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A new approach to pedestal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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j.urnal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： Frank G.A.Verheij.n Martinho A.S.Martins Sergio A.Prats jan j.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash *** rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'*** work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil *** postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their *** analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate *** three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed *** the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin *** concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt *** measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available *** pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the *** is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving fact

关键词： Soil pedestals Mulch Wildfire Soil erosion Char

Importance of timely and adequate source control in sepsis and septic shock

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j.urnal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 281-286页

作者： jan j.De Waele Department of Intensive Care Medicine Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium

Source control is defined as the physical measures undertaken to eliminate the source of infection and control ongoing contamination, as well as restore anatomy and function at the site of infection. It is a key component of the management of patients with sepsis and septic shock and one of the main determinants of the outcome of infections that require source control. While not all infections may require source control, it should be considered in every patient presenting with sepsis;it is applicable and necessary in numerous infections, not only those occurring in the abdominal cavity. Although the biological rationale is clear, several aspects of source control remain under debate. The timing of source control may impact outcome;early source control is particularly relevant for patients with abdominal infections or necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections, as well as for those with more severe disease. Percutaneous procedures are increasingly used for source control;nevertheless, surgery—tailored to the patient and infection—remains a valid option for source control. For outcome optimization, adequate source control is more important than the strategy used. It should be acknowledged that source control interventions may often fail, posing a challenge in this setting. Thus, an individualized, multidisciplinary approach tailored to the infection and patient is preferable.

关键词： Sepsis Septic shock Source control Drainage Debridement

The synergies of SMAP enhanced and MODIS products in a random forest regression for estimating 1 km soil moisture over Africa using Google Earth Engine

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Big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 33-57页

作者： Farzane Mohseni Amirhossein Ahrari jan-Henrik Haunert Carsten Montzka Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation University of BonnBonnGermany Water Energy and Environmental Engineering Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Institute of Bio-and Geosciences:Agrosphere(IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany

Due to the coarse scale of soil moisture products retrieved from passive microwave observations(SMPMW),several downscaling methods have been developed to enable regional scale ***,it can be challenging for users to access final data products and algorithms,as well as managing different data sources and formats,various data processing methods,and the complexity of the workflows from raw data to information ***,the Google Earth Engine(GEE),which as of late offers SMPMW,is used to implement a workflow for retrieving 1 km SM at a depth of 0-5 cm using MODIS optical/thermal measurements,the SM_(PMW)coarse scale product,and a random forest *** proposed method was implemented on the African continent to estimate weekly SM *** results of this study were evaluated against in-situ measurements of three validation ***,in comparison to the original SM_(PMW)product,which was limited by a spatial resolution of only 9 km,this method is able to estimate SM at 1 km spatial resolution with acceptable accuracy(an average correlation coefficient of 0.64 and a ubRMSD of 0.069 m^(3)/m^(3)).The results show that the proposed method in GEE provides a precise estimation of SM with a higher spatial resolution across the entire continent.

关键词： Soil moisture SMAP Google Earth Engine random forest regression MODIS

Mechanistic insights toward identification and interaction of plant parasitic nematodes:A review

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 11-27页

作者： Bisma jan Ali Haider Shah Mudasir Ahmad Bhat Arif Tasleem jan Ishfaq Ahmad Wani Ali Asghar Shah Section of Microbiology Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah UniversityRajouriJ&K185234India Department of Biotechnology Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India Department of Botany Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India Department of Zoology School of Biosciences and BiotechnologyBaba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India

Nematode identification serves as an important param-eter to study their behaviour,importance and *** of classical morphometric based identifica-tion methods prove to be lacking due to insufficient knowledge on morphological variations among closely related *** approaches such as DNA and protein-based information,microarray,probing,sequence-based methods and others have been used to supplement morphology-based methods for nematode *** and certain protein-based nematode-associated molecular patterns(NAMPs),can be perceived by the host plants,and can initiate a signalling *** review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of different classical and modern tools used for the identification of *** we also summa-rize the mechanism of some important signalling pathways which are involved in the different plant nematode *** constitute most diverse and least studied group of soil inhabiting *** are ecologically and physiologically important,however,wide range of nematodes show harmful impact on the individuals that live within their *** parasitic nematodes(PPNs)are transparent,pseudocoelomate,free living or parasitic *** lack morphometric identification methods due to insufficient knowl-edge on morphological variations among closely related *** such,molecular approaches such as DNA and protein-based information,microarray,probing,sequence-based methods and others have been used to supplement morphology-based methods for their *** invade the defense response of different plant species,parasitic nematodes have evolved different molecular *** and certain protein-based nematode-associated molecular patterns(NAMPs),can be perceived by the host plants,and can initiate a signaling *** overcome the host confrontation and develop certain nematode feeding sites,some members can inj.ct effectors into

