检索结果-南通市图书馆

International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第1期32卷 60-72页

作者： valentin golosov Nadezhda Ivanova Saniya Kurbanova Kazan Federal University Lomonosov Moscow State University

The southern half of the Russian Plain is characterized by a relatively short history of intensively ploughed *** duration varies from approximately three centuries in the southern part of the forest zone to less than one century in some parts of the steppe *** was found that after cultivation,on more than 40%of lands in river basins the drainage valley density(Ddv) decreased by 15-58%in all landscape *** the first stage,the Ddvdecrease was mostly associated with increasing surface runoff coefficient after cultivation of virgin lands with proportional decreases in groundwater *** the second stage,usually after reaching areas of arable lands in river basins > 60%,the volume of eroded sediments entering small river channels exceeded the transport capacities of the permanent *** a result,the river channels completely *** later stages,the sediment redistribution cascade within the small river basins of the Russian Plain stabilized because of the increasing proportion of sediment eroded from the basin areas and re-deposited before entering the river channels because of the increasing area of sediment sinks due to the increase in dry valley lengths and total *** morphological parameters of small valleys and groundwater discharges are the key parameters that affect the intensity of small river aggradation on the regional scale.

关键词： Soil erosion Sediment redistribution Climate change Land use change European Russia

Soil erosion: An important indicator for the assessment of land degradation neutrality in Russia

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 418-429页

作者： Petr Tsvmbarovich German Kust Mikhail Kumani valentin golosov Olga Andreeva Institute of Geography RAS Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia Kursk State University KurskRussia

This review of soil erosion(SE)studies in Russia focuses on two main tasks:(i)ensuring the completeness and reliability of SE data in Russia,a large country(17.1 million km2)with a variety of natural and socio-economic causes of land degradation,(ii)assessing the possibility of including a SE indicator among the indicators of land degradation neutrality(LDN).A wide range of statistical,remote sensing,mathematical modeling *** results of scientific and field studies obtained at different levels were *** is asserted that in Russia the total area of eroded lands and those under erosion risk occupy more than 50%of all agricultural lands,whereas soil fertility of croplands decreased in Soviet time(from 1950s to 1980s)by 30-60%only due to water ***,recent scientific studies indicate a decrease in erosion rate and in the area of eroded land during the last 30-40 years as a result of abandonment of arable land and subsequent overgrown with natural *** climate change resulting in decrease of the depth of soil freezing,flow of spring runoff also adds to the decrease of soil *** SE indicator was suggested as an important complement to three global LDN *** national and subnational level,it can be interpreted through such indices as"Rate of soil loss"(ton ha-1 yr-1)and"Total soil loss"(1000 tons,in certain area during selected time period).At local level the set of indices can be wider and site-specific,including those obtained through remote sensing data by using the classifier of thematic applications of remote sensing technologies;the example was tested at the local site.

关键词： Russian Federation Soil erosion Land degradation neutrality

The history and assessment of effectiveness of soil erosion control measures deployed in Russia

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 26-35页

作者： valentin golosov Vladimir Belyaev Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State LniversitvGSP-1Moscow Russia Lomonosov Moscow State Lniversity GSP-1Moscow Russia

Research activities aimed at design and application of soil conservation measures for reduction of soil losses from cultivated fields started in Russia in the last quarter of the 19th century.A network of"zonal agrofor-estry melioration experimental stations"was organized in the different landscape zones of Russia in the first half of the 20th *** main task of the experiments was to develop effective soil conservation measures for Russian climatic,soil and land use *** most widespread and large-scale introduction of coun-termeasures to cope with soil erosion by water and wind into agricultural practice supported by serious governmental investments took place during the Soviet Union period after the Second World *** the Soviet Union collapse in 1991,general deterioration of the agricultural economy sector and the absence of investments resulted in cessation of organized soil conservation measures application at the nation-wide ***,some of the long-term erosion control measures such as forest shelter belts,artificial slope terracing,water diversion dams above formerly active gully heads survived until the *** the case study of sediment redistribution within the small cultivated catchment presented in this paper an attempt was made to evaluate average annual erosion rates on arable slopes with and without soil conservation measures for two time *** has been found that application of conservation measures on cultivated slopes within the experimental part of the case study catchment has led to a decrease of average soil loss rates by at least 2.52.8 *** figures obtained are in good agreement with previously published results of direct monitoring of snowmelt erosion rates,reporting approximately a 3-fold decrease of average snowmelt erosion rates in the experimental sub-catchment compared to a traditionally cultivated control sub-catchment.A substantial decrease of soil erosion rates on arable slopes has been equall

