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