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Surrogate Climate Change Scenario and Projections with a Regional Climate Model: Impact on the Aridity in South America

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American Journal of Climate Change 2014年第5期3卷 474-489页

作者： Sergio H. Franchito Julio P. reyes Fernandez David Pareja Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos CPTEC Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE C.P. 515 12201-970 Sao José dos Campos Brazil

The impact of global warming on the aridity in South America (SA) is investigated. For this purpose, the methodology for generating surrogate climate-change scenarios with a RCM is employed. For the present climate (CTRL) the RCM is initialized with and driven by ECMWF/ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Two aridity indices are used: the Budyko and the UnEP indices. The results for the CTR are in agreement with other model studies which indicate future warming;rainfall increases in southeastern South America, Ecuador and Peru and decreases in the central and eastern Amazon. In general the model reproduces the aridity in the continent compared with the observed data for both indices. The distribution of aridity over SA in surrogate climate-change scenario shows an increase of the dryness in the continent. Over Amazonia the aridity increases 23.9% (for the UnEP index) and 3.1% (for the Budyko index), suggesting that portions of the Amazonia forest are replaced by dry land area. The semi-arid zone over northeast Brazil expands westward, attaining the interior of north Brazil. In this region the aridity increases 20% (for the UnEP index) and 0.6% (for the Budyko index) indicating that areas of humid regime may be occupied by areas with dry land regime. The RCM was also integrated driven by the AOGCM ECHAM5/MPI-OM for the reference climate (CTRL2) and under A1B SRES scenario. The results for the present-day climate are similar in CTRL2 and CTRL, and are in agreement with CRU data. The distribution of the aridity for the present climate seems to be better represented in CTRL using both Budyko and UnEP indices. The changes in aridity (future climate minus control) are higher in the run forced by the A1B SRES scenario. Although the UnEP and Budyko indices show potentialities and limitations to represent the aridity distribution over SA, the changes in aridity due to a pseudo-scenario of global warming are higher using the UnEP index.

关键词： Aridity in South America Surrogate Climate-Change Scenario Regional Climate Model

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Pasture Production and Sheep Behavior in Mixed or Adjacent Monocultures Swards in Different Seasons of the Year

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第6期8卷 370-376页

作者： Ingrid Merchant Jaime Jesús Solano reyes Vázquez Virginio Aguirre joséHerrera-Haro Agustín Orihuela Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Autonomous University of the State of MorelosCuernavacaMorelos 62210Mexico Bachelors Center of Agriculture Technology no.154 Huitzilac General Directorate of Agricultural Technology EducationMorelos 62510Mexico Ministry of Agriculture LivestockRural DevelopmentFisheries and FoodPostgraduate CollegeMontecillos 56230Mexico

Traditionally,forage is grown in mixed(Mi)or monoculture(Mo)***,there is currently no evaluation of the advantages of these production systems under tropical *** aim of this study was to evaluate forage production and animal behavior in Mi and Mo pastures containing white clover(Trifolium repens L.),African star(Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst)and Taiwan napier(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach),using a completely randomized design with two treatments(Mo and Mi)and three repetitions during the four seasons of the *** each repetition and season,three sheep were evaluated for 8 h/d during three consecutive *** forage produced in Mo and Mi pastures was similar(p>0.05)during the four seasons of the *** displayed higher(pns(ADG)when grazed on Mi than Mo pastures,particularly during summer,autumn and winter,seasons that corresponded to the higher dry matter intake(DMI)(pn though sheep spent more time(png on Mo pastures,when compared with *** was concluded that there is no advantage in forage production when associations of white clover and two tropical grasses are grown in Mo or Mi ***,heavier sheep are obtained from the later as a result of an increase in forage consumption.

关键词： Trifolium repens Cynodon nlemfuensis Pennisetum purpureum grazing behavior pasture

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Mathematical Modeling of the Hydrodynamics of an EGSB Reactor

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第6期8卷 602-610页

作者： Gleyce Teixeira Correia Tania Pérez-Pérez Ileana Pereda-reyes Deny Oliva Merencio Marcelo Zaiat Wu Hong Kwong Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos Sao Carlos 13565-905 Brazil Institute of Animal Science Mayabeque 32700 Cuba Study Center of Process Engineering Instituto Superior Politécnico "José Antonio Eeheverria " Havana 19390 Cuba Study Center of Renewable Energy Technologies lnstituto Superior Politécnico "José Antonio Echeverria " Havana 19390 Cuba Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation School of Engineering of Sao Carlos University of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos 13563-120 Brazil

