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Impacts of hydropower-induced flow alterations on composition and diversity of riparian vegetation in the Western Himalayas: A case study in Uttarakhand, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1272-1286页

作者： Dharmveer KAINTURA Sabyasachi DASGUPTA Dhanpal Singh chauhan Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal 246174India Tripura University SuryamaninagarAgartala 799022India

The increasing demand for water and energy resources has led to widespread dam construction,particularly in ecologically sensitive regions like the Himalayan Range.This study focuses on the Uttarakhand state in the Western Himalayas,where hydroelectric projects(HEPs)have significantly altered river flow regimes.The research investigates the impact of flow alterations on the composition and structure of riparian vegetation in the Garhwal Himalayas,specifically analysing four rivers regulated by hydroelectric projects.Utilizing the paired-reach comparison method,control(undisturbed),diverted(downstream of barrage/dam),and altered flow conditions(downstream of water outlet)were examined.The research reveals diverse and unique riparian ecosystems,with 89 genera and 113 taxa identified,showcasing the dominance of families like Asteraceae and Lamiaceae.The study unveils the structural importance of key species such as Berberis asiatica and Artemisia nilagirica.The density,diversity,and richness of shrub and herb species vary significantly across flow conditions.Notably,altered flow conditions demonstrate resilience in vegetation structure,while diverted conditions exhibit decreased species richness and density.The study emphasizes the importance of nuanced environmental flow management for mitigating adverse effects on riparian biodiversity in the fragile Himalayan region.These findings contribute to the global discourse on dam impacts and riparian ecology,shedding light on the complexities of this dynamic relationship in a vulnerable ecosystem.

关键词： Dam construction Water stress Western Himalayas Disturbed flow regimes Riparian ecosystem

Fractal analysis of major faults and fractal dimension of lineaments in the Indo-Gangetic Plain on a regional scale

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Earthquake Science 2024年第2期37卷 107-121页

作者： Vipin chauhan Jagabandhu Dixit Disaster Management Laboratory Shiv Nadar UniversityDelhi NCRGautam Buddha NagarUttar Pradesh 201314India

The Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP)is one of the most seismically vulnerable areas due to its proximity to the Himalayas.Geographic information system(GIS)-based seismic characterization of the IGP was performed based on the degree of deformation and fractal dimension.The zone between the Main Boundary Thrust(MBT)and the Main Central Thrust(MCT)in the Himalayan Mountain Range(HMR)experienced large variations in earthquake magnitude,which were identified by Number-Size(NS)fractal modeling.The central IGP zone experienced only moderate to low mainshock levels.Fractal analysis of earthquake epicenters reveals a large scattering of earthquake epicenters in the HMR and central IGP zones.Similarly,the fault fractal analysis identifies the HMR,central IGP,and south-western IGP zones as having more faults.Overall,the seismicity of the study region is strong in the central IGP,south-western IGP,and HMR zones,moderate in the western and southern IGP,and low in the northern,eastern,and south-eastern IGP zones.

关键词： geospatial analysis fractal modeling seismicity pattern fractal dimension

Mineralogy and geochemistry of trachytic rocks from the Lichi Volcanics, Eastern Himalaya: insights into the Kerguelen mantle plume activity in the Eastern Himalayan Region

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 180-197页

作者： Pallabi Basumatary Deepshikha Borah Hiredya chauhan Tribujjal Prakash Bibhuti Gogoi Department of Geology Cotton UniversityGuwahatiAssam 781001India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology DehradunUttarakhand 248001India

