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Electrical triggering of earthquakes:results of laboratory experiments at spring-block models

Earthquake Science 2017年第4期30卷 167-172页

作者： Victor A.novikov Vladimir I.Okunev vadim n.klyuchkin Jing Liu Yuri Ya.Ruzhin Xuhui Shen Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences MoscowRussia Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake AdministrationBeijingChina Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism and Radio Wave Propagation TroitskMoscow RegionRussia Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijingChina

Recently published results of field and laboratory experiments on the seismic/acoustic response to injection of direct current （DC） pulses into the Earth crust or stressed rock samples raised a question on a possibility of electrical earthquake triggering. A physical mechanism of the considered phenomenon is not clear yet in view of the very low current density （10-7-10-s A/m^2） generated by the pulsed power systems at the epicenter depth （5-10 km） of local earthquakes occurred just after the current injection. The paper describes results of laboratory ＂earthquake＂ triggering by DC pulses under conditions of a spring-block model simulated the seismogenic fault. It is experimentally shown that the electric triggering of the laboratory ＂earthquake＂（sharp slip of a movable block of the spring-block system） is possible only within a range of subcritical state of the system, when the shear stress between the movable and fixed blocks obtains 0.98-0.99 of its critical value. The threshold of electric triggering action is about 20 A/m^2 that is 7-8 orders of magnitude higher than estimated electric current density for Bishkek test site （northern Tien Shan, Kirghizia） where the seismic response to the man-made electric action was observed. In this connection, the electric triggering phenomena may be explained by contraction of electric current in the narrow conductive areas of the faults and the corresponding increase in current density or by involving the secondary triggering mechanisms like electromagnetic stimulation of conductive fluid migration into the fault area resulted in decrease in the fault strength properties.

关键词： Earthquake simulation Spring-block model Electric pulse Triggering threshold

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Seasonal Dynamics of Male and Female Reproductive Systems in the Siberian Salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingii (Caudata, Hynobiidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第3期6卷 169-183页

作者： vadim V.YARTSEV Valentina n.KURAnOVA Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology Institute of BiologyTomsk State University

It is not well known how low temperatures, like a subarctic steppe–tundra climate, influence reproductive traits of ectothermic vertebrates. To begin answering this question, we studied male and female reproductive systems of Salamandrella keyserlingii inhabiting a Tomsk population（southeast of Western Siberia）, Russia, in ecological and physiological terms. In males, before spermiation, the testicular size and weight in late April–early May were greatest of all. Spermiation occurred during breeding immigration in spring when mean air temperature was above 10°С, and at the same time rain fell. After spermiation, the testicular size and weight decreased sharply, and the diameter of the vasa deferentia increased. ＂Spawning＂（i.e., simultaneous extrusion of sperm and oviposition） occurred from late April to late May, and this duration fluctuated in temperature and humidity. The testicular size and weight increased in summer. Sperm mass was detected in the testes by the smear method in April–September, except in June when single fragmented unrealized sperm was detected and in July when spermatids were detected. In females, ovarian weight was greatest in spring before ovulation. From late June, vitellogenesis began in ovarian follicles, in which mint green yolks accumulated. Melanin deposited in the surface of the ovary from July when oviducts were hypertrophying. In contrast, some large-sized females did not show any sexual maturity shortly before hibernation（although these females may be subadults）. These results suggest that low temperatures in Siberia induce early timing of gamete maturation in females, but the females＇ reproductive cycle might also be biennial. A reproductive cycle in males was annual with the completion of the gamete maturation process in August.

