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Seasonal variations in temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a larch forest in the Northern Daxing’an Mountains in Northeast China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 1061-1070页

作者： Lin Yang Qiuliang Zhang Zhongtao Ma Huijun Jin Xiaoli Chang Sergey S.Marchenko valentin V.spektor College of Forestry and Da Xing’anling Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010019People’s Republic of China Research-Station of Permafrost Geo-Environment Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cold Regions Science and Engineering and School of Civil EngineeringNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000People’s Republic of China Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK99775USA Laboratory of General Geocryology Melnikov Permafrost InstituteSiberia BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYakutskRussia677010

Temperature sensitivity of respiration of forest soils is important for its responses to climate warming and for the accurate assessment of soil carbon budget. The sensitivity of temperature (T_(i)) to soil respiration rate (R_(s)), and Q_(10) defined by e^(10(lnRs−lna)/Ti) has been used extensively for indicating the sensitivity of soil respiration. The soil respiration under a larch (Larix gmelinii) forest in the northern Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast China was observed in situ from April to September, 2019 using the dynamic chamber method. Air temperatures (T_(air)), soil surface temperatures (T_(0cm)), soil temperatures at depths of 5 and 10 cm (T_(5cm) and T_(10cm), respectively), and soil-surface water vapor concentrations were monitored at the same time. The results show a significant monthly variability in soil respiration rate in the growing season (April–September). The Q_(10) at the surface and at depths of 5 and 10 cm was estimated at 5.6, 6.3, and 7.2, respectively. The Q_(10@10 cm) over the period of surface soil thawing (Q_(10@10 cm, thaw) = 36.89) were significantly higher than that of the growing season (Q_(10@10 cm, growth )= 3.82). Furthermore, the Rs in the early stage of near-surface soil thawing and in the middle of the growing season is more sensitive to changes in soil temperatures. Soil temperature is thus the dominant factor for season variations in soil respiration, but rainfall is the main controller for short-term fluctuations in respiration. Thus, the higher sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature (Q_(10)) is found in the middle part of the growing season. The monthly and seasonal Q_(10) values better reflect the responsiveness of soil respiration to changes in hydrometeorology and ground freeze-thaw processes. This study may help assess the stability of the soil carbon pool and strength of carbon fluxes in the larch forested permafrost regions in the northern Daxing’an Mountains.

关键词： Soil respiration Dynamic chamber method Ground thawing Major growth period Soil temperature

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Engineering Geological Map of the Sakha(Yakutia) Republic

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第5期6卷 484-493页

作者： Vladimir B.spektor Yaroslav I.Torgovkin Alena A.Shestakova valentin V.spektor Lena D.Ivanova Boris M.Kozmin Melnikov Permafrost Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Engineering Geological Map of the Sakha（Yakutia） Republic covers about 3 million kilometers which is one-fifth of the territory of *** map displays ground and geocryological conditions and active *** intensity,schemes of zoning by factors of engineering geological conditions,and the general scheme of engineering geological zoning of the Sakha（Yakutia） Republic or the SR（Y）,are shown on the inset *** map is required to provide information for planning,construction and exploitation of engineering structures in the SR（Y）.A distinguishing feature of the map is the indication of almost blanket distribution of the frozen ground *** of the frozen ground class are separated by lithology,while ground varieties are separated by *** and ultra-fresh suprapermafrost water is predominant within the *** compiled map indicates parts of the Arctic-Asian and Baikalo-Stanovoi planetary seismic belts that make engineering geological conditions more complicated.

关键词： engineering geological map ground types frozen ground exogenous processes Sakha (Yakutia) Republic

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Advances in Climate Change Research 12(2021)48-65 Review

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第1期12卷 48-65页

作者： LI Xiao-Ying JIN Hui-Jun WANG Hong-Wei Sergey SMARCHENKO SHAN Wei LUO Dong-Liang HE Rui-Xia valentin spektor HUANG Ya-Dong LI Xin-Yu JIA Ning Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management(Ministry of Education) College of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China Northeast-China Observatory and Research Station of Permafrost Geological Environment(Ministry of Education) School of Civil EngineeringInstitute of Cold Region Science and EngineeringNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Permafrost Lab Geophysical InstituteUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks99775USA Melnikov Permafrost Institute Siberian BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYakutsk677010Russia School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150090China

In boreal and arctic regions,forest fires exert great influences on biogeochemical processes,hydrothermal dynamics of the active layer and near-surface permafrost,and subsequent nutrient *** this article,the studies on impacts of forest fires on the permafrost environment are *** studies indicate that forest fires could result in an irreversible degradation of permafrost,successions of boreal forests,rapid losses of soil carbon stock,and increased hazardous periglacial *** forest fires,soil temperatures rise;active layer thickens;the release of soil carbon and nitrogen enhances,and;vegetation changes from coniferous forests to broad-leaved forests,shrublands or *** may take decades or even centuries for the fire-disturbed ecosystems and permafrost environment to return to pre-fire conditions,if ever *** boreal forest,the thickness of organic layer has a key influence on changes in permafrost and *** addition,climate warming,change of vegetation,shortening of fire return intervals,and extent of fire range and increasing of fire severity may all modify the change trajectory of the fire-impacted permafrost ***,the observations and research on the relationships and interactive mechanisms among the forest fires,vegetation,carbon cycle and permafrost under a changing climate are still inadequate for a systematic impact *** the chronosequence approach of evaluating the temporal changes by measuring changes in the permafrost environment at different stages at various sites(possibly representing varied stages of permafrost degradation and modes),multi-source data assimilation and model predictions and simulations should be integrated with the results from long-and short-term field investigations,geophysical investigations and airborne surveys,laboratory testing and remote *** studies may enable quantitatively assess and predict the feed-back relationship and influence mechanism a

关键词： Forest fires Hydrothermal processes Organic layer thickness Active layer thickness Ecological thresholds Permafrost degradation Boreal and arctic regions

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Spatial Distribution of Main Engineering-Geological Groups of Frozen Ground and Related Geological Processes in Yakutia

Spatial Distribution of Main Engineering-Geological Groups o...

