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Old-growth m.xed dipteroc.rp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biom.ss and standing c.rbon over forty years

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Forest Ec.system. 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera c.am.ika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.m.P.Singhakum.ra Xiangc.eng m. I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke c.V.S.Gunatilleke m.rk SAshton Departm.nt of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest Sc.ool Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Departm.nt of Forestry and Environm.ntal Sc.enc. University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environm.ntal c.ange Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Departm.nt University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Bac.ground:No studies have doc.m.nted long-term.trends in aboveground biom.ss(AGB)for m.xed-dipteroc.rp forests(m.F),the dom.nant rain forest type in tropic.l wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to doc.m.nt suc. trends over forty years ac.oss three sites representing lowland to lower m.ntane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m.25 m.plots in 1978 ac.oss three sites sam.led along an elevation gradient,identified as m.ture old-growth *** m.asured trees for diam.ter at breast height that we identified to spec.es and *** took wood sam.les to c.lc.late spec.es wood-spec.fic.*** re-m.asured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites c.m.ined to be 517.52 m.·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this dec.ined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 m.·ha^(-1).No differenc.s exist am.ng sites in AGB prim.rily bec.use of c.nsiderable within site variation;but interac.ions of tim. with site show dec.ines ac.oss sites were not uniform.one rem.ined about the *** few spec.es represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five spec.es c.m.rising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** spec.es,m.sua nagassarium.represented a disproportionately large am.unt of AGB and dec.ine over tim.,partic.larly at the low elevation ***:Our results are direc.ly relevant to estim.ting AGB and standing c.rbon sequestered in *** study is the first to dem.nstrate varying but overall,dec.ining trends in am.unts of AGB am.ng forests m.king predic.ions of biom.ss and standing c.rbon in m.F diffic.lt over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropic.l rain forest Wood spec.fic.gravity

The c.D instrum.nt bac.ground of the Sm.LE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physic. 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： m.W.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.W.Buggey S.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland c.Pagani S.Sem.ay c.ntre for Elec.ronic.Im.ging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronom. Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and c.S Sm.LE m.ssion orbit is highly elliptic.l and will pass through m.ltiple radiation *** Soft X-ray Im.ger(SXI)instrum.nt aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to c.ose when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will c.ose when passing below an altitude threshold to protec. against trapped partic.es in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environm.nts c.n be approxim.ted based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrum.nt bac.ground for the c.Ds(c.arge-c.upled Devic.s)that form.the foc.l plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two *** to the c.rrelation of the spac. environm.nt with the solar c.c.e,the solar m.nim. and m.xim.,the bac.ground was also evaluated at these two *** results dem.nstrated that the highest instrum.nt bac.ground will oc.ur during solar m.nim. due to the m.in c.ntributing sourc. being Galac.ic.c.sm.c.Rays(Gc.s).It was also found that the open bac.ground was highest for solar m.nim. and that the c.osed bac.ground was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door ac.ing as a sc.ttering c.ntre and the c.anges in the energy flux distribution of the Gc.s between the two solar extrem.s.

关键词： instrum.nt bac.ground X-ray astronom. spac. radiation

c.m.arison of m.thods for deriving phenotypes from.inc.m.lete observation data with an applic.tion to age at puberty in dairy c.ttle

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Journal of Anim.l Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： m.lissa A.Stephen c.ris R.Burke Jennie E.Pryc. Nic.le m.Steele Peter R.Am.r Susanne m.ier c.aire V.c.Phyn Dorian J.Garric. DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae c.ntre for Genetic. and Breeding-m.ssey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agric.lture Vic.oria Researc. AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia Sc.ool of Applied System. Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia Abac.sBio DunedinNew Zealand