关键词： Soil erosion Soil conservation Sediment redistribution ^(137)Cs European Russia

Principal Denudation Processes and Their Contribution to Fluvial Suspended Sediment Yields in the Upper Yangtze River Basin and Volga River Basin

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第1期12卷 101-122页

作者： valentin golosov ZHANG Xin-bao HE Xiu-bin TANG Qiang ZHOU Ping Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Geography Moscow State University Kazan (Volga region) State University State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Ecoenvironment Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper synthesized the principal land denudation processes and their role in determining riverine suspended sediment yields(SSY) in two typical geographical environments of the Upper Yangtze River Basin in China and the Volga River Basin in Eastern Europe. In the Upper Yangtze River Basin, natural factors including topography, climate,lithology and tectonic activity are responsible for the spatial variation in the magnitude of denudation *** disturbances have contributed to the temporal changes of soil erosion and fluvial SSY during the past decades. On one hand, land use change caused by deforestation and land reclamation has played an important role in the acceleration of sediment production from the central hilly area and lower Jinsha catchment; On the other hand, diverse soil conservation practices(e.g., reforestation,terracing) have contributed to a reduction of soil erosion and sediment production since the late 1980 *** was difficult to explicitly decouple the effect of mitigation measures in the Lower Jinsha River Basindue to the complexity associated with sediment redistribution within river channels(active channel migration and significant sedimentation). The whole basin can be subdivided into seven sub-regions according to the different proportional inputs of principal denudation processes to riverine SSY. In the Volga River Basin, anthropogenic sheet, rill and gully erosion are the predominant denudation processes in the southern region, while channel bank and bed erosion constitutes the main source of riverine suspended sediment flux in the northern part of the basin. Distribution of cultivated lands significantly determined the intensity of denudation *** relief characteristics also considerably influence soil erosion rates and SSY in the southern Volga River Basin. Lithology, soil cover and climate conditions determined the spatial distribution of sheet, rill and gully erosion intensity, but they play a secondary role in SSY s

关键词：长江上游流域剥蚀过程悬浮泥沙河流域伏尔加产量土壤侵蚀速率土地利用变化

SOME APPROACHES FOR STUDYING THE INTENSITY OF SMALL RIVER AGGRADATION

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Sediment Research 1996年第2期 38-46页

作者： V.N.golosov( Faculty of Geography,Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia,1198899)

ＳＯＭＥＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨＥＳＦＯＲＳＴＵＤＹＩＮＧＴＨＥＩＮＴＥＮＳＩＴＹＯＦＳＭＡＬＬＲＩＶＥＲＡＧＧＲＡＤＡＴＩＯＮＶ．Ｎ．Ｇｏｌｏｓｏｖ（ＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＳｏｉｌａｎｄＦｌｕｖｉａｌＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ，... 详细信息

ＳＯＭＥＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨＥＳＦＯＲＳＴＵＤＹＩＮＧＴＨＥＩＮＴＥＮＳＩＴＹＯＦＳＭＡＬＬＲＩＶＥＲＡＧＧＲＡＤＡＴＩＯＮＶ．Ｎ．Ｇｏｌｏｓｏｖ（ＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＳｏｉｌａｎｄＦｌｕｖｉａｌＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ，ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈ...

