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mutual regulation of microglia and astrocytes after Gas6 inhibits spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 557-573页

作者： Jiewen Chen Xiaolin Zeng le Wang Wenwu Zhang Gang li Xing Cheng Peiqiang Su Yong Wan Xiang li Department of Spine Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Province Key laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord *** and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close ***,the mechanisms involved remain *** this study,we found that after spinal cord injury,resting microglia(m0)were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes(mG1 and mG3),while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming *** expression of growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6)and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord *** vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia,and even inhibited the cross-regulation between *** further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling ***,in turn,inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling *** vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord,thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function ***,Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord *** can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes,attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment,and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.

关键词： astrocytes Axl cell polarization Gas6 Hippo signal inflammatory micro-environment intercellular interaction microglia single-cell sequencing spinal cord injury

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Getting physical with medical education:Exercise based virtual anatomy review classes for medical students

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World Journal of methodology 2025年第1期15卷 20-25页

作者： Nadeesha R Samarasinghe Taniya S Nagpal michele l Barbeau Charys m martin Division of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3ABCanada Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada

The benefits of regular physical activity are well ***,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary *** investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(mSK)anatomy course *** synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy *** fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously *** the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving mSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental *** participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of mSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce *** majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social ***,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement mSK course *** with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.

关键词： medical education musculoskeletal Anatomy Exercise Online learning

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs víctor Cilleros-mañé laia Just-Borràs marta Balanyà-Segura Aleksandra Polishchuk laura Nadal marta Tomàs Carolina Silvera-Simón manel m.Santafé maria A.lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through l-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

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Do I need to see a urologist for my vasectomy?A comparison of practice patterns between urologists and family medicine physicians

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 540-543页

作者： Natasza m Posielski Daniel D Shapiro Xing Wang Brian v le Department of Urology University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA Department of Biostatistics University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA.

Urologists perform the majority of vasectomies in the United States;however,family medicine physicians(FmPs)perform up to 35%.We hypothesized that d iff ere nces exist in practice patterns and outcomes between urologists and *** nts who underwent a vasectomy from 2010 to 2016 were *** semen analysis(PvSA)practices were compared between urologists and FmPs,before and after release of the 2012 AUA vasectomy *** 2010 to 2016,FmPs performed 1435(35.1%)of all *** follow-up rates were similar between the two groups(63.4%vs 64.8%,P=0.18).Of the patients with follow-up,the median number of PvSAs obtained was 1(range 1-6)in both groups(P=0.22).Following the release of guidelines,fewer urologists obtained multiple PvSAs(69.8%vs 28.9%pre-and post-2012,PmPs had a significant but lesser change in the use of multiple PvSAs(47.5%vs 38.4%,Pmade appropriate changes in the timing of the first PvSA,but FmPs continued to obtain PvSAs before 8 weeks(15.0%vs 6.5%,PmPs had a higher rate of positive results in PvSAs obtained after 8 weeks,the earliest recommended by the AUA guidelines(4.1%vs 1.3%,PvSA utilization between FmPs and urologists were identified and were impacted by the release of AUA guidelines in *** summary,FmPs obtained multiple PvSAs more frequently and continued to obtain PvSAs prior to the 8-week recommendation,suggesting less penetration of AUA guidelines to nonurology ***,FmPs had more positive results on PvSAs obtained within the recommended window.

关键词： evidence-based practice family practice semen analysis urologist vasectomy

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Tuning the particle size,physical properties,and photocatalytic activity of Ag_(3)PO_(4)materials by changing the Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第3期32卷 561-568页

作者： Hung N m Oanh l T m Chung D P Thang D v mai v T Hang l T minh N v Center for Nano Science and Technology Hanoi National University of Education136 Xuan Thuy RoadCau Giay DistrictHanoi 100000Vietnam Department of Physics Hanoi National University of Education136 Xuan Thuy RoadCau Giay DistrictHanoi 100000Vietnam Hanoi University of mining and Geology Duc Thang WardNorth Tu Liem DistrictHanoi 100000Vietnam Institute of materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoi 100000Vietnam Faculty of Basic Sciences Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment41 A Phu Dien RoadNorth Tu LiemHanoi 100000Vietnam