Bac.ground m.ny phenotypes in anim.l breeding are derived from.inc.m.lete m.asures,espec.ally if they are c.allenging or expensive to m.asure *** inc.ude tim.-dependent traits suc. as reproduc.ive status,or *** m.asures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subjec. to left-,interval-and rightc.nsoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we c.m.are three m.thods for deriving phenotypes from.inc.m.lete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/m.)in blood plasm. progesterone(AGEP4),whic. generally c.inc.des with onset of puberty,as an exam.le *** We produc.d AGEP4 phenotypes from.three blood sam.les c.llec.ed at about 30-day intervals from.approxim.tely 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey c.oss-bred dairy heifers m.naged in 54 seasonal-c.lving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these ac.ual data to sim.late 7 different visit sc.narios,inc.easing the extent of c.nsoring by disregarding data from.one or two of the three *** m.thods for deriving phenotypes from.these data were explored:1)ordinal c.tegoric.l variables whic. were analysed using c.tegoric.l threshold analysis;2)c.ntinuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-c.nsored phenotypes;and 3)c.ntinuous variables,sam.led from.within a lower and upper bound using a data augm.ntation *** c.edibility intervals for heritability estim.tions overlapped ac.oss all m.thods and visit sc.narios,but estim.ted heritabilities tended to be higher when left c.nsoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the c.rrelations between estim.ted breeding values(EBVs)from.our three-visit sc.nario and eac. reduc.d data sc.nario varied by m.thod,ranging from.0.65 to *** estim.ted breed effec.s also varied by m.thod,but breed differenc.s were sm.ller as phenotype c.nsoring *** Our results indic.te that using

关键词： c.ttle Gibbs sam.ler m.rkov-c.ain m.nte c.rlo(m.m.) Puberty

一种评估非接触水下爆炸对海军复合船体影响的设计方法

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2024年第2期23卷 316-326页

作者： F.m.nnac.o F.Di m.rzo m.Gaiotti c.m.Rizzo m.Venturini Italian Navy Naval Support and Experimentation CentreCSSN Viale S.Bartolomeo40019126 La Spezia(Italy) University of Genova Polytechnic SchoolDITEN Via Montallegro116145 Genova(Italy).

Despite the non-c.ntac. underwater explosion phenom.na(UNDEX)have been studied for dec.des and several num.ric.l m.thods have been proposed in literature,its effec.s on m.litary struc.ures,espec.ally c.m.osite ones,are even nowadays m.tter of *** early design phases,it is not always possible to verify the shoc. resistanc. of hull struc.ures m.delling the whole phenom.non,in whic. fluid,gas and solid properties m.st be properly set in a fully c.upled fluid-struc.ure interac.ion(FSI)num.ric.l *** ones are extrem.ly c.m.lex to set,c.m.utationally dem.nding and c.rtainly not suitable for everyday design *** this paper,a sim.lified finite elem.nt(FE)m.del,easy to use in an early design phase,is ***,the struc.ure and the fluid are *** this approxim.tion,the fluid behaviour is sim.lified,using spec.al finite elem.nts,available in a c.m.erc.al software *** c.oic. reduc.s the c.m.utational tim. and num.ric.l efforts avoiding the problem.of c.m.ining c.m.utational fluid dynam.c.(c.D)and FE dom.ins and equations in a fully c.upled fluid-struc.ure interac.ion m.del.A typic.l parallel body bloc. of a m.nesweeper is m.delled,using two-dim.nsional m.lti-layered shell elem.nts to properly ac.ount for the c.m.osite m.terials *** the fluid instead,three dim.nsional volum.tric.elem.nts,direc.ly c.upled to the struc.ural elem.nts,are *** addition,the sam. c.lc.lation is perform.d,m.delling separately fluid in the c.D environm.nt and struc.ures in the finite elem.nt ***,realizing a fully c.upled fluid-struc.ure interac.ion *** results obtained by applying both num.ric.l m.dels are c.m.ared with the struc.ural response m.asured on board of a c.m.osite ship during a full-sc.le shoc. *** sim.lified proposed proc.dure provides results in satisfac.ory agreem.nt with experim.nts,allowing the validation of the *** are disc.ssed and differenc.s with the real phenom.non and fully c.upled c.D+

关键词： Underwater explosions Shoc. resistanc. c.m.osites Fluid-struc.ure interac.ion Experim.ntal analysis Num.ric.l sim.lation Vulnerability Prelim.nary design

Pair of dyon produc.ion near m.gnetized dyonic.Reissner-Nordstrom.blac. holes

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c.inese Physic. c 2024年第5期48卷 257-271页

作者： Haryanto m.Siahaan Jurusan Fisika Universitas Katolik ParahyanganJalan Ciumbuleuit 94Bandung 40141Indonesia

We investigate the phenom.non of pair produc.ion of m.ssive sc.lar partic.es with m.gnetic.c.arge near the horizon of a m.gnetized dyonic.Reissner-Nordstrom.blac. *** intrinsic.sym.etry between the elec.ric.and m.gnetic.quantities in the Einstein-m.xwell equations suggests that the pair c.n be generated through Hawking radiation and the Sc.winger effec.,provided that the Dirac.quantization c.ndition is satisfied.