关键词： River aggradation Soil erosion Period of cultivation Sediment budget Assessment Steppe zone Sedimentation

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光学薄膜激光损伤阈值测量不确定度

红外与激光工程 2017年第8期46卷 87-93页

作者：徐均琪苏俊宏葛锦蔓基玛格拉索夫西安工业大学陕西省薄膜技术与光学检测重点实验室陕西西安710021 白俄罗斯国立信息与无线电电子大学白俄罗斯明斯克220013

光学薄膜的激光损伤阈值是评价其激光耐受性能好坏的一个重要指标。对薄膜激光损伤阈值的准确评价和测定,是判断其激光耐受性能和进行相互比对的基础。通过对激光损伤阈值测试系统误差的溯源分析和计算机模拟,给出了优化测试系统的方向... 详细信息

光学薄膜的激光损伤阈值是评价其激光耐受性能好坏的一个重要指标。对薄膜激光损伤阈值的准确评价和测定,是判断其激光耐受性能和进行相互比对的基础。通过对激光损伤阈值测试系统误差的溯源分析和计算机模拟,给出了优化测试系统的方向。研究结果表明:在激光光斑确定的情况下,激光能量越高,能量密度的误差越大。因此在满足需要的情况下,应该尽可能选取较低的激光能量。在激光能量确定的情况下,存在一个临界光斑,当小于临界光斑时,能量密度误差变化非常剧烈,光斑越小,能量密度误差越大。测试系统的激光光斑大于临界光斑时系统的误差较小,小于临界光斑时系统的误差急剧变大。因此,在激光损伤阈值测试系统中,应该优选临界光斑或者大于临界光斑。激光损伤阈值拟合产生的最大误差为最大能级的激光能量误差,因此要尽可能降低激光器的脉冲能量。由此可见,设计合理的系统参数,可以最大程度降低测量结果的不确定度。

关键词：激光损伤阈值薄膜测量不确定度损伤

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

菜单成本和菲利普斯曲线

经济资料译丛 2008年第1期 58-75页

作者： golosov Mikhail Jr Robert E Lucas 张艳丽（译）任洲鸿（译）不详中国人民大学经济学院 100872 曲阜师范大学（日照校区）经济学院 273165

这篇文章提出了一个货币经济模型，在该模型中，个别厂商受制于特别生产率冲击和全面通货膨胀的影响。卖方在承担实际“菜单成本”的情况下才可能改变价格，利用Klenow和Kryvtsov所提供的美国最新的单个价格的数据集，我们校正这一成本... 详细信息

这篇文章提出了一个货币经济模型，在该模型中，个别厂商受制于特别生产率冲击和全面通货膨胀的影响。卖方在承担实际“菜单成本”的情况下才可能改变价格，利用Klenow和Kryvtsov所提供的美国最新的单个价格的数据集，我们校正这一成本和特殊冲击的方差以及自相关，该校正了的模型关于高通胀对价格变化频率影响的预测，与来自不同研究数据非常一致，

关键词：菜单成本菲利普斯曲线货币经济模型价格变化通货膨胀生产率数据集自相关

沉积速率对H4膜光学带隙及激光损伤特性的影响

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光电子．激光 2016年第10期27卷 1054-1059页

作者：徐均琪苏俊宏杭良毅基玛.格拉索夫西安工业大学陕西省薄膜技术与光学检测重点实验室西安710021 白俄罗斯国立信息与无线电电子大学

采用电子束热蒸发技术在石英基底上制备了H4薄膜,并对其光学和激光损伤特性进行了研究。根据透射率谱计算出薄膜的光学带隙发现,光学带隙随着沉积速率的降低而增大,其值大小在4.66～4.73eV。椭偏测试结果表明,当沉积速率从0.92nm/s、0.1... 详细信息

