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Pedosphere 2005年第3期15卷 319-326页

作者： HAN Xiao-Zeng1, SONG Chun-Yu1, WANG Shou-Yu1 and C. TANG2 1Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040 (China). 2Department of Agricultural Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, vic 3086 (Australia) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Harbin 150040 China Department of Agricultural Sciences La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. 3086 Australia

A twelve-year field trial was carried out to determine the impact of long-term fertilization on phosphorus (P) distribu- tion in the soil profile, P balance, and the transformation and availability of soil P in a black soil (Phaeozem, FAO). Under a wheat-soybean-corn rotation, during twelve years where no fertilizer was applied, crops removed 60 and 81 mg P kg-1 soil in the control and NK treatment, respectively. About one third of the P absorbed by crops was originated from organic P. Ca2-P, Cag-P, Al-P and Fe-P were the main forms of inorganic P absorbed by crops. The surplus P from fertilization remained in the 0-20 cm soil layer and increased with the application rate of P. The combined application of NP or NPK increased available P to a lesser extent than the combined application of PK. Fertilizer P had mainly transformed to the Al-P, Fe-P, Ca2-P, and Cas-P forms. By using the P budget (X), changes in total P (Y1) and available P (Y2) in soils under the current cropping system could be predicted by the equations: Y1 = 0.02 + 1.01X and Y2 = 2.08 + 0.15X.

关键词： black soil crop removal long-term fertilization phosphorus budget phosphorus fractions

Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi Diversifies the Bacterial Community in Rhizospheres of Maize and Soybean

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Pedosphere 2007年第2期17卷 191-199页

作者： WANG Guang-Hua JIN Jian XU Mei-Na PAN Xiang-Wen C. TANG Laboratory of Black Soil Ecology Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Harbin 150081 （China）. Department of Agricultural Sciences La Trobe University Bundoora Vic 3086 （Australia）

Application of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) has been reported to increase P uptake and plant growth. However, no information is available regarding the ecological consequences of the inoculation with PSMs. The effect of inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing fungal (PSF) isolates Aspergillus niger P39 and Penicillium oxalicum P66 on the bacterial communities in the rhizospheres of maize (Zea mays L. 'Haiyu 6') and soybean (Glycine max Merr. 'Heinong 35') was examined using culture-dependent methods as well as a culture-independent method, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Compared with the control, the number of culturable microbes for soybean was significantly greater with P39, whereas for maize, the same was significantly greater with P66. In addition, a greater number of microbes were found in the rhizosphere of maize compared with soybean. The fingerprint of DGGE for 16S rDNA indicated that inoculation with PSF also increased bacterial communities, with the P66 treatment having higher numbers of DGGE bands and a higher Shannon-Weaver diversity index compared with P39; the composition of the microbial community was also more complex with the P66 treatment. Overall, complex interactions between plant species and exotic PSMs affected the structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, but plant species were more important in determining the bacterial community structure than the introduction of exotic microorganisms.

关键词： bacterial community diversity PCR-DGGE phosphate-solubilizing fungus rhizosphere

A Modified Method for Measuring Root Iron Reductase Activity Under Normal Laboratory Conditions

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Pedosphere 2005年第3期15卷 363-368页

作者： ZHENGShao-Jian HEYun-Feng TANGCai-Xian Y.MASAOKA CollegeofEnvironmentandResources ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029（China）／／KyushuOkinawaNationalAgriculturalResearchCenterKumamoto861-1192（Japan） CollegeofEnvironmentandResources ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029（China） DepartmentofAgriculturalSciences LaTrobeUniversityBundooraVic.3086（Australia） FacultyofAppliedBiologicalScience HiroshimaUniversityHigashiHiroshima739-8528（Japan）

Based on the strong chelating property of bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid (BPDS) with root chelate reductase activity is usually measured with a spectrophotometer using MES (2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) or HEPES (2-(4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl) ethanesulfonic acid) buffer in the dark because of high autoreduction rate of in the presence of light. However, the exclusion of light is inconvenient, especially when analyzing a large number of samples. The objective of this study was to develop a new method for determination of root reductase activity under normal laboratory conditions using a suitable buffer composition and concentration to eliminate the autoreduction of A modified method using a Tris (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol) buffer at pH 7.5 instead of MES or HEPES buffer and a decreased FeEDTA (Fe ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) concentration of 50 μmol L-1 was developed. The autoreduction of using the Tris buffer was undetectable for temperatures at 4 and 28 °C and was also much lower than that using the other buffers even with sunlight during measurement of reduction. Furthermore, the differences in reductase activity among 5 plant species and 14 red clover cultivars (Trifolium pratense L.) could be easily detected with the modified method. The method developed in this study to measure root Fe chelate reductase activity was not only effective and reliable but also easily managed under normal laboratory light conditions.