关键词： Dyon pair produc.ion blac. hole

Superior antibody and m.m.rane protein‑spec.fic.T‑c.ll responses to c.ronaVac.by intraderm.l versus intram.sc.lar routes in adolesc.nts

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World Journal of Pediatric. 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaim. S.Rosa Duque Sam.el m.S.c.eng c.rolyn A.c.hen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng m. Yuet c.ung Tsun m.ng Lau m.nni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanm.i Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo c.H.Tsang Sara c.aothai Tsz c.un Kwan John K.c.Li Karl c.K.c.an Leo L.H.Luk Jenson c.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Am.s m.T.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam.Sau m.n c.an Wilfred H.S.Wong Issan Y.S.Tam.m.sashi m.ri Sophie A.valkenburg m.lik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Departm.nt of Paediatric. and Adolesc.nt m.dic.ne The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Sc.ool of Public.Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Researc. Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Researc. Institute for Bioresourc.s and Biotec.nology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Departm.nt of m.c.obiology and Im.unology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia c.nter for Im.unology and Infec.ion c.i Hong KongChina

Bac.ground Optim.sing the im.unogenic.ty of c.VID-19 vac.ines to im.rove their protec.ion against disease is *** dosing by intraderm.l(ID)adm.nistration has been shown to be equally im.unogenic.as intram.sc.lar(Im.adm.nistration for several vac.ines,but the im.unogenic.ty of ID inac.ivated whole severe ac.te respiratory syndrom. c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2)at the full dose is *** study(Nc.04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-c.ll responses of full-dose c.ronaVac.by ID over Im.adm.nistration in *** Partic.pants aged 11–17 years rec.ived two doses of Im.or ID vac.ine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and c.llular im.unogenic.ty outc.m.s were m.asured post-dose 2(Im.c. versus ID-c.)and post-dose 3(Im.c. versus ID-c.c..Doses 2 and 3 were adm.nistered to 173 and 104 adolesc.nts,*** Spike protein(S)im.unoglobulin G(IgG),S-rec.ptor-binding dom.in(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fc.rec.ptor IIIa(Fc.RIIIa)-binding,SNm.sum.of individual(S),nuc.eoc.psid protein(N),and m.m.rane protein(m.peptide pool]-spec.fic.interleukin-2(IL-2)+c.4^(+),SNm.spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.8^(+),S-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.8^(+),N-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.4^(+),N-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.8^(+)and m.spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior c.iteria for ID-c. c.m.ared to Im.c.,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-c.c.S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduc.ion neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,S IgG avidity,S IgG Fc.RIIIa-binding,m.spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.4^(+),interferon-γ+c.8^(+)and IL-2^(+)c.8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estim.ted vac.ine effic.c.es were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for Im.c.,ID-c.,Im.c.c.and ID-c.c.*** ID groups reported m.re loc.l,m.ld adverse *** This is the first study to dem.nstrate superior antibody and m.spec.fic.T-c.ll responses by ID inac.ivated SARSc.V-2 vac.ination and serves as the basis for future researc. to im.rove the

关键词： c.ronaVac c.ronavirus disease 2019 Im.unity Intraderm.l Vac.ine

Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： Robert J. Lasc.no Tim.thy S. Goebel Dennis c. Gitz III John E. Stout c.opping System. Researc. Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland c.tton produc.ion in m.rtin c.unty, Texas, m.asuring c.tton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to c.llec. rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selec.ion of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the c.st of using, for exam.le, a tipping buc.et-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searc.ed for an alternative m.thod. We selec.ed an all-in-one c.m.erc.ally available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objec.ive was to evaluate average m.asurem.nts of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to c.m.are these to m.asurem.nts obtained with an autom.tic.weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m.of the Plant Stress and Water c.nservation m.teorologic.l Tower that was used as our AWS, loc.ted at USDA-ARS c.opping System. Researc. Laboratory, Lubboc., TX. In addition, we m.asured and c.m.ared hourly average values of short-wave irradianc. (Rg), air tem.erature (Tair) and relative hum.dity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and c.lc.lated values of dewpoint tem.erature (Tdew). This c.m.arison was done over a 242-day period (1 Oc.ober 2022-31 m.y 2023) and results indic.ted that there was no statistic.l differenc. in m.asurem.nts of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rg m.asured with the PWS and AWS agreed on c.ear days, but PWS m.asurem.nts were higher on c.oudy days. There was no statistic.l differenc. between PWS and AWS hourly average m.asurem.nts of Tair, RH, and c.lc.lated Tdew. Hourly average m.asurem.nts of Rg and WS were m.re variable. We c.nc.uded that the PWS we selec.ed will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to m.et our goal of evaluating dryland c.tton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Autom.tion Sensors c.tizen Weather Station m.sonet Rainfall Weather Variables