采用电子束热蒸发技术在石英基底上制备了H4薄膜,并对其光学和激光损伤特性进行了研究。根据透射率谱计算出薄膜的光学带隙发现,光学带隙随着沉积速率的降低而增大,其值大小在4.66～4.73eV。椭偏测试结果表明,当沉积速率从0.92nm/s、0.17nm/s、0.08nm/s降低到0.03nm/s时,薄膜折射率从1.955 2、1.919 8、1.901 8降低到1.895 4（1 064nm）。所有样品的消光系数量级均优于10-5,说明薄膜表现出极小的吸收。薄膜的激光损伤形貌和激光损伤阈值（LIDT）受沉积速率的影响不大,同一激光能量作用下,薄膜的损伤斑大小基本一致,但0.92nm/s时制备的薄膜,其损伤区与未损伤区存在相互交错现象。当沉积速率从0.03nm/s变化到0.92nm/s时,薄膜激光损伤阈值在16～17J/cm^2（1 064nm,10ns）之间。

关键词：薄膜 H4 光学带隙折射率激光损伤阈值(LIDT)

辐照激光能量对SiO_2薄膜特性及结构的影响

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

应用光学 2014年第2期35卷 348-352页

作者：郭芳徐均琪苏俊宏党少坤基玛.格拉索夫西安工业大学陕西省薄膜技术与光学检测重点实验室陕西西安710021 白俄罗斯国立信息与无线电电子大学白俄罗斯明斯克鲍里索夫220013

为了认识SiO2薄膜在激光辐照下的变化,本文以K9玻璃为基底,采用电子束热蒸发方法制备了SiO2薄膜,并将此组在相同实验条件下制备的薄膜加以不同能量的激光辐照,研究在激光辐照前后样片的透射率、折射率、消光系数、膜厚、表面形貌及激光... 详细信息

为了认识SiO2薄膜在激光辐照下的变化,本文以K9玻璃为基底,采用电子束热蒸发方法制备了SiO2薄膜,并将此组在相同实验条件下制备的薄膜加以不同能量的激光辐照,研究在激光辐照前后样片的透射率、折射率、消光系数、膜厚、表面形貌及激光损伤阈值(LIDT)的变化。结果表明,样片膜厚随激光能量的增加而减小,辐照激光能改善薄膜表面形貌,并使样片LIDT值提高,最终能使样片的LIDT值从16.96J/cm2提高至18.8J/cm2。

关键词： SiO2薄膜辐照激光激光损伤阈值(LIDT) 影响

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

比较2种溅射方法镀制的氧化硅薄膜

应用光学 2010年第5期31卷 855-859页

作者：朱昌米高园达斯坦科格拉索夫扎瓦斯基西安工业大学陕西西安710032 白俄罗斯国立信息与无线电大学白俄罗斯明斯科220013

比较了磁控反应溅射（RMS）法与离子束反应溅射（RIBS）法沉积得到的氧化硅薄膜的光学特性,并确定了其对折射率n、消光系数k、沉积速率和混合工作气体Ar/O2中氧含量的依赖性关系。工作气体中O2含量大于15%时通过RMS法沉积的氧化硅薄膜在... 详细信息

比较了磁控反应溅射（RMS）法与离子束反应溅射（RIBS）法沉积得到的氧化硅薄膜的光学特性,并确定了其对折射率n、消光系数k、沉积速率和混合工作气体Ar/O2中氧含量的依赖性关系。工作气体中O2含量大于15%时通过RMS法沉积的氧化硅薄膜在0.63μm波长折射率约为1.52-1.55,消光系数低于10^-5。当O2含量在80%以上时RIBS方法沉积氧化硅薄膜的折射率n=1.52-1.6,消光系数低于10^-5。用RMS沉积SiO2薄膜,当氧气量超过15%时发生反应模式,此时沉积速率下降近5倍。而用RIBS时,沉积速率并不依赖氧气在混合工作气体中的含量。

关键词：磁控反应溅射离子束反应溅射折射率消光系数