关键词： autoreduction buffers root chelate reductase activity

Salt Dynamics in Rhizosphere of Puccinellia ciliata Bor. in a Loamy Soil

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Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 784-791页

作者： ZHANG Zhen-Hua C. TANG Z. RENGEL Agricultural Resource and Environmental Research Center Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 （China）. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition School of Earth and Geographical Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 （Australia） CRC Plant-Based Management of Dryland Salinity The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 （Australia） Department of Agricultural Sciences La Trobe University Bundoora Vic 3086 （Australia）

A glasshouse experiment using a rhizobox technique was conducted to examine salt dynamics in the rhizosphere of a salt-tolerant grass, Puccinellia ciliata Bor. ’Irwin Hunter’, grown in a loamy soil, and to study the effect of rainfall flush on salt accumulation in the rhizosphere. The rhizobox (10 × 5.5 × 50 cm) had a nylon mesh (1 μm) positioned vertically in the middle to create two compartments filled with soil amended with 1 g NaCl kg-1. The plants were grown in one compartment only. Flushed treatments received 275 mL of deionized water two days before harvest. In the plant-growing compartment, soils were sectioned vertically at 5 cm intervals. Significant differences in soil electrical conductivity (EC) (P < 0.05) and pH (P < 0.05) were observed for depths, but not between flushed and non-flushed treatments. In the no-plant compartment (rhizosphere), soil cores were taken horizontally at depths of 5, 20 and 40 cm and sliced at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 mm away from the roots. Soil EC and Cl- concentration at the 5 and 20 cm depths, and Na+ concentration at the 5 cm depth significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with the distance away from the root, but no significant differences were observed in soil pH and concentrations of the K+ and Ca2+. The flush treatment only had significant influence on soil EC, pH, and Cl- concentration at the 20 cm depth. Thus, salt accumulation could occur in the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant species on saline soils, and the periodic low rainfall might not have a strong influence on salt distribution in the rhizosphere and/or root zone.

关键词： leaching Puccinellia ciliata Bor. rhizosphere salt dynamics

Feeding a natural plant extract affects fat metabolism and changes the expression of the gene for fatty acid binding protein in beef cattle

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Feeding a natural plant extract affects fat metabolism and c...

Local interests meet global regime:China’s subnational politics in clean development mechanism of Kyoto Protocol

第七届草食动物营养国际学术研讨会

作者： C.R.Ge~(1 2) X.Zhang~1 J.J.Jia~(1*) S.Z.Gao~1 C.Wang~1 F.D.Li~2 M.Jois~3 ~1 Yunnan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 Yunnan Province China ~2 Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 Gansu Province China ~3 Department of Agriculture School of Life Sciences La Trobe University vic 3086 Australia

＜正＞Growing crossbred beef cattle steers were fed pasture hay ad libitum and 2.5 kg/day of a maize/soya bean based *** the steers were offered a supplement of a dried extract of a mixture of ‘medicinal herbs’（NPE）at the rate of 6g supplement per kilogram of *** comparison with the steers fed the control concentrate supplement,those fed the concentrate containing the NPE deposited significantly more（P＜0.05）subcutaneous fat,intramuscular fat and tended to deposit more visceral *** was found that the steers fed the concentrate containing NPE displayed significantly greater（P＜0.05）expression of mRNA for heart fatty acid binding protein（H-FABP）in cardiac,loin muscle （Longissimus dorsi LD）and rump muscle（Biceps femoris,BF）*** both groups of cattle the expression of mRNA for H-FABP in the tissues monitored was greatest in cardiac muscle and least in rump muscle with the differences between the tissues being significant（P＜0.05）.In the cattle fed the supplement containing NPE expression of mRNA for H-FABP was significantly greater in cardiac（P＜0.01）, loin（P＜0.0t）and rump（P＜0.05）muscle than in corresponding tissues from the steers fed the control supplement.

关键词： Natural plant extract Cattle Fat deposition Heart fatty acid binding protein

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Economic and Political Studies 2016年第3期4卷 258-277页

作者： Bo Miao Yu-wai vic Li Department of Asian and International Studies City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Social Sciences The Education University of Hong KongChina

As the Kyoto Protocol enters its second commitment phase,local states are adapting to the new *** analysis of the responses of three provincial authorities(Guangdong,Zhejiang and Shanghai)demonstrates that local authorities of China have sought project development that offers capital and technological transfers from Annexe 1 parties made possible by the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM),one of the flexibility mechanisms of the global climate *** from offering technical advisory and assistance to interested firms,extending fiscal incentives and regulatory supports and leveraging their connections with central counterparts and international partners to facilitate the local market development,Guangdong and Shanghai have also been proactively responding to the changing market and policy outlook of the CDM framework,piloting carbon emissions reduction strategies at the local level to foster their *** affirm the relevance of local interests and help complete our understanding of the subnational dynamics underlying the global climate regime.