Endosc.pic.ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed c.inic.lly signific.nt portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & c.rrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerom. c.Edelson Sc.tt F.D.Edelson John G.Quiles c.rus V.Edelson Eric.m.m.ntm.ny c.ristian L.Horn John P.m.gulic. Don c.Roc.ey Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Departm.nt of m.dic.ne Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Departm.nt of m.dic.ne Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of c.ok c.unty ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Researc. c.nter Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aim.:Portal hypertension(PH)is a c.m.lic.tion of c.rrhosis that leads to hepatic.*** the portal pressure gradient(PPG)provides valuable inform.tion for disease assessm.nt,staging,and *** this study,we aim.d to report the utilization of endosc.pic.ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)m.asurem.nts in a real-world ***:This retrospec.ive analysis inc.uded patients at a tertiary c.re c.nter who underwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and m.y *** m.st c.m.on indic.tion was to establish or exc.ude the diagnosis of c.rrhosis,followed by an assessm.nt of surgic.l risk in the setting of suspec.ed *** dem.graphic.and c.inic.l data were c.llec.ed,and statistic.l analysis was perform.d using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** suc.ess was ac.ieved in 17 of the 18 *** c.m.lic.tions were *** m.an sc.res of c.ild-Pugh,m.del for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium.and Fibrosis-4 sc.res were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varic.s and six with portal hypertensive *** m.an PPG was 5.8±4.5 m.Hg,and five patients exhibited c.inic.lly signific.nt PH(c.PH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent c.nc.rrent EUS-liver biopsy,whic. was 100%suc.essful and provided diagnostic.histology for all *** PPG data led to c.anges in the c.inic.l m.nagem.nt of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and tec.nic.lly *** c.ild-Pugh sc.re did not c.rrelate well with the presenc. of c.PH;however,PPG m.asurem.nts resulted in c.anges in the m.nagem.nt of alm.st all *** studies c.rrelating EUS-PPG with other assessm.nts of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient

c.llaborative Efforts and Strategies for c.olera Outbreak c.ntrol in Garissa c.unty, Kenya: Im.lem.ntation of Water Quality m.nitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resourc. and Protec.ion 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： m.c.ael Habtu m.rk Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid m. Noor Joel m.tyandia m.li Alan m.ika Julius Wekesa Ahm.d Fidhow Diba Dulac.a Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie c.nteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia c.ene Aden H. Ibrahim.Ahm.d Nadhir Om.r m.rtins c. Livinus Abdourahm.ne Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resourc.s Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agenc. for Health Dijon France

A m.lti-fac.ted c.se Area Targeted Intervention (c.TI) approac. em.hasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral c.olera Vac.ine (Oc.) c.m.aign was em.loyed to respond to the outbreak of c.olera in Garissa c.unty. Drinking water sourc.s in areas heavily im.ac.ed by c.olera were system.tic.lly m.pped and tested for m.c.obiologic.l quality. The quality assessm.nt was c.rried out in April 2023 during an ongoing c.olera outbreak in the c.unty. A total of 109 sam.les were c.llec.ed and tested for therm.tolerant c.liform. and other in situ param.ters. The finding revealed that m.re than 87% of the sam.les did not m.et the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for therm.tolerant c.liform.;and 30% had turbidity values above the rec.m.ended threshold values. None of the 109 sam.les had any trac.able residual c.lorine. Following these findings, the c.unty governm.nt im.lem.nted the targeted interventions whic. resulted in a positive im.ac. in the fight against c.olera. The WHO supported key interventions whic. inc.uded c.pac.ty building in water quality m.nitoring and prepositioning of c.itic.l WASH c.m.odities to the c.olera affec.ed areas.

关键词： c.olera Drinking Water Household Water Treatm.nt Kenya