关键词： nematode identification plant nematode interaction DNA fingerprinting nematode-associated molecular patterns signaling path-ways

Opportunities for large language models and discourse in engineering

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 136-142页

作者： jan Göpfert jann M.Weinand Patrick Kuckertz Detlef Stolten Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Techno-economic Systems Analysis(IEK-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich52425Germany Chair for Fuel Cells RWTH Aachen UniversityFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringAachen52062Germany

In recent years, large language models have achieved breakthroughs on a wide range of benchmarks in natural language processing and continue to increase in performance. Recently, the advances of large language models have raised interest outside the natural language processing community and could have a large impact on daily life. In this paper, we pose the question: How will large language models and other foundation models shape the future product development process? We provide the reader with an overview of the subj.ct by summarizing both recent advances in natural language processing and the use of information technology in the engineering design process. We argue that discourse should be regarded as the core of engineering design processes, and therefore should be represented in a digital artifact. On this basis, we describe how foundation models such as large language models could contribute to the design discourse by automating parts thereof that involve creativity and reasoning, and were previously reserved for humans. We describe how simulations, experiments, topology optimizations, and other process steps can be integrated into a machine-actionable, discourse-centric design process. As an example, we present a design discourse on the optimization of wind turbine blades. Finally, we outline the future research that will be necessary for the implementation of the conceptualized framework.

关键词： Product development process Conceptual design Design methodology Design generation Natural language processing Foundation models Multi-modal models

A Room-Temperature Chloride-Conducting Metal-Organic Crystal[Al(DMSO)_(6)]Cl_(3) for Potential Solid-State Chloride-Shuttle Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 107-113页

作者： Bing Wu jan Luxa j.ří Šturala Shuangying Wei Lukáš Děkanovský Abhilash Karuthedath Parameswaran Min Li Zdenek Sofer Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnická 516628Prague Czech Republic

The growing demand for substitutes of lithium chemistries in battery leads to a surge in budding novel anion-based electrochemical energy storage,where the chloride ion batteries(CIBs)take over the *** application of CIBs is limited by the dissolution and side reaction of chloride-based electrode materials in a liquid *** the flipside,its solid-state electrolytes are scarcely reported due to the challenge in realizing fast Cl^(-)*** present study reports[Al(DMSO)_(6)]Cl_(3),a solid-state metal-organic material,allows chloride ion *** strong Al-Cl bonds in AlCl_(3)are broken down after coordinating of Al^(3+)by ligand DMSO,and Cl^(-)in the resulting compound is weakly bound to complexions[Al(DMSO)_(6)]^(3+),which may facilitate Cl^(-)*** partial replacement of Cl^(-)with PF_(6)^(-),the room-temperature ionic conductivity of as-prepared electrolyte is increased by one order of magnitude from 2.172×10^(-5)S cm^(-1)to 2.012×10^(-4)S cm^(-1).When they are assembled with Ag(anode)/Ag-AgCl(cathode)electrode system,reversible electrochemical redox reactions occur on both sides,demonstrating its potential for solid-state chloride ion *** strategy by weakening the bonding interaction using organic ligands between Cl^(-)and central metallic ions may provide new ideas for developing solid chloride-ion conductors.

关键词： [Al(DMSO)_(6)]Cl_(3) chloride-ion batteries ionic conductivity metal-organic solid-state electrolytes

Electrodynamics of Abrikosov vortices： the field theoretical formulation

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Frontiers of physics 2011年第4期6卷 357-369页

作者： Aron j. Beekman jan Zaanen Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics Universiteit Leiden P. O. Box 9506 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

Electrodynamic phenomena related to vortices in superconductors have been studied since their prediction by Abrikosov, and seem to hold no fundamental mysteries. However, most of the effects are treated separately, with no guiding principles. We demonstrate that the relativistic vortex worldsheet in spacetime is the obj.ct that naturally conveys all electric and magnetic information, for which we obtain simple and concise equations. Breaking Lorentz invariance leads to down-to-earth Abrikosov vortices, and special limits of these equations include for instance dynamic Meissner screening and the AC j.sephson relation. On a deeper level, we explore the electrodynamics of two-form sources in the absence of electric monopoles, in which the electromagnetic field strength itself acquires the characteristics of a gauge field. This novel framework leaves room for unexpected surprises .