Generally, in the literature, the hydrodynamic behavior of an EGSB （expanded granular sludge bed） reactor is considered as a complete mix reactor. Few works study in detail the flow of such reactors. The aim of this work was to study, in detail, the hydrodynamics of an EGSB reactor and to propose a mathematical model to describe its flow. A 3.04 L reactor was used with HRT （hydraulic retention time） of 12 h, affluent flowrate of 4 mL·min^-1, and the recirculation flow rate was changed to study three different upflow velocities in the tube （6, 8 and 10 m·h^-1. The pulse input method was used, with the use of blue dextran as tracer. In order to consider the dimensional differences between the tube and the separator, the reactor was divided into two regions （tube and separator）. Initially, a model with two tubular reactors with dispersion in series was proposed and the Peclet number was adjusted for the two regions. It was observed that the region of the tube shows the behavior of a tubular reactor with high dispersion, whereas the region of the separator shows the behavior of a complete mix reactor. In order to simplify the equation, and by knowing that the concentration profile along the reactor was almost constant, a model of two CSTRs （continuous stirred tank reactors） was proposed in series and the number of reactors （n） was set. The best combination was five CSTRs, three in the tube region and two in the separator region. The presented models were equivalent and can be used to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of the EGSB reactor.

关键词： EGSB reactor hydrodynamics mathematical modeling.

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Production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases during liver fibrosis progression of chronic hepatitis C patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第2期13卷 218-232页

作者： Moises Martinez-Castillo Abigail hernandez-Barragan Ivonne Flores-Vasconcelos Marina Galicia-Moreno Dorothy Rosique-Oramas jose Luis Perez-hernandez Fatima Higuera-De la Tijera Eduardo E Montalvo-Jave Aldo Torre-Delgadillo Paula Cordero-Perez Linda Muñoz-Espinosa David Kershenobich Gabriela Gutierrez-reyes Liver Pancreas and Motility LaboratoryUnit of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineGeneral Hospital of MexicoUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexico City 06726Mexico Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene TherapyHealth Science University CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajara 06726Mexico Department of Gastroenterology General Hospital of Mexico“Dr.Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico City 06726Mexico Department of General Surgery General Hospital of Mexico“Dr.Eduardo Liceaga”School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexico City 06726Mexico Hepatology and Liver Transplant National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition“Salvador Zubirán”Mexico City 06726Mexico University Hospital“Dr.joséEleuterio González ”Autonomous University of Nuevo LeonMonterrey 06726Mexico

BACKGROUnD Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)participate in the degradation of extracellular matrix compounds,maintaining the homeostasis between fibrogenesis and fibrolytic processes in the ***,there are few studies on the regulation of liver MMPs in fibrosis progression in *** To assess the production activity and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C(CHC).METHODS A prospective,cross-sectional,multicenter study was *** patients were categorized in fibrosis grades through FibroTest®and/or FibroScan®.Serum MMP-2,-7,and-9 were determined by western blot and multiplex suspension array *** were validated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U *** Spearman correlation coefficient and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were *** and gelatinase activity was determined through the Azocoll substrate and zymogram test,whereas tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 production was determined by dot blot *** Serum concentrations of the MMPs evaluated were higher in CHC patients than in healthy ***-7 distinguished early and advanced stages,with a correlation of 0.32(Pnd the area under the receiver operating characteristic displayed moderate sensitivity and specificity for MMP-7 in F4(area under the receiver operating characteristic,0.705;95%confidence interval:0.605-0.805;Pnolytic activity was detected at F0 and F1,whereas gelatinase activity was not detected at any fibrosis *** inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 determination showed upregulation in F0 and F1 but downregulation in F2(PnCLUSIOn High concentrations of inactive MMPs were present in the serum of CHC patients,reflecting the impossibility to restrain liver fibrosis *** could be good diagnostic candidates and therapeutic targets for improving novel strategies to reverse liver fibrosis in CHC.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Matrix metalloproteinases Liver fibrosis Chronic hepatitis C Fibrogenesis Fibrolysis

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Comparison between Two Urban Wastewater Primary Treatment Trains

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2022年第6期11卷 195-200页

作者： Alfonso Espitia-Cabrera Berenice Quintana-Díaz joséde Jesús naranjo Sánchez Alejandro reyes Martínez Griselda Gonzalez Cardoso Energy Department Metropolitan Autonomous UniversityAzcapotzalco CDMX 02200Mexico

This paper evaluated two different wastewater primary treatments of wastewater from the“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana,Azcapotzalco Campus”,a conventional one integrated for coagulation,flocculation,sedimentation and filtration versus one alternative integrated for in-line coagulation to precondition to rapid *** wastewater was from the Azcapotzalco Campus in Mexico City,and in both cases,we characterized the wastewater,measured:pH,conductivity,temperature,total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen,ORP(Oxide Reduction Potential),turbidity,and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand).Conventional treatment was slightly better treatment,but the alternative treatment represents saving in equipment,reactive,energy and time,so it was considered a viable technical and economic wastewater primary treatment.