The Lichi volcanics are a suite of mafic-intermediate-felsic rocks and are considered coeval with the Abor volcanics(~132 Ma) of the Siang window in the Eastern Himalaya. Here, we present the first report of trachytic rocks from the Lichi volcanics, which are exposed in the Ranga valley, along the Kimin-Yazali road section in the Eastern Himalayan Region, Northeast India. The trachytes occur in close association with sandstones of the Gondwana Group of rocks and are characterised based on field, petrographical, and geochemical investigations.These fine-grained trachytes are composed of alkali feldspar, biotite, plagioclase, sodic-amphibole, apatite, illmenite, and titanite. The REE profiles of the evolved trachytic rocks(higher SiO_(2)content) display fractionated trends. The fractionation of accessory mineral phases, like apatite and titanite, was possibly responsible for the strongly fractionated REE patterns of the evolved samples.The trachytic rocks demonstrate high apatite saturation temperatures of 988 ± 14 ℃(1σ, n = 8). The Aluminium Saturation Index(< 1.1) and binary discrimination diagrams of these peralkaline trachytes define their affinity with A-type granitoids. Elemental ratios like Y/Nb, Nb/U,and Ce/Pb signify that the Lichi trachytes are differentiated products of mantle-derived ocean island basalts. Trace elemental discrimination diagrams Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb, Y versus Nb, and Y + Nb versus Rb reflect a within-plate tectonic regime for the trachytes. From the results presented in this work, we infer that the development of rifting events during the breakup of eastern Gondwana due to the onset of Kerguelen plume activity further led to underplating of basic magma in lower crustal levels. These parental basaltic magmas underwent fractionation processes forming differentiated trachyandesites and trachytes.Taking into consideration the similarities recorded between the Lichi volcanics and Abor volcanics, this study supports the idea that Kerguelen plume activities resulted in the emplacement of these vo

关键词： Peralkaline trachytes Trachyandesites A-type granitoids Apatite saturation temperature Abor volcanics Eastern Gondwana

Photonic properties and applications of multi-functional organo-lanthanide complexes:Recent advances

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 16-27,I0001页

作者： Virender Archana chauhan Ashwani Kumar Gurjaspreet Singh Alexander A.Solovev Jichuan Xiong Xuefeng Liu Brij Mohan Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University KurukshetraKurukshetra136119India Aggarwal College Ballabhgarh121004Department of Higher EducationHaryanaIndia Department of Chemistry&Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab UniversityChandigarh160014India Department of Materials Science Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei UniversityXiamen361021China

Lanthanides(Ln(Ⅲ))based compounds as light-emitting materials have emerged as successful agents in high-performance defense and lighting systems,magnets,bio-markers,and circuitry.Therefore,they have recently gained much attention as energy-saving and cost-effective luminescent materials and their applications in analyte detection.The present review summarizes powerful features and recent developments of organo-lanthanide complexes in lighting applications with a particular focus on visible light emitters,including Eu(Ⅲ),Tb(Ⅲ),Sm(Ⅲ),and Dy(Ⅲ)ions.In addition,this review discusses the most relevant aspects of photosensitization,such as the structure,property,functionalization of primary and secondary ligands,and molecular geometry.In addition,coordination sites of organo-lanthanide complexes and their applications collectively contribute to the improved performance of innovative luminescent materials.Finally,the current challenges and key recommendations for advancing organolanthanides in material science are provided.

关键词： Lanthanides Organometallic Luminescent Lifetime OLED Rare earths

Targeting colorectal cancer using dietary flavonols

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第1期3卷 124-132页

作者： Nitin Dubey Nidhi Dubey Upendra Bhadoria Kamal Shah Nagendra Singh chauhan IPS Academy College of Pharmacy IndoreMadhya PradeshIndia School of Pharmacy Devi Ahilya VishwavidyalayaIndoreMadhya PradeshIndia Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA UniversityMathuraUttar PradeshIndia Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra RaipurChhattisgarhIndia