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第八届国际冻土工程会议

作者： Vladimir spektor Yaroslav Torgovkin Rudolf Zhang Alena Shestakova valentin spektor Melnikov Permafrost Institute SB RAS

＜正＞At the present time the Russian Research Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology （VSEGINGEO,Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation） through cooperation with leading educational,geological,and scientific organizations within the country have compiled a Geographic Information System（GIS） based Engineering-Geological Map of Russia（scale 1:2,500,000）.Utilizing this map,it is possible to make a rapid assessment of some engineering-geological conditions for large territories within *** we report an assessment of ground conditions for the territory of the Republic of Sakha（Yakutia）.

关键词： permafrost engineering cryogenic processes cryolithozone Republic of Sakha(Yakutia)

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The Role of Methane and Methane Hydrates in the Evolution of Global Climate

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第2期7卷 236-252页

作者： Sarah Kh. Lifshits Vladimir B. spektor Boris M. Kershengolts valentin V. spektor Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Oil and Gas Problems Yakutsk Russia Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Melnikov Permafrost Institute Yakutsk Russia Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone Yakutsk Russia

For the first time, functioning of the planetary climate system is considered in terms of the self-organization laws with account of positive and negative feedbacks. It is shown that the maximum risks in the development of positive feedbacks that can lead the climate system to a planetary catastrophe, are associated with an unprecedented increase in the concentration of methane in the atmosphere. Over the last 30 years, its concentration in the atmosphere has increased by 2.5 times and continues to grow exponentially. In this review, we show that today the principal source for increase of methane concentration in the atmosphere is the self-accelerating decomposition of methane hydrates in the cryosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. In the history of the Earth, the emissions of methane into the atmosphere due to mass decomposition of methane hydrates led to climate-induced biosphere catastrophes. Paleo-reconstruction analysis of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and its temperature over the last 420,000 years has allowed us to conclude that the self-organizing planetary climate system is currently in a state of dynamic chaos (close to the bifurcation point). This means that even a relatively weak impact on it, also of anthropogenic characters, is able to affect the planetary climate system to select its future development trajectory.

关键词： Greenhouse Effect Decomposition of Methane Hydrates Permafrost Biosphere Catastrophe Self-Regulation in the Global Climate System

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内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原古冰缘遗迹科学考察研究进展

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冰川冻土 2021年第1期43卷 263-273页

作者：何瑞霞金会军蒋观利张泽陈雪梅 Raul David SERBAN Mihaela SERBAN Jef VANDENBERGHE valentin V.spektor Hugh M.FRENCH 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 东北林业大学东北多年冻土区地质环境系统教育部野外科学观测研究站(内蒙古额尔古纳)/土木工程学院/寒区科学与工程研究院黑龙江哈尔滨100040 Applied Geomorphology and Interdisciplinary Research Centre Department of GeographyWest University of TimisoaraTimis 300223Romania Department of Earth Sciences VU UniversityDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamNetherlands Laboratory of General Geocryology Melnikov Permafrost InstituteRussian Academy of SciencesYakutsk 677010SakhaRussia Departments of Geography and Earth Sciences University of OttawaOntarioCanada Department of Geography University of VictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada

冰缘遗迹(特别是冷生楔形构造及融冻褶皱)是重建古气候及第四纪晚期多年冻土环境的重要证据。内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原是我国北方地区冰缘现象最为发育的地区之一。为准确了解鄂尔多斯高原冰缘遗迹类型及其分布特征、区域冻土演化历史等,中... 详细信息

冰缘遗迹(特别是冷生楔形构造及融冻褶皱)是重建古气候及第四纪晚期多年冻土环境的重要证据。内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原是我国北方地区冰缘现象最为发育的地区之一。为准确了解鄂尔多斯高原冰缘遗迹类型及其分布特征、区域冻土演化历史等,中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院和荷兰自由大学共同组成科研小组,于2018年5—6月组织了"鄂尔多斯高原冰缘遗迹科学考察"。考察区域涉及靖边—城川—乌审旗—鄂尔多斯东胜区一带约12000km2的范围。考察内容主要包括鄂尔多斯高原冰缘遗迹类型及特征、分布区域、各类型冰缘遗迹所指示的气候条件的初步推断等。结果表明:冻融褶皱和冷生楔体构造是鄂尔多斯高原主要存在的两大类冰缘遗迹。基于本次考察中关于冰缘遗迹的分布与特征等新发现,并综合前人研究成果,初步推断:在气温极低、多年冻土非常发育的时段,有利于形成各类冷生楔状构造,如冰楔假形和大型原生砂楔等;在气候转暖、多年冻土退化,但还没有全部融化完阶段,可能形成融冻褶皱;区域性大面积分布和成群出现的融冻褶皱一般反映较暖气候环境下,多年冻土层上部已退化到一定程度。基于光释光(OSL)年代测试结果,结合冰缘遗迹的特征及其所指示的古气候环境,初步重建了鄂尔多斯5万年以来的冻土环境变化序列。区内多年冻土在多年冻土最大期(LPM,25~19ka BP)时最发育,以大面积连续多年冻土为主;之后,随气温转暖,总趋势呈退化状态,多年冻土分布逐渐变为片状→岛状→零星斑状,直至现今全部融完变为深季节冻土区。

关键词：内蒙古鄂尔多斯古冰缘遗迹冷生楔形构造冻融褶皱科学考察

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