关键词： Abrikosov vortex, electromagnetism, Maxwell equations, differential geometry multivalued fields

Genetic Enhancement of Indigenous Cowpea with Gamma-Ray Induced Trait Variation

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： Mathurin Tiergnin Dabiré Minimassom Philippe Nikiéma Dj.bril Yonli Safiatou Sanna Wossoguim j.sué Gouba Siébou Palé Hamidou Traoré j.seph T. B. Batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia Stewart jan B. Middendorf Abhishek Rathore Anupama j. Hingane Unit de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Center for Agriculture-Led Growth Bureau for Resilience and Food Security United States Agency for International Development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India j.int FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a staple legume crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces challenges due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Induced mutagenesis was deployed to create genetic variation in two cowpea varieties (KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local). The radio-sensitivity tests led to determe the lethal dose 50 (LD50) corresponding to 230 Gy and 220 Gy for KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local varieties, respectively. Dried seeds (M0) of each variety were gamma-ray irradiated with LD50 − 50, LD50 and LD50 + 50. M1 seeds were advanced to generate M2, M3 and M4 mutants using the single-seed-descent method. M4 mutant lines were evaluated in rain-fed conditions using a randomized complete block design to assess phenotypic differences. Data on seven qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were collected. The results indicated that the mutation induced variability in three qualitative traits: in KVX 396-4-5-2D mutant lines, with flower and seed color frequencies at 2.61% and 0.56% respectively, and pod dehiscence at a frequency of 0.24%. While in Moussa local mutants, a pod color changed at a frequency of 17%. ANOVA results revealed significant differences between mutants of both varieties for all quantitative traits, including photosynthetic parameters. Positive correlations were observed between leaf diameter and 100-seed weight, and between branch number and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters among KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants and six clusters among Moussa local mutants. Early maturity and high foliage were induced traits in Cluster 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants while high hundred-seed weight was induced in Cluster 6 of Moussa local mutants.

关键词： Cowpea Mutagenesis Gamma Rays Radio-Sensitivity Phenotyping

Enhanced diagnostic workup increases pathological findings in patients with acute ischaemic stroke:results of the prospective HEBRAS study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第2期9卷 145-152,I0414-I0425页

作者： Simon Hellwig Thomas Krause jan F Scheitz j.liane Herm Ulrike Grittner Nadj. j.uert j.chen B Fiebach Mario Kasner Wolfram Doehner Matthias Endres Rolf Wachter Thomas Elgeti Christian H Nolte Karl Georg Haeusler Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Center for Stroke Research Berlin BerlinGermany Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBerlinGermany Department of Neurology Jüdisches Krankenhaus BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases(DZHK) Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT) Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Department of Radiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Neurology University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany

Background Stroke aetiology remains cryptogenic in a relevant proportion of patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS).We assessed whether enhanced diagnostic workup after AIS yields a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings compared with routine diagnostic care *** Hospitalised patients with AIS were prospectively enrolled in the investigator-initiated observational HEart and BRain Interfaces in Acute Ischaemic Stroke(HEBRAS)study at the Charité,Berlin,*** with AIS without known atrial fibrillation(AF)underwent cardiovascular MR imaging(CMR),MR-angiography of the aortic arch and prolonged Holter-ECG monitoring on top of routine diagnostic *** Among 356 patients with AIS(mean age 66 years,37.6%female),enhanced workup yielded a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings compared with routine care(17.7%vs 5.3%;p<0.001).Consequently,fewer patients were classified as cryptogenic after enhanced diagnostic workup(38.5%vs 45.5%,p<0.001).Routine care included echocardiography in 228(64.0%)*** was successfully performed in 292(82.0%)patients and revealed more often a prespecified pathological finding compared with routine echocardiography(16.1%vs 5.3%).Furthermore,study-related ECG monitoring(median duration 162 hours(IQR 98–210))detected AF in 16(4.5%)patients,while routine monitoring(median duration 51 hours(IQR 34–74))detected AF in seven(2.0%)*** Enhanced diagnostic workup revealed a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings in patients with AIS compared with routine diagnostic care and significantly reduced the proportion of patients with cryptogenic *** registration number NCT02142413.

关键词： routine patients prospective