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Interferon-gamma and neuropathy: balance between pain and neuroprotection

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2700-2701页

作者： valentina ferrara Alessandra Toti Carla Ghelardini Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Department of Neuroscience PsychologyDrug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology SectionUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

Chronic pain is sustained by a phenomenon of hyper-activation of nociceptive neurons both at peripheral(peripheral sensitization)and central(central sensitization)levels.The onset and maintenance of pain,however,is to be found in the interaction among the various cell populations in the nervous tissue including neurons and glia(Nam et al.,2016).The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is extremely complex depending on the primary cause of nerve damage,e.***.traumatic nerve injury is associated with a robust inflammatory response while chemotherapy-induced pain is characterized by a modest phlogistic component(Di Cesare Mannelli et al.,2013).Despite these differences,a powerful common concept to explain the cellular mechanisms underlying pain is the activation of glia.

关键词： pain sustained

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Mechanisms of resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第28期22卷 6345-6361页

作者： Vincenzo Sforza Erika Martinelli Fortunato Ciardiello valentina Gambardella Stefania Napolitano Giulia Martini Carminia della Corte Claudia Cardone Marianna L ferrara Alfonso Reginelli Giuseppina Liguori Giulio Belli Teresa Troiani Oncologia medica Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara" Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli Department of Medical Oncology Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA University of Valencia Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine Magrassi-Lanzara Institute of Radiology Seconda Università di Napoli Department of Pathology Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS Department of General and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery S. M. Loreto Nuovo Hospital

The prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) remain poor despite the impressive improvement of treatments observed over the last 20 years that led to an increase in median overall survival from 6 mo, with the only best supportive care, to approximately 30 mo with the introduction of active chemotherapy drugs and targeted agents. The monoclonal antibodies(mo Abs) cetuximab and panitumumab, directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), undoubtedly represent a major step forward in the treatment of m CRC, given the relevant efficacy in terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, response rate, and quality of life observed in several phase Ⅲ clinical trials among different lines of treatment. However, the anti-EGFR mo Abs were shown only to be effective in a subset of patients. For instance, KRAS and NRAS mutations have been identified as biomarkers of resistance to these drugs, improving the selection of patients who might derive a benefit from these treatments. Nevertheless, several other alterations might affect the response to these drugs, and unfortunately, even the responders eventually become resistant by developing secondary(or acquired) resistance in approximately 13-18 mo. Several studies highlighted that the landscape of responsible alterations of both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR drugs biochemically converge into MEK-ERK and PIK3CA-AKT pathways. In this review, we describe the currently known mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR mo Abs together with the various strategies evaluated to prevent, overcame or revert them.

关键词： Metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor Resistance Mutation KRAS NRAS BRAF PIK

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Impact of HLA-G analysis in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions

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World Journal of Methodology 2014年第1期4卷 11-25页

作者： Daria Bortolotti valentina Gentili Antonella Rotola Enzo Cassai Roberta Rizzo Dario Di Luca Department of Medical Sciences Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics University of Ferrara 44121 Ferrara Italy

Human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class Ⅰ molecule that differs from classical HLA class Ⅰ molecules by low polymorphism and tissue distribution. HLA-G is a tolerogenic molecule with an immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory function on both innate and adaptative immunity. This peculiar characteristic of HLA-G has led to investigations of its role in pathological conditions in order to define possible uses in diagnosis, prevention and treatment. In recent years, HLA-G has been shown to have an important implication in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications, tumor development and aggressiveness, and susceptibility to viral infections. In fact, HLA-G molecules have been reported to alternate at both genetic and protein level in different disease situations, supporting its crucial role in pathological conditions. Specific pathologies show altered levels of soluble(s)HLA-G and different HLA-G gene polymorphisms seem to correlate with disease. This review aims to update scientific knowledge on the contribution of HLA-G in managing pathological conditions.

关键词： Human leukocyte antigen-G Pathology Prognosis Diagnosis Treatment Marker

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