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Unsynchronized butyrophilin molecules dictate cancer cell evasion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell killing

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 362-373页

作者： Zeguang Wu Qiezhong Lamao Meichao Gu Xuanxuan Jin Ying Liu Feng Tian Ying Yu pengfei Yuan Shuaixin Gao Thomas S.Fulford Adam p.Uldrich catherine c.L Wong Wensheng Wei Biomedical pioneering Innovation center Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking University Genome Editing Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking University100871BeijingChina EdiGene Inc. Life Science ParkChangping District102206BeijingChina center for precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research Peking University Health Science CenterPeking University100191BeijingChina Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia cancer Immunology program Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia State Key Laboratory for complex Severe and Rare DiseasesClinical Research InstitutePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegePeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences100871BeijingChina

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are specialized effector cells that have gained prominence as immunotherapy agents due to their ability to target and kill cells with altered pyrophosphate *** our effort to understand how cancer cells evade the cell-killing activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells,we performed a comprehensive genome-scale cRISpR screening of cancer *** found that four molecules belonging to the butyrophilin(BTN)family,specifically BTN2A1,BTN3A1,BTN3A2,and BTN3A3,are critically important and play unique,nonoverlapping roles in facilitating the destruction of cancer cells by primary Vγ9Vδ2 T *** coordinated function of these BTN molecules was driven by synchronized gene expression,which was regulated by IFN-γsignaling and the RFX ***,an enzyme called QpcTL was shown to play a key role in modifying the N-terminal glutamine of these BTN proteins and was found to be a crucial factor in Vγ9Vδ2 T cell killing of cancer *** our research,we offer a detailed overview of the functional genomic mechanisms that underlie how cancer cells escape Vγ9Vδ2 T ***,our findings shed light on the importance of the harmonized expression and function of gene family members in modulating T-cell activity.

关键词： Butyrophilin Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell cancer-specific immune evasion Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like pyrophosphate metabolite Immunotherapy

Optimization of bio-oil production parameters from the pyrolysis of elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum) using response surface methodology

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clean Energy 2024年第5期8卷 241-251页

作者： Sunday c.Ikpeseni Samuel O.Sada Ufuoma J.Efetobor Henry O.Orugba Mathias Ekpu Hilary I.Owamah Jeremiah L.chukwuneke Solomon Oyebisi Uche p.Onochie Department of Mechanical Engineering Delta State UniversityP.M.B.1AbrakaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Delta State PolytechnicP.M.B.3Otefe-OgharaNigeria Department of chemical Engineering Delta State UniversityP.M.B.1AbrakaNigeria Department of civil Engineering Delta State UniversityP.M.B.1AbrakaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityP.M.B.2025AwkaNigeria Department of civil Engineering Covenant UniversityP.M.B.1023OttaNigeria Department of civil Engineering The University of the South PacificP.M.B.9072SuvaFiji Department of Mechanical Engineering Delta State University of Science and TechnologyP.M.B.5OzoroNigeria

The need to increase bio-oil yield from biomass and enhance its fuel properties has driven research into optimizing the pyrolysis *** study investigated the influence of three key process parameters—temperature,heating rate,and nitrogen flow rate—on the pyrolysis of elephant grass(pennisetum purpureum)in a fixed-bed *** surface methodology was used to study the im-pact of the aforementioned variables on bio-oil yield to improve its production *** analysis of the biomass revealed 79.24 wt%volatile matter,14.22 wt%fixed carbon,and 5.86%ash,with ultimate analysis showing 45.44%carbon,5.59%hydrogen,and 40.95%*** high volatile matter content and favourable carbon and hydrogen percentages indicate that elephant grass is a vi-able energy source due to its potential for high bio-oil yield and energy *** resulting bio-oil exhibited a higher heating value of 20.9 MJ/kg,indicating its suitability for various heating applications.A second-order regression model was developed for bio-oil yield,with optimal conditions identified as a temperature of 550°c,a heating rate of 17°c/min,and a nitrogen flow rate of 6 ml/*** study achieved an optimal bio-oil yield of 59.03 wt%,and the model’s high R²value of 0.8683 from analysis of variance analysis confirmed its predictive *** research highlights elephant grass as a sustainable feedstock for bio-oil production,offering valuable insights into optimizing pyrolysis conditions to enhance bio-oil yield,thus advancing biofuel technology.

关键词： renewable energy biomass sustainable feedstock regression model fixed-bed reactor

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第4期46卷 83-83页

作者： Gross cp From the Robert Wood Johnson clinical Scholars program Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore (C.P.G. G.F.A. N.R.P.) and the Department of Health policy and Management (G.F.A. N.R.P.) the Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research (N.R.P.) and the Department of Epidemiology (N.R.P.) Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore.