Colorectal cancer is among the well-known forms of cancer and a prominent cause of cancer demises worldwide.In vitro experiments reinforced by animal studies,as well as epidemiological studies of human colorectal cancer propose that the growth of this disease can be moderated by eating aspects.Dietary intake including green vegetables and fruits may result in the reduction of colon cancer chances.The finding suggests that the combinations of dietary nutrients may deliver additive or synergistic effects and might be a powerful method to avoid or eradicate colon cancer beginning and/or development.Flavonols are one of the most widespread dietary nutrients of the polyphenols-flavonoids and major constituent of Allium and Brassicaceae vegetables.Flavonols present in vegetables of Allium and Brassicaceae family are kaempferol,myricetin,quercetin,and isorhamnetin.These flavonols are claimed to have antiproliferative activity in vivo and in vitro against colorectal cancer.The objective of this review is to summarize the role of flavonols obtained from dietary sources in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

关键词： isorhamnetin kaempferol myricetin quercetin

Targeting brain tumors with innovative nanocarriers:bridging the gap through the blood-brain barrier

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 877-897页

作者： KARAN WADHWA PAYAL chauhan SHOBHIT KUMAR RAKESH PAHWA RAVINDER VERMA RAJAT GOYAL GOVIND SINGH ARCHANA SHARMA NEHA RAO DEEPAK KAUSHIK Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak124001India Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology(MIET)NH-58Delhi-Roorkee HighwayMeerut250005India Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra136119India Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chaudhary Bansi Lal UniversityBhiwani127021India MM College of Pharmacy Maharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Mullana-AmbalaHaryana133207India Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University(DIPSAR) Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew Delhi110017India

Background:Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is recognized as the most lethal and most highly invasive tumor.The high likelihood of treatment failure arises fromthe presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and stemcells around GBM,which avert the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumormass.Objective:Recently,several researchers have designed novel nanocarrier systems like liposomes,dendrimers,metallic nanoparticles,nanodiamonds,and nanorobot approaches,allowing drugs to infiltrate the BBB more efficiently,opening up innovative avenues to prevail over therapy problems and radiation therapy.Methods:Relevant literature for this manuscript has been collected from a comprehensive and systematic search of databases,for example,PubMed,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and others,using specific keyword combinations,including“glioblastoma,”“brain tumor,”“nanocarriers,”and several others.Conclusion:This review also provides deep insights into recent advancements in nanocarrier-based formulations and technologies for GBM management.Elucidation of various scientific advances in conjunction with encouraging findings concerning the future perspectives and challenges of nanocarriers for effective brain tumor management has also been discussed.

关键词： Glioblastoma Brain tumor Blood-brain barrier Liposomes Metallic nanoparticles Nanocarriers

Advancements in nanotechnology for the delivery of phytochemicals

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 385-398页

作者： Divya chauhan Pavan K.Yadav Nazneen Sultana Arun Agarwal Saurabh Verma Manish K.Chourasia Jiaur R.Gayen Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Central Drug Research Institute Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research

Phytosomes(phytophospholipid complex) are dosage forms that have recently been introduced to increase the stability and therapeutic effect of herbal medicine. Currently, bioactive herbs and the phytochemicals they contain are considered to be the best remedies for chronic diseases. One promising approach to increase the efficacy of plant-based therapies is to improve the stability and bioavailability of their bio-active ingredients. Phytosomes employ phospholipids as their active ingredients, and use their amphiphilic properties to solubilize and protect herbal extracts. The unique properties of phospholipids in drug delivery and their use in herbal medicines to improve bioavailability results in significantly enhanced health benefits. The introduction of phytosome nanotechnology can alter and revolutionize the current state of drug delivery. The goal of this review is to explain the application of phytosomes, their future prospects in drug delivery, and their advantages over conventional formulations.

关键词： Bioavailability Drug delivery system Phytochemical Phytosome Plant extracts

Cancer treatment with biosimilar drugs:A review

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第2期3卷 45-62页

作者： Shilpa Malakar Emmanuel Nuah Gontor Moses YDugbaye Kamal Shah Sakshi Sinha Priya Sutaoney Nagendra Singh chauhan Department of Microbiology Kalinga UniversityRaipurChhattisgarhIndia Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA UniversityMathuraUttar PradeshIndia Drug Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan KendraRaipurChhattisgarhIndia