关键词： Wastewater primary treatment rapid filter performance static mixer

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Cellular Forms in Cultivation in Suspension of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Variety Surprise

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第4期8卷 203-211页

作者： Christian Marely Rodriguez-Salazar josé Roman-Reynosa Sandra Victoria Avila-reyes Franklin Loring-Younce Antonio Ruperto Jiménez-Aparicio Silvia Evangelista-Lozano Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico nacional (CEPROBI-IPn) Carretera Yautepec-JojutlaKm 6calle CEPROBI no. 8Colonia San IsidroC.P. 62731YautepecMorelosMéxico Tecnológico de Zacatepec del Instituto nacional de México Calzada Tecnológico 27Col. Plan de AyalaC.P. 62780Zacatepec de HidalgoMorelosMéxico COnACyT-Instituto Politécnico nacional (CEPROBI-IPn) Carretera Yautepec-JojutlaKm 6calle CEPROBI No. 8Colonia San IsidroC.P. 62731YautepecMorelosMéxico School of Food Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-6376USA

The objective of this work was to describe the predominant cell forms in the phases of growth kinetics in a suspension culture of the Bougainvillea glabra Choisy variety *** in suspension with Murashige and Skoog(MS)basal culture medium were supplemented with six different concentrations and combinations of vegetable growth regulator(VGR)of type auxin(2,4-D and nAA)and cytokinin(BAP)(0.2-5.3 mg/L)and a *** callus was obtained from leaf explants ex vitro to in vitro culture in solid MS medium using PhytagelTM as gelling agent to 2.2 g/L.A portion of callus(1.0 g)was used as cellular inoculum and grown under controlled conditions(50 mL,120 rpm,25°C and luminous intensity of 48μmol m2/s).The best treatment with significant differences(p≤0.05)were with a hormonal relation of 2:1 of BAP and nAA,respectively,with a fresh weight yield ranging from 1.7905 g to 5.8340 g,which represents around 70%.An adaptation phase was observed from day 0 to day 14 on the curve of fresh weight;an exponential phase at day 14 to day 19 and a declination phase at day *** forms in the adaptation phase were elongated cells,a few globular and a few with kidney *** the exponential phase,these cells formed small aggregates of globular *** the death phase,brown,elongated,damaged and fragmented cells were *** this data obtained it is possible to establish the subculture time in fresh medium.

关键词： Bougainvillea kinetics of cell growth in vitro culture

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Evaluation of the Influence of Hyoscine Butylbromide on the Oral Bioavailability of Lansoprazole in Healthy Adult Volunteers

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2016年第7期7卷 264-271页

作者： noemí Santos-Caballero Lina Marcela Barranco-Garduño josé Carlos Aguilar-Carrasco Miriam del Carmen Carrasco-Portugal Francisco Javier Flores-Murrieta Landsteiner Scientific S.A. de C.V. Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas Mexico City Mexico Departamento de Biología Celular Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes Mexico City Mexico Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico

The gastroesophageal reflux and/or peptic ulcer diseases are clinical conditions that occur usually accompanied of symptomatic pain. Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor class drug is widely used in clinical practice for treatment of these diseases. However, its efficacy can be improved by combining with spasmolytic and/or visceral analgesic such as hyoscine butylbromide. Since hyoscine butylbromide is barely absorbed and exerts some local effects at gastrointestinal tract which may modify the absorption of lansoprazole, it is important to establish if there is a pharmacokinetic interaction after the oral concomitant administration of both drugs. For this objective, twenty-five subjects received under a crossover design an oral administration of lansoprazole (15 mg) plus placebo or a fixed-dose combination with hyoscine butiylbromide (15 mg + 10 mg, respectively). Plasma samples were obtained at different times during 10 hours. Lansoprazole plasma concentrations were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Fixed-dose combination was well tolerated. Lansoprazole pharmacokinetic parameters were: Cmax 621.81 ± 212.79 and 450.38 ± 192.14 ng/mL;AUC0-t 1941.36 ± 845.57 and 1454.66 ± 757.28 ng·h/mL;tmax 2.83 ± 0.99 and 3.40 ± 1.82h;t1/2 1.35 ± 0.39 and 1.45 ± 0.51 h, for alone and combined fixed-dose formulation, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by analysis of variance and ratios of AUC0-t, Cmax and 90% confidence intervals obtained. Since confidence intervals exceed the 80% - 125% limits for these parameters, we conclude that there is a significantly pharmacokinetic interaction of lansoprazole when it is administered concomitantly with hyoscine butylbromide.