关键词： annual reproductive cycle biennial reproductive cycle breeding immigration gamete maturation subarctic climate

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Thermo-and pH-sensitive Polymer with Pendant Spacer-linked Imidazole Cycles

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 437-445页

作者： natalya V.Zakharova Stanislav n.Zelinskiy Mariya S.Strelova Elena n.Danilovtseva vadim V.Annenkov Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg199004Russia Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk664033Russia

By the reaction of poly(acryloyl chloride) with n-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, poly(n-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)acrylamide) was synthesized. The new polymer contains an imidazole ring removed from the main chain by a spacer of five bonds. The structure and purity, molecular weight, hydrodynamic and thermosensitive properties of the obtained sample were studied by1H-and13C-nMR, FTIR spectroscopy, acid-base titration, light scattering, turbidimetry and viscometry. The observed ability of the imidazole-containing polymer to form and destroy associates in water-salt solutions at pH 6.6-7.4 and temperatures of 29-48℃ indicates that these are promising candidates for designing complex biomedical systems. The new polymer is able to form complexes with oligo-DnA more actively than poly(1-vinylimidazole), which is of interest for gene delivery applications. The polymer cross-linked with epichlorohydrin gives micro-relief coatings on the plastic surface, and the modified surface is able to attach negatively charged objects. This thermo-and pH-sensitive polymer modification can be applied to create finely controlled surfaces for cell culturing.

关键词： Imidazole-containing polymer Thermolability pH-sensitivity The modified surface DnA immobilization

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Factors associated with trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and normal bone mineral density

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第7期13卷 553-565页

作者： Olga n Fazullina Anton I Korbut vadim V Klimontov Laboratory of Endocrinology Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and GeneticsSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk 630060Russia

BACKGROUnD Osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes(T2D)have been recognized as a widespread comorbidity leading to excess mortality and an enormous healthcare *** T2D,bone mineral density(BMD)may underestimate the risk of low-energy fractures as bone quality is *** was hypothesized that a decrease in the trabecular bone score(TBS),a parameter assessing bone microarchitecture,may be an early marker of impaired bone health in women with *** To identify clinical and body composition parameters that affect TBS in postmenopausal women with T2D and normal *** A non-interventional cross-sectional comparative study was *** eligible subjects were screened at tertiary referral *** women with T2D,aged 50-75 years,with no established risk factors for secondary osteoporosis,were ***,TBS and body composition parameters were assessed by dual-energy X-ray *** women with normal BMD,a wide range of anthropometric,general and diabetes-related clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated as risk factors for TBS decrease using univariate and multivariate regression analysis and analysis of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)*** Three hundred twelve women were initially screened,176 of them met the inclusion criteria and underwent dual X-ray *** with reduced BMD were subsequently excluded;96 women with normal BMD were included in final *** them,43 women(44.8%)showed decreased TBS values(≤1.31).Women with TBS≤1.31 were taller and had a lower body mass index(BMI)when compared to those with normal TBS(Р=0.008 and P=0.007 respectively).no significant differences in HbA1c,renal function,calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,PTH and 25(ОН)D levels were *** a model of multivariate linear regression analysis,TBS was positively associated with gynoid fat mass,whereas the height and androgen fat mass were associated negatively(all Pn a multiple logistic regres

关键词： Diabetes Osteoporosis Bone mineral density Trabecular bone score Obesity Body composition

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Glycerol effects on optical,weight and geometrical properties of skin tissue

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第5期4卷 64-74页

作者： vadim D.Genin Elina A.Genina Valery V.Tuchin Alexey n.Bashkatov Saratov State University(national Research University) 83Astrakhanskaya Str.Saratov 410012Russia Tomsk State University(national Research University) 36Lenina Av.Tomsk 634050Russia Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control of RAS 24Rabochaya Str.Saratov 410028Russia

Complex study of glycerol effects on the skin tissue was *** change in optical,weight and geometrical parameters of the rat skin under the action of the glycerol solutions was studied ex *** mechanisms of the skin optical clearing under the action of glycerol solutions of different concentrations were *** results can be helpful for refinement of models developed to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficients of glycerol in tissues.