关键词： Kyoto Protocol China climate change environment local governments

Magnesium lithospermate B possesses inhibitory activity on Na+,K+-ATPase and neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第5期28卷 609-615页

作者： Jason TC TZEN Tzyy-rong JINN Hank KH SHE Balance CM CHEN vic HSIEH Graduate Institute of Biotechnology Herbal Source Biotechnology Co Tainan CountyTaiwan741 China Jason Life Tech Inc National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan 402 China

Aim:To examine if magnesium lithospermate B （MLB） extracted from Danshen,thedried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza,may act as an active component responsible forthe cardiac therapeutic effect of this traditional Chinese herb via the same molecu-lar mechanism triggered by cardiac glycosides,such as ouabain and ***,we wanted to test if MLB may provide neuroprotection againstischemic stroke as observed for cardiac ***:Similarity in thechemical structure and molecular configuration between MLB and ouabain *** inhibition potency of MLB and ouabain on Na+,K+-ATPase activ-ity of a commercial product,as well as in purified membrane fractions from rat brainand heart tissues,was examined and *** effect of MLBagainst ischemic stroke was also evaluated using a cortical brain slice-basedassay ***:Dose-dependent inhibition on the commercial Na+,K+-ATPase equivalent to that for ouabain was observed for MLB of approximatelyhalf dosage by *** relative potency of ouabain and MLB was alsoobserved for their inhibition on Na+,K+-ATPase activity of plasma membranepurified from rat tissues,although these 2 inhibitors exhibited somewhat lowercompetence in these crude *** ischemic gerbil brains,post-treatment withMLB significantly reduced the infarct size,visualized by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride staining,by approximately 55% when compared with the control ***:These results evidently suggest that the cardiac therapeutic effect ofDanshen should be at least partly attributed to the effective inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase by MLB,and that MLB provides anti-ischemic neuroprotection in gerbilssubjected to focal ischemia and reperfusion.

关键词： cardiac glycosides magnesium lithospermate B Na~+,K~+-ATPase neuroprotection ouabain Salvia miltiorrhiza

Reduction of greensand emissions by minimum 25%―Case study

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China Foundry 2010年第4期7卷 419-424页

作者： Cornelis Grefhorst Wire Senden Resat Ilman Oleg Podobed vic Lafay Werner Tilch S＆B Industrial Minerals Germany Componenta - Foundry Heerlen Netherlands S＆B Industrial Minerals North America Technische University - Bergakademie Freiberg Germany

This paper describes the development of an inorganic alternative to coal or coal replacement for bentonite bonded molds (greensand molding) and the realization in an operating foundry. Through a time period of 1.5 years, Componenta Foundry changed in many steps from a classical green sand system to a coal free system, based on ENVIBOND developed in the GO-APIC project and further development as an S&B project. At Componenta Foundry, the percentage of casting defects or scrap did not increase. There was a tendency of an increase in stress (scabbing) defects and of a decrease in penetration defects. Benzene emission is reduced by 40%, odor emission has lower values (not statistically proven). Visible is less smoke in the foundry, especially at the cooling line. The benefits for health and emissions are clearly seen.

关键词： greensand emissions bentonite bonded molds binder system coal

Overgrowth of the indigenous gut microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第10期20卷 2449-2455页

作者： William Bye Naveed Ishaq Terry D Bolin vic M Duncombe Stephen M Riordan Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick 2031 New South Wales Australia Prince of Wales Clinical School Randwick NSW 2031 Australia

Culture-independent molecular techniques have demonstrated that the majority of the gut microbiota is *** of these molecular techniques to more accurately identify the indigenous gut microbiome has moved with great pace over recent years,leading to a substantial increase in understanding of gut microbial communities in both health and a number of disorders,including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Use of culture-independent molecular techniques already employed to characterise faecal and,to a lesser extent,colonic mucosal microbial populations in IBS,without reliance on insensitive,traditional microbiological culture techniques,has the potential to more accurately determine microbial composition in the small intestine of patients with this disorder,at least that occurring proximally and within reach of *** data concerning culture-based and culture-independent analyses of the small intestinal microbiome in IBS are considered here.

关键词： Gut microbiome Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Irritable bowel syndrome