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Field Soil r.spir.tion r.te on a Sub-Antar.tic Island: Its r.lation to Site Char.cter.stics and r.sponse to Added C, N and P

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2012年第2期2卷 187-195页

作者： Andr.a Lubbe valdon r. smith Depar.ment of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa.

Botanical, soil chemistr. and soil micr.biology var.ables wer. tested as pr.dictor. of in situ soil r.spir.tion r.te in the var.ous ter.estr.al habitats on sub-Antar.tic Mar.on Island (47oS, 38oE). Inor.anic P and total N concentr.tion wer. the best pr.dictor. amongst the chemistr. var.ables and bacter.a plate count the best of the micr.biology var.ables. However. while these chemistr. and micr.biology var.ables could accur.tely pr.dict soil r.spir.tion r.te for.par.icular.habitats, they pr.ved inadequate pr.dictor. acr.ss the whole r.nge of habitats. The best suite of pr.dictor. compr.sed only botanical var.ables (r.lative cover. of five plant guilds) and accounted for.94% of the total acr.ss-habitat var.ation in soil r.spir.tion r.te. Mean field soil r.spir.tion r.tes (2.1 - 15.5 mmol CO2 m-2 h-1) for.habitats not influenced by seabir.s or.seals ar. similar.to r.tes in compar.ble Nor.her. Hemispher. tundr. habitats. Seabir. and seal manur.ng enhances soil r.spir.tion r.tes to values (up to 27.6 mmol CO2 m-2 h-1) higher.than found at any tundr. site. Glucose, N, P or.N plus P wer. added to thr.e habitats with contr.sting soil types;a fellfield with miner.l, nutr.ent-poor.soil, a mir. with or.anic, nutr.ent-poor.soil and a shor.-zone her.field heavily manur.d by penguins and with or.anic, nutr.ent-r.ch soil. Glucose addition stimulated soil r.spir.tion in the fellfield and mir. (especially the for.er. but not in the coastal her.field soil. N and P, alone or.together. did not stimulate r.spir.tion at any of the habitats, but adding glucose to fellfield soils that had pr.viously been for.ified with P or.NP caused a similar.incr.ase in r.spir.tion r.te, which was gr.ater.than the incr.ase when adding glucose to soils for.ified only with N. This suggests that fellfield soil r.spir.tion is limited by P r.ther.than N, and that ther. is no syner.ism between the two nutr.ents. For.the mir. and coastal her.field, adding glucose to soils pr.viously for.ified with N, P or.NP d

关键词： Soil r.spir.tion Sub-Antar.tic Island Soil Moistur. Content Soil Nutr.ent Status N Limitation P Limitation C Limitation Seal and Seabir. Manur.ng

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Spatial Var.ation in Soil Chemistr. on a Sub-Antar.tic Island

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2012年第2期2卷 111-115页

作者： Ever.ar. Chr.stiaan Conr.die valdon r. smith Depar.ment of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa

On both west and east sides of sub-Antar.tic Mar.on Island (47oS, 38oE), total Na and exchangeable Na, Mg and K concentr.tions in the soil decline with incr.asing distance inland and altitude, r.lated to a decr.ase in the intensity of seaspr.y deposition. On the east side, the coastal plain is wide and slopes gently up to the mountainous inter.or.and total C, total N and soil moistur. content all decr.ase significantly, wher.as bulk density incr.ases significantly, as one moves away fr.m the sea, r.flecting a gr.dual change fr.m or.anic, wet, low bulk density peats char.cter.stic of low-land coastal r.gions to miner.l, dr., high bulk density volcanic soils char.cter.stic of inland ar.as. On the west side, the nar.ow coastal plain is bounded by an escar.ment that r.ses up ver. steeply to the highland inter.or. Ther., sampling was lar.ely r.str.cted to the coastal plain (soils ar. r.r. on the escar.ment and inter.or. and did not cover.the same tr.nsition fr.m or.anic to miner.l soils as on the east side. Hence, total C, total N and bulk density did not change significantly with incr.asing distance inland on the west side. Most total Mg is in the miner.l fr.ction of the soil, with a lesser.contr.bution by or.anic, exchangeable and soil solution for.s of Mg. On the east side the gr.dual tr.nsition fr.m highly or.anic peats to ver. miner.l soils r.sults in an incr.ase in total Mg going inland, but on the west, wher. ther. was not this change in soil miner.lity, total Mg decr.ased with incr.asing distance inland, r.flecting the decr.asing intensity of seaspr.y. Once the between-side differ.nces in the influence of altitude and distance fr.m the sea ar. accounted for. ther. ar. significant differ.nces in soil chemical composition between the two sides of the island. Over.ll, west side soils ar. mor. influenced by both seaspr.y and the par.nt volcanic basalts than ar. east side soils.

关键词： Sub-Antar.tic Soil nutr.ents Altitudinal Var.ation Seaspr.y Miner.l-Or.anic Gr.dient Soil Or.anic Matter

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