关键词： Lansoprazole Hyoscine Butylbromide Fixed-Dose Formulation Pharmacokinetic Interaction

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Serotypes of Bacteria Encountered in Childhood Purulent Meningitis in Children in Parakou (Benin) in 2011

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期6卷 109-119页

作者： joseph Agossou Julien Didier Adédémy Alphonse noudamadjo Mahougnon Rachelle Mariette Houessou Pierre Tsawlassou Rolande Assogba Godonou Gracien Sagbo Honorat Francis Lalya Maroufou Jules Alao Honoré Bankolé F. Hounsou Rock Aristide Sossou josé Biey Martin Antonio Claire Oluwalana Jarju Sheikh Sikiratou Adéothy-Koumakpaï Ayélèrou Simon Akpona Blaise Ayivi Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital Parakou Benin Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Ministry of Health of Benin Cotonou Benin WHO/Benin Cotonou Benin Medical Research Council Laboratories Banjul Gambia Department of Fundamental Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry Teaching & Research Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Introduction: In the north-Benin, there are three agents causing pediatric purulent meningitis outside the neonatal period. These are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The aim of this research work was to investigate bacteria serotypes that caused childhood purulent meningitis in the pediatric unit of the Borgou à Regional University Teaching Hospital (CHUD-Borgou) located in Parakou (north-Benin). Patients and Methods: Through a prospective and descriptive study centered on children aged 0 to 5 years old suspected of meningitis and hospitalized, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of those children were analyzed at the WHO reference laboratory in Banjul for serotyping by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Results: Among the 1396 children hospitalized during that period, 366 were suspected of meningitis and had benefitted from lumbar puncture. Among those 366 suspected cases, 51 cases of purulent meningitis were confirmed after CSF cytobacteriological and biochemical test at the CHUD-Borgou laboratory. Among 51 CSF samples in which purulent meningitis was confirmed, 44 were sent to Banjul. In addition, 310 CSF samples from non-confirmed cases of meningitis were also sent to Banjul. In the whole set of samples sent for real time PCR, 151 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae (42.7%) were found, 5 cases of neisseria meningitidis (1.4%) and 1 case of Haemophilus influenzae (0.3%) were also encountered. As regards Streptococcus pneumonia, the serotypes encountered were: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7F, 8, 9V, 9V/9A, 9n/9L, 14, 18C, 19A, 23F, 33F as well as non typed and non typable serotypes. As for neisseria meningitidis, only serogroup A was found in it. For Haemophilus influenzae, only serotype b was identified. Conclusion: Four non vaccine serotypes (8, 9V/9A, 9n/9L and 33F), non typed and non typable serotypes which are not covered by 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 13) were identified. This highlights the ne

关键词： Purulent Meningitis Children Bacteria Serotypes Benin

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冰雹结构异质性的分析:大气条件及其潜在的环境意义

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AMBIO-人类环境杂志 2001年第7期30卷 452-454页

作者： Jesús Martínez-Frías Millán Millán nicolás García Fernando López-Vera Antonio Delgado Roberto García 闵庆文 Departamento de Geologia Museo nacional de Ciencias naturales CSIC jos Gutirraez Abascal 228006 Madrid Spain jos A. Rodrguez-Losada Emilio reyes Juan A. Martn Rub Aurora Gmez-Coedo

冰雹是球状或不规则冰块形式的降水,它一般产生于与复合单体、超级单体和冷锋锋面有关的对流云中。冰雹开始时是一些微小的冰球,这些小冰球与周围的小水滴不断发生碰撞,当附着的小水滴冻结起来,这些小冰球就增大了。当一个冰块混合体的... 详细信息

冰雹是球状或不规则冰块形式的降水,它一般产生于与复合单体、超级单体和冷锋锋面有关的对流云中。冰雹开始时是一些微小的冰球,这些小冰球与周围的小水滴不断发生碰撞,当附着的小水滴冻结起来,这些小冰球就增大了。当一个冰块混合体的直径达到或超过5 mm时,就称为雹块。一般来说,雹块是存在过冷水滴的雷暴积雨云内部上升气流和下沉气流共同作用的结果。过冷却的水滴不断沉积在冰晶上,使其起生长为雹块,这一般经过了从软雹(第一阶段)到小冰雹、再到雹块的不同阶段。一个雹块在

关键词：冰雹固态降水雹块对流层顶对流层上限低层大气大气条件异质性

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