This study demonstrates the influence of the Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio in precursor solution on the crystal structural formation,morphology,physical properties,and photocatalytic performance of a Ag_(3)PO_(4)photocatalyst that is fabricated,using a facile precipitation method,from AgNO_(3)and Na2HPO_(4)·12H_(2)*** material characterizations were carried out using x-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEm),energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDX),Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)surface area,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)absorption,Raman scattering,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Uv-vis absorption,and photoluminescence(Pl).The results show that Ag_(3)PO_(4)crystallizes better when the excess PO_(4)^(3-)content increases,and the lattice parameters decrease slightly,while the crystal diameter and the particle size *** change is also observed in the Raman scattering and FTIR spectra with the increase in the vibration frequency of the[PO_(4)]*** compression of the[PO_(4)]unit was also confirmed in the XPS spectra with the shift of P 2p peaks toward higher binding *** photocatalytic results showed that the samples synthesized from excess PO_(4)^(3-)solution exhibited higher photocatalytic performance compared to the sample with a Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio of 3:1.A sample prepared from the precursor solution with a Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio of 3:1.5 was optimal for RhB decomposition under both visible light and natural sunlight,completely decomposing 10 ppm RhB after 15 minutes of xenon lamp irradiation and after 60 minutes under solar light *** is attributed to the high crystallinity,small particle size and low electron–hole recombination rate of the sample.

关键词： morphology photocatalytic Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio visible light

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Preliminary Investigation of Full model of Two-mode Scramjet

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Journal of Thermal Science 2001年第2期10卷 97-102页

作者： J.l.le m.A.Goldfeld 等 CentreofAerodynamicsResearchandDevelopmentofChina MianyangSichuan621000China InstituteofTheoreticala

In this paper results of previous researches of two-mode full engine model for mach number range from 3 to 6 are presented. The main aims of researches are to obtain characteristics of full engine model and its components (the inlet, the combustion chamber and the nozzle) in ramjet and scramjet regimes and to compare these characteristics with the calculation results according to CFD and to approximate (engineering) methods. Tests were carried out without ha supply (cold tests) and with fuel supply (study of ignition and combustion).Hydrocarbon and hydrogen fuel (gaseous or liquid) were used during the tests.

关键词： full engine hypersonic flow fuel inlet combustion wind tunnel experiment.

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Hydrodynamic Interaction of Elastic Capsules in Bounded Shear Flow

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第9期16卷 1031-1055页

作者： D.v.le Zhijun Tan Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632 School of mathematics and Computational Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Province Key laboratory of Computational Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China.

This paper presents a modified loop’s subdivision algorithm for studying the deformation of a single capsule,the hydrodynamic interaction between two capsules and the hydrodynamic diffusion of a suspension of capsules in bounded shear flow.A subdivision thin-shell model is employed to compute the forces generated on the surface of the elastic capsule during *** capsule surface is approximated using the modified loop’s subdivision scheme which guarantees bounded curvature and C1 continuity everywhere on the limit *** present numerical technique has been validated by studying the deformation of a spherical capsule in shear *** are also performed for a biconcave capsule over a wide range of shear rates and viscosity ratios to investigate its *** addition,the hydrodynamic interaction between two elastic capsules in bounded shear flow is *** on the wall separation distance,the trajectory-bifurcation points that separate reversing and crossing motions for both spherical and biconcave capsules can be *** to the spherical capsules,the biconcave capsules exhibit additional types of interaction such as rotation and head-on *** head-on collision results in a large trajectory shift which contribute to the hydrodynamic diffusion of a suspension.A suspension of a large number of biconcave capsules in shear flow is also simulated to show the ability of the modified scheme in running a large-scale simulation over a long period of time.

关键词： Thin shell elastic capsules red-blood cells subdivision surfaces immersed boundary method Navier-Stokes equations.