关键词： Glycerol solutions skin optical clearing collimated transmittance dehydration

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Poly(1-vinylimidazole) Prospects in Gene Delivery

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第7期37卷 637-645页

作者： Elena n.Danilovtseva Stanislav n.Zelinskiy Viktor A.Pal'shin Gayathri Kandasamy Uma Maheswari Krishnan vadim V.Annenkov Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3Ulan-Batorskaya St.P.O. Box 278Irkutsk 664033Russia Centre for nanotechnology &Advanced Biomaterials (CenTAB) School of Chemical and BiotechnologySASTRA UniversityThanjavur 613401 Tamil NaduIndia

Polymeric amines are being studied intensively as components of systems for gene delivery in genetic engineering and gene therapy of genetic disorders, including cancer. Despite remarkable achievements in the field, polymeric amines, such as polyethyleneimine, show some disadvantages. Strong interaction between the amine-containing polymer and nucleic acid hampers the release of nucleic acid in the cell cytoplasm. Amine groups can interact with the cell membrane which results in cell death. These limitations of polymeric amines stimulated an investigation of new structures for gene delivery. Imidazole-containing polymers have attracted attention as lesser basic substances, while they are able to interact with polymeric acids. Further development of imidazole-based gene delivery agents requires knowledge about some fundamental aspects of interaction between nucleic acids, and polymeric imidazoles. In this work, we studied the complexation of poly(1-vinylimidazole) and oligomeric DnA. We found that the number of active sites capable of binding with negatively charged phosphate groups is comparable with the number of protonated imidazole units in the case of high molecular weight polymer. The increase in polymer charge by 1-bromopropane quaternizating 1%?5% imidazole units or by decreasing the pH to 6.5?7 considerably increased the ability of poly(1-vinylimidazole) to interact with oligonucleotides. The pH sensitivity of this interaction is interesting for cancer gene therapy because the tumours have a lowered intercellular pH (stable oligonucleotide complex) and a higher extracellular pH which can lead to complex dissociation. Minimal critical length for complexation of quaternized poly(1-vinylimidazole) and DnA is below eight units which corresponds to polymers with amine groups. Fluorescence-tagged poly(1-vinylimidazole) samples were obtained and their potential for monitoring the polymer and polymer-oligonucleotide complex internalization into living cells was demo

关键词： Polymeric amines Oligonucleotides Fluorescence Poly(1-vinylimidazole) Gene delivery

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Bioinspired Water-soluble Polymers with Grafted Polyamine Chains： Synthesis and Complexation with Oligonucleotides

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第10期36卷 1114-1122页

作者： vadim V.Annenkov Uma Maheswari Krishnan Viktor A.Pal'shin Stanislav n.Zelinskiy Gayathri Kandasamy Elena n.Danilovtseva Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St. P.O. Box 278 Irkutsk 664033 Russia Centre for nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CenTAB) School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA University Thanjavur - 613401 Tamil Nadu India

The siliceous frustules of diatom algae contain complex proteins known as silaffins, which consist of a peptide chain with grafted polyamine chains. These polyamines contain twenty or more nitrogen atoms with trimethylene groups between the nitrogens. We synthesized a set of polymers containing grafted long-chain polyamine fragments by using acryloyl chloride （ACh） polymers and activated acrylic acid copolymers as the starting materials. The new polymers contained 0.05 mol%-3.2 mol% of polyamine chains, which corresponded to 0.06-3.56 mmol·g- 1 amine groups. The new amine-containing polymers formed complexes with short （19-21-mer） deoxyribonucleic acid （DnA） and ribonucleic acid （RnA） strands, and these complexes penetrated into model yeast cells and A549 lung cancer cell. This study demonstrates the potential of these species based on long-chain polyamines to serve as novel gene delivery systems.

