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Alzheimer’s Disease Aβ-Amyloid Plaque Morphology Varies According to APOE Isotype

World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第3期13卷 118-133页

作者： Ina Caesar K. Peter R. Nilsson Per Hammarström Mikael Lindgren Stefan Prokop James Schmeidler vahram haroutunian David M. Holtzman Patrick R. Hof Sam Gandy Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Link&#246ping University Link&#246ping Sweden Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Department of Neuropathology Charité Universit&#228tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA James J. Peters VA Medical Center Bronx NY USA Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Neurology Hope Center for Neurological Disorders Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Washington University St. Louis MO USA Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE, gene;apoE, protein) ε4 allele is the most commonly identified genetic risk factor for typical late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Each APOE ε4 allele roughly triples the relative risk for AD compared to that of the reference allele, APOE ε3. Methods: We have employed hyperspectral fluorescence imaging with an amyloid-specific, conformation-sensing probe, p-FTAA, to elucidate protein aggregate structure and morphology in fresh frozen prefrontal cortex samples from human postmortem AD brain tissue samples from patients homozygous for either APOE ε3 or APOE ε4. Results: As expected APOE ε4/ε4 tissues had a significantly larger load of CAA than APOE ε3/ε3. APOE isoform-dependent morphological differences in amyloid plaques were also observed. Amyloid plaques in APOE ε3/ε3 tissue had small spherical cores and large coronas while amyloid plaques in APOE ε4/ε4 tissues had large irregular and multi-lobulated plaques with relatively smaller coronas. Despite the different morphologies of their cores, the p-FTAA stained APOE ε3/ε3 amyloid plaque cores had spectral properties identical to those of APOE ε4/ε4 plaque cores. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that one mechanism by which the APOE ε4 allele affects AD is by modulating the macrostructure of pathological protein deposits in the brain. APOE ε4 is associated with a higher density of amyloid plaques (as compared to APOE ε3). We speculate that multilobulated APOE ε4-associated plaques arise from multiple initiation foci that coalesce as the plaques grow.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid Apolipoprotein Luminescent Conjugated Oligothiophenes Hyperspectral Separation

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Spin transport in a Zigzag normal/ferromagnetic graphene junction

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第5期24卷 514-518页

作者：史豪晟 vahram L.Grigoryan Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University

We study magnetic proximity effect induced low-energy spin transport in the normal/ferromagnetic junction of a semi-infinite zigzag graphene nanoribbon. Due to the absence of a spin flip in a single interface, the spin transfer in this model can be described by the ＂two-spin channel＂ model. We identify each spin channel as either a perfect conducting or a non-conducting channel. This feature leads to spin filter in symmetric zigzag graphene nanoribbon and spin precession in antisymmetric zigzag graphene nanoribbon, and helps to directly determine the exchange-splitting intensity directly, even without an external auxiliary bias.

关键词： graphene junction spin filter spin transfer torque magnetic proximity effect

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Alzheimer’s Disease Aβ -Amyloid Plaque Morphology Varies According to APOE Isotype

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World Journal of Neuroscience（神经科学国际期刊） 2023年第3期

作者： Ina Caesar K. Peter R. Nilsson Per Hammarström Mikael Lindgren Stefan Prokop James Schmeidler vahram haroutunian David M. Holtzman Patrick R. Hof Sam Gandy

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Non-Invasive Approach to Early Diagnosis of the Formation of Oncological Neoplasms

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2023年第4期14卷 202-210页

作者： Rafik Sargsyan Gagik Karamyan Luiza Simonyan Armen Manukyan vahram Sargsyan LA Orbeli Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia Erevan USA

The currently developed instrumental approaches for detecting pathological changes in the body have a number of disadvantages. The most important of them is that the equipment is sensitive to the detection of diseases only from a certain threshold level of destructive changes in the body. The present article discusses the possibility of using the new instrumental complex “Bioscope” for early and non-invasive diagnosis of the beginning of the formation of ontological neoplasm’s in the body.

关键词： Cancer Early Non-Invasive Diagnostic Bioscope

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Optical Spectrometer with Acousto-Optical Dynamic Grating for Guillermo Haro Astrophysical Observatory

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第4期3卷 376-384页

作者： Alexandre S. Shcherbakov Adán Omar Arellanes vahram Chavushyan National Institute for Astrophysics Optics & Electronics (INAOE) Puebla Mexico

Optical spectrometer of the Guillermo Haro astrophysical observatory (Mexico) realizes investigations in the visible and near-infrared range 350 - 800 nm and exploits mechanically removable traditional static diffraction gratings as dispersive elements. There is a set of the static gratings with slit-densities 150 - 600 lines/mm and optical apertures 9 cm × 9 cm that provide the first order spectral resolution from 0.8 to 3.2 A/pixel, respectively. However, the needed mechanical manipulations, namely, replacing the static diffraction gratings with various resolutions and following recalibration of spectrometer within studying even the same object are practically inconvenient and lead to wasting rather expensive observation time. We suggest exploiting an acousto-optical cell, i.e. the dynamic diffraction grating tunable electronically, as dispersive element in that spectrometer. Involving the acousto-optical technique, which can potentially provide electronic control over the spectral resolution and the range of observations, leads to eliminating the abovementioned demerits and improving the efficiency of analysis.

关键词： Optical Spectrometer Acousto-Optical Cell Dynamic Diffraction Grating Acousto-Optical Material Schematic Arrangement Spectral Resolution Efficiency of Spectrum Analysis

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High-Resolution Broadband Millimeter-Wave Astrophysical Spectrometer with Triple Product Acousto-Optical Processor

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第4期3卷 421-430页

作者： Miguel Chavez Dagostino Alexandre S. Shcherbakov Adan Omar Arellanes vahram Chavushyan National Institute for Astrophysics Optics & Electronics (INAOE) Puebla Mexico

An advanced conceptual design of a high-bit-rate triple product acousto-optical processor is presented that can be applied in a number of astrophysical problems. We briefly describe the Large Millimeter Telescope as one of the potential observational infrastructures where the acousto-optical spectrometer can be successfully used. A summary on the study of molecular gas in relatively old (age > 10 Myr) disks around main sequence stars is provided. We have identified this as one of the science cases in which the proposed processor can have a big impact. Then we put forward triple product acousto-optical processor is able to realize algorithm of the space-and-time integrating, which is desirable for a wideband spectrum analysis of radio-wave signals with an improved resolution providing the resolution power of about 105 - 106. It includes 1D-acousto-optic cells as the input devices for a 2D-optical data processing. The importance of this algorithm is based on exploiting the chirp Z-transform technique providing a 2D-Fourier transform of the input signals. The system produces the folded spectrum, accumulating advantages of both space and time integrating. Its frequency bandwidth is practically equal to the bandwidth of transducers inherent in acousto-optical cells. Then, similar processor is able to provide really high frequency resolution, which is practically equal to the reciprocal of the CCD-matrix photo-detector integration time. Here, the current state of developing the triple product acousto-optical processor in frames of the astrophysical instrumentation is shortly discussed.

关键词： Astrophysical Instrumentation Radio-Astronomy Millimeter-Wave Spectrometer Space-and-Time Integrating Acousto-Optical Devices Optical Processing System

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Non-Invasive Approach to Early Diagnosis of the Formation of Oncological Neoplasms

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Journal of Cancer Therapy（癌症治疗） 2023年第4期

作者： Rafik Sargsyan Gagik Karamyan Luiza Simonyan Armen Manukyan vahram Sargsyan

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