Biosimilars are biological drugs created from living organisms or that contain living components.They share an identical amino-acid sequence and immunogenicity.These drugs are considered to be cost-effective and are utilized in the treatment of cancer and other endocrine disorders.The primary aim of biosimilars is to predict biosimilarity,efficacy,and treatment costs;they are approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)and have no clinical implications.They involve analytical studies to understand the similarities and dissimilarities.A biosimilar manufacturer sets up FDA-approved reference products to evaluate biosimilarity.The contribution of next-generation sequencing is evolving to study the organ tumor and its progression with its impactful therapeutic approach on cancer patients to showcase and target rare mutations.The study shall help to understand the future perspectives of biosimilars for use in gastro-entero-logic diseases,colorectal cancer,and thyroid cancer.They also help target specific organs with essential mutational categories and drug prototypes in clinical practices with blood and liquid biopsy,cell treatment,gene therapy,recombinant therapeutic proteins,and personalized medications.Biosimilar derivatives such as monoclonal antibodies like trastuzumab and rituximab are common drugs used in cancer therapy.Escherichia coli produces more than six antibodies or antibody-derived proteins to treat cancer such as filgrastim,epoetin alfa,and so on.

关键词： biologics biosimilars cancer Escherichia coli monoclonal antibody next-generation sequencing pharmacovigilance

Elevated cardiovascular risk and acute events in hospitalized colon cancer survivors:A decade-apart study of two nationwide cohorts

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 548-553页

作者： Rupak Desai Avilash Mondal Vivek Patel Sandeep Singh Shaylika chauhan Akhil Jain Independent Researcher AtlantaGA 30079United States Department of Internal Medicine Nazareth HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19152United States Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bio-informaticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam 7057Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine Geisinger Health SystemWikes-BarrePA 18702United States Division of Leukemia The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77079United States

BACKGROUND Over the years,strides in colon cancer detection and treatment have boosted survival rates;yet,post-colon cancer survival entails cardiovascular disease(CVD)risks.Research on CVD risks and acute cardiovascular events in colorectal cancer survivors has been limited.AIM To compare the CVD risk and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in current colon cancer survivors compared to a decade ago.METHODS We analyzed 2007 and 2017 hospitalization data from the National Inpatient Sample,studying two colon cancer survivor groups for CVD risk factors,mortality rates,and major adverse events like pulmonary embolism,arrhythmia,cardiac arrest,and stroke,adjusting for confounders via multivariable regression analysis.RESULTS Of total colon cancer survivors hospitalized in 2007(n=177542)and 2017(n=178325),the 2017 cohort often consisted of younger(76 vs 77 years),male,African-American,and Hispanic patients admitted non-electively vs the 2007 cohort.Furthermore,the 2017 cohort had higher rates of smoking,alcohol abuse,drug abuse,coagulopathy,liver disease,weight loss,and renal failure.Patients in the 2017 cohort also had higher rates of cardiovascular comorbidities,including hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,obesity,peripheral vascular disease,congestive heart failure,and at least one traditional CVD(P<0.001)vs the 2007 cohort.On adjusted multivariable analysis,the 2017 cohort had a significantly higher risk of pulmonary embolism(PE)(OR:1.47,95%CI:1.37-1.48),arrhythmia(OR:1.41,95%CI:1.38-1.43),atrial fibrillation/flutter(OR:1.61,95%CI:1.58-1.64),cardiac arrest including ventricular tachyarrhythmia(OR:1.63,95%CI:1.46-1.82),and stroke(OR:1.28,95%CI:1.22-1.34)with comparable all-cause mortality and fewer routine discharges(48.4%vs 55.0%)(P<0.001)vs the 2007 cohort.CONCLUSION Colon cancer survivors hospitalized 10 years apart in the United States showed an increased CVD risk with an increased risk of acute cardiovascular events(stroke 28%,PE 47%,arrhythmia 41%,and cardiac arrest 63%).It is vital to regularly screen colon can

关键词： Colon cancer Colorectal cancer Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular disease risk Cardiac events Stroke