关键词： Polyamine Polymeric amine Gene delivery Acryloyl chloride

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Gold mineralisation and orogenic metamorphism in the Lena province of Siberia as assessed from Chertovo Koryto and Sukhoi Log deposits

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 453-481页

作者： Marina A.Yudovskaya vadim V.Distler Vsevolod Yu.Prokofiev nickolay n.Akinfiev Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits PetrographyMineralogy and Geochemistry RAS EGRI University of the Witwatersrand

The Chertovo Koryto gold deposit（80 t Au at 1.84 g/t） in the Lena world-class province,Siberia,is hosted in a metamorphosed sequence of the Paleoproterozoic Mikhailovsk Formation that comprises the oldest black shale strata of the Baikal-Patom *** mineralisation is confined to the thrust zone complicated with a conjugate anticline fold,zones of shearing and *** struaural position of the mineralisation is similar to that at the giant Sukhoi Log deposit in the neighbouring Mama-Bodaibo *** the latter,the isotope age data suggest that Khomolkho black shales,hosts to Sukhoi Log mineralisation,are of Ediacaran age and underwent prograde metamorphism during early *** geochemical composition of the terrigenous rocks that host Sukhoi Log,Chertovo Koryto,and a number of other deposits at the various stratigraphic levels throughout the Proterozoic sequence have much in *** do not show elevated metal contents above the common black shale abundances,except for Au and As,which is at variance with the accepted view on diagenetic enrichment of black shales in the Lena *** occurrence of sagenitic rutile in quartz and chlorite pseudomorphs after biotite and other petrographic observations provide evidence on a retrograde nature of the metamorphic mineral assemblages in the Mikhailovsk *** sulphides are pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite with very minor pyrite at Chertovo Koryto,whereas pyrite is the predominant sulphide in the Sukhoi Log *** inclusion data on both deposits emphasise a high-temperature nature of the mineralisation albeit revealing great contrast in the fluid *** Log mineralisation was formed at mixing between low-salinity aqueous solutions and dense gaseous carbonic fluids,which facilitated effective gold scavenging and precipitation,as demonstrated by thermodynamic *** precursory devolatilisation of the Mikhailovsk sediments at the prograde stage results in the paucity of gaseous carbon

关键词： Gold Black shales Orogenic metamorphism Orogenic fluid Sukhoi Log Chertovo Koryto

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Passive vectoring of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana among the wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae by the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor females

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 643-654页

作者： vadim Yu. Kryukov natalia A. Kryukova Maksim V. Tyurin Olga n. Yaroslavtseva Viktor V. Glupov Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk Russia

Females of the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor attack and envenomate numerous host individuals during oviposition. The vectoring of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana during the adhesion stage by ectoparasitoid females among the wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella was explored under laboratory conditions. Vectoring occurred both from infected parasitoids to wax moth larvae and from infected to healthy wax moth larvae by parasitoids. The efficacy of vectoring in both cases was dose dependent. Parasitoid females were unable to recognize infected larvae in a labyrinth test. In addition, the presence of H. hebetor females significantly （1.5-13 fold） increased the mycoses level in clusters of G. mellonella, with 40% of the larvae infected with ftmgal conidia. Envenomation by H. hebetor increased conidia germination on the cuticles of the wax moth larvae by 4.4 fold. An enhanced germination rate （2 fold） was registered in the n- hexane epicuticular extract of envenomated larvae compared to that of healthy larvae. Both envenomation and mycoses enhanced the phenoloxidase （PO） activity in the integument of G. mellonella and, in contrast, decreased the encapsulation rate in hemolymphs. We hypothesize that changes in the integument property and inhibition of cellular immunity provide the highest infection efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi with H. hebetor.

关键词： Galleria mellonella immunity integuments mycoses parasitoid vectoring

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The impact of anti-epidemic measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the seasonal influenza epidemic

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第7期134卷 879-880页

作者： Tatyana n.Ilyicheva vadim nGureyev Vector State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Koltsovo 630559Russia Department of natural Sciences Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk 630090Russia.

To the Editor:A new type of coronavirus—severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)emerged in 2019.[1]On March 11,2020,World Health Organization(WHO)Director-General declared that the outbreak can be characterized as a pandemic.[2]According to the WHO,[3]on March 18,2020,the number of laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 was over 200 thousands *** some countries,unprecedented anti-epidemic measures have been carried out to stop the spread of infection.

关键词： epidemic acute measures

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