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for ***:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.

关键词： funding burden relation

Dynamical system analysis of Dirac-Born-Infeld scalar field cosmology in coincident f(Q)gravity

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chinese physics c 2024年第9期48卷 199-209页

作者： Sayantan Ghosh Raja Solanki p.K.Sahoo Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of Technology and Science-PilaniHyderabad CampusHyderabad-500078India

In this article,we present a dynamical system analysis of a Dirac-Born-Infeld scalar field in a modified f(Q)gravity *** considered a polynomial form of modified gravity,used two different types of scalar potential,polynomial and exponential,and found a closed autonomous dynamical system of *** analyzed the fixed points of such a system and evaluated the conditions under which deceleration to late-time acceleration occurs in this *** note the similarity of the two models and show that our result is consistent with a previous study on Einstein s *** also investigated the phenomenological implications of our models by plotting EoS(ω),energy density(Ω),and deceleration parameter(q)*** e-fold time and comparing to the present *** conclude the paper by observing how the dynamical system analysis differs in the modified f(Q)gravity,and present the future scope of our research.

关键词： Dirac-Born-Infeld field f(Q)gravity dark energy dynamical system analysis

Teachers’ perceptions of the challenges and Strategies in Supporting Students with Reading Difficulties

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Journal of contemporary Educational Research 2024年第8期8卷 238-252页

作者： Kristel p.a.c.yde Ma.Leticia Jose c.Basilan Rizal college of Taal Taal BatangasBatangasPhilippines DepEd Batangas province BatangasPhilippines Batangas State University BatangasPhilippines

The purpose of this study is to determine the teacher’s perceptions of the challenges and strategies in supporting students with reading *** study used qualitative method of research and descriptive approach as its research design,in addition to a set of structured interview questions administered through Google Forms to gather data from elementary teachers of Taal central School,located at Taal *** structured interview questions were carefully designed to cover various dimensions of the study,including the types of challenges perceived by teachers,strategies employed,and possible solutions for addressing the problems encountered in the process of supporting students with reading *** results revealed that teachers faced several challenges when teaching students with reading difficulties such as emotional and motivational issues/factors,lack of resources or teaching aids,deficits in knowledge and skills,and problems with student engagement and *** study also showed common approaches utilized by the teachers in supporting students with reading difficulties,which were fostering a positive and supportive environment,adopting individualized and multifaceted approaches,and utilizing effective teaching tools and ***,teachers also concluded varied solutions in addressing the challenges perceived in teaching students with reading difficulties towards fostering reading *** include developing peer support,use of positive reinforcement,and parental ***,specialized resources,professional development for teachers,and specific teaching strategies are also highlighted as crucial *** integrating these approaches,teachers concluded that it can create a supportive and effective learning environment tailored to the needs of students with reading difficulties.

关键词： Reading difficulties Supportive environment positive reinforcement parental involvement professional development

Synthesis of coral-like structures of pr-Yb co-doped YIG: Structural,optical, magnetic and antimicrobial properties

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 543-554,I0004页

作者： A.Fernandez Francisca p.Araujo Y.Guerra S.castro-Lopes J.Matilla-Arias Idglan S.de Lima Edson c.Silva-Filho Josy A.Osajima F.Guerrero R.pena-Garcia Federal University of piau Graduate Program in Materials Science and EngineeringTeresinaPIBrazil Federal Rural University of pernambuco Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo AgostinhoCabo de Santo AgostinhoPEBrazil Federal University of piaui Department of PhysicTeresinaPBrazil Federal University of pernambuco Graduate Program in Materials ScienceRecifePEBrazil University of Granma Departmentof Basic Sciences and Applied InformaticsFaculty of Technical SciencesBayamoCuba Federal University of Amazonas Department of PhysicManausAMBrazil Federal University of pernambuco Department of PhysicRecifePEBrazil

coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.

关键词： Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) coral-like structures Rare earths Band gap energy Magnetic properties Antimicrobial properties

A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 277-291页

作者： I.A.O.Beeren G.Dos Santos p.J.Dijkstra c.Mota J.Bauer H.Ferreira Rui L.Reis N.Neves S.camarero-Espinosa M.B.Baker L.Moroni Department of complex Tissue Regeneration MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ER MaastrichtThe Netherlands 3B’s Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal IcVS/3B’s-pT Government Associate Laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal pOLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

Melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing(ME-AM)is a promising technique to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engi-neering ***,most synthetic semicrystalline polymers do not possess the intrinsic biological activity required to control cell *** of biomolecules on polymeric surfaces of AM scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of a construct;however,there are limited strategies available to control the surface ***,we report a strategy to tune the surface density of bioactive groups by blending a low molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone)5k(pcL5k)containing orthogonally reactive azide groups with an unfunctionalized high molecular weight pcL75k at different *** porous three-dimensional(3D)scaf-folds were then fabricated using a high weight percentage(75 wt.%)of the low molecular weight pcL *** a proof-of-concept test,we prepared films of three different mass ratios of low and high molecular weight polymers with a thermopress and reacted with an alkynated fluorescent model compound on the surface,yielding a density of 201-561 pmol/cm^(2).Subsequently,a bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMp-2)-derived peptide was grafted onto the films comprising different blend compositions,and the effect of peptide surface density on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells(hMScs)was *** two weeks of culturing in a basic medium,cells expressed higher levels of BMp receptor II(BMpRII)on films with the conjugated *** addition,we found that alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly enhanced on films contain-ing the highest peptide density(i.e.,561 pmol/cm^(2)),indicating the importance of the surface *** together,these results emphasize that the density of surface peptides on cell differentiation must be considered at the cell-material ***,we have presented a viable strategy for ME-AM community that desires to tune the bulk and surface functionality via blending of(m

关键词： Additive manufacturing Blending Surface functionalization Surface density click chemistry Human

SARS-coV-2 variants are associated with different clinical courses in children with MIS-c

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World Journal of pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 143-152页

作者： Andres F.Moreno Rojas Emelia Bainto Helen Harvey Adriana H.Tremoulet Jane c.Burns Kirsten B.Dummer Department of pediatrics Division of Pediatric CardiologyUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s Hospital3020 Children’s Way MC 5004San DiegoCA 92123USA Kawasaki Disease Research center La JollaCAUSA Department of pediatrics Division of Pediatric Critical CareUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA Department of pediatrics University of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA

Background Recent infection with SARS‑coV-2 in children has been associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-c).SARS‑coV-2 has undergone different *** publications exist about specific variants and their correlation with the severity of *** This was a single-center,retrospective study including all patients admitted with MIS-c at Rady children’s Hospital-San Diego between May 2020 and March *** epidemiologic data,including viral genomic information,were obtained from public ***,clinical presentation,laboratory values,and outcomes were obtained from electronic medical *** The analysis included 104 pediatric *** MIS-c waves were *** variants in San Diego during the first wave included clades 20A to *** the second wave,there were variants from clades 20A to c,20G,21c(Epsilon),20I(Alpha),and 20J(Gamma).The third wave had Delta strains(clades 21A,21I,and 21J),and the fourth had Omicron variants(clades 21K,21L,and 22c).MIS-c presented with similar symptoms and laboratory findings across all *** patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(pIcU)(74%)and required inotropic support(63%)during the second *** of the patients required mechanical circulatory support,and only two required invasive ventilatory *** was no *** The various strains of SARS-coV-2 triggered MIS-c with differing severities,with the second wave having a more severe clinical *** the differences in disease severity across variants were due to changes in the virus or other factors remains unknown.

关键词： complications cOVID-19 MIS-c SARS-coV-2 variants

Unveiling the shadows: a qualitative exploration of barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in residential sectors

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clean Energy 2024年第5期8卷 218-228页

作者： Tony c.Mathew Sridevi Nagaraja pandian School of commerce Kumaraguru College of Liberal Arts and ScienceCoimbatore 641035Tamil NaduIndia

In the face of global climate change,the urgent shift towards renewable energy sources such as solar power is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering a sustainable future,presenting a universal challenge and opportunity for energy policy ***’s adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic is pivotal due to its vast solar potential,which aligns with national goals to increase renewable energy capacity,reduce carbon emissions,and achieve energy ***’s geographical location offers abundant solar potential,making it a prime candidate for the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic *** with the state’s strong commitment to renewable energy initiatives such as the ambitious“SOURA”(solar subsidy program by the Kerala State Electricity Board)project and various incentives for solar adoption,Kerala stands at the forefront of India’s transition towards sustainable energy *** the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in Kerala is crucial for tailoring ef-fective policies and strategies that address specific hindrances from economic constraints to informational *** study employs a qualitative research method to identify the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption among households in *** face-to-face interviews with a purposively selected sample of 52 households,the research aims to gain in-depth insights into the multifaceted challenges hindering the widespread adoption of solar energy in residential *** findings reveal several key barriers:financial barriers,informational barriers,technical barriers,regulatory barriers,social barriers,and psychological *** analysis indicates that while there is a predominantly positive attitude towards solar photovoltaic adoption,there are sig-nificant concerns that still need to be *** these barriers with targeted policy interventions and public awareness campaigns could significantly enhance the adoptio

关键词： rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption barriers to solar energy residential solar systems Kerala solar initiatives qualitative analysis in renewable energy