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A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for formaldehyde atmospheric measurements validated by simulation chamber instrumentation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 22-33页

作者： v.Catoire F.Bernard Y.mbarki A.mellouki G.Eyglunent v.Daёle C.Robert laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (lPC2E) CNRS-Universit d'Orlans (UMR 6115)Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en rgion Centre (OSUC)3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique45071 Orlans Cedex 2France Institut de Combustion ArothermiqueRactivit et Environnement (ICARE)CNRS (UPR 3021)Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en rgion Centre (OSUC)1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique45071 Orlans Cedex 2France

A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer （TDlAS） for formaldehyde atmospheric measurements has been set up and validated through comparison experiments with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR） in a simulation *** was generated in situ in the chamber from reaction of ethene with *** HCHO ro-vibrational line intensities （at 2909.71,2912.09 and 2914.46 cm-1） possibly used by TDlAS were calibrated by FT-IR spectra simultaneously recorded in the 1600–3200 cm-1 domain during ethene ozonolysis,enabling the on-line deduction of the varying concentration for HCHO in *** experimental line intensities values inferred confirmed the calculated ones from the updated HITRAN *** addition,the feasibility of stratospheric in situ HCHO measurements using the 2912.09 cm-1 line was *** TDlAS performances were also assessed,leading to a 2σ detection limit of 88 ppt in volume mixing ratio with a response time of 60 sec at 30 Torr and 294 K for 112 m optical *** part of this work,the room-temperature rate constant of this reaction and the HCHO formation yield were found to be in excellent agreement with the compiled literature data.

关键词： formaldehyde ethene ozonolysis in situ measurements stratosphere simulation chamber TDlAS FT-IR

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Reduction of friction by normal *** of contact stiffness

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Friction 2017年第1期5卷 45-55页

作者： m.POPOv v.l.POPOv N.v.POPOv Berlin University of Technology Berlin 10623 GermanyTomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634050 RussiaTomsk State University Tomsk 634050 Russia Berlin University of Technology Berlin 10623 Germany

The present paper is devoted to a theoretical analysis of sliding friction under the influence of oscillations perpendicular to the sliding *** contrast to previous works we analyze the influence of the stiffness of the tribological contact in detail and also consider the case of large oscillation amplitudes at which the contact is lost during a part of the oscillation period,so that the sample starts to 'jump'.It is shown that the macroscopic coefficient of friction is a function of only two dimensionless parameters-a dimensionless sliding velocity and dimensionless oscillation *** function in turn depends on the shape of the contacting *** the present paper,analysis is carried out for two shapes:a flat cylindrical punch and a parabolic *** we consider 'stiff systems',where the contact stiffness is small compared with the stiffness of the *** role of the system stiffness will be studied in more detail in a separate paper.

关键词： sliding friction out-of-plane oscillation contact stiffness coefficient of friction active control of friction

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High-speed water impacts of flat plates in different ditching configuration through a Riemann--Ale SPH model

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第1期30卷 38-48页

作者： S.marrone A.Colagrossi l.Chiron m.De leffe D.le Touzé CNR-INSEAN Marine Technology Research Institute Rome Italy NEXTFlOW Software Nantes France lHEEA laboratory (UmR CNRS) Ecole Centrale de Nantes Nantes France

The violent water entry of flat plates is investigated using a Riemann-arbitrary Eulerian-lagrangian（Ale） smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） model. The test conditions are of interest for problems related to aircraft and helicopter emergency landing in water. Three main parameters are considered： the horizontal velocity, the approach angle（i.e., vertical to horizontal velocity ratio） and the pitch angle, a. Regarding the latter, small angles are considered in this study. As described in the theoretical work by Zhao and Faltinsen（1993）, for small a a very thin, high-speed jet of water is formed, and the time-spatial gradients of the pressure field are extremely high. These test conditions are very challenging for numerical solvers. In the present study an enhanced SPH model is firstly tested on a purely vertical impact with deadrise angle α=4°. An in-depth validation against analytical solutions and experimental results is carried out, highlighting the several critical aspects of the numerical modelling of this kind of flow, especially when pressure peaks are to be captured. A discussion on the main difficulties when comparing to model scale experiments is also provided. Then, the more realistic case of a plate with both horizontal and vertical velocity components is discussed and compared to ditching experiments recently carried out at CNR-INSEAN. In the latter case both 2-D and 3-D simulations are considered and the importance of 3-D effects on the pressure peak is discussed for α=4° and α=10°.

关键词： Aircraft ditching high-speed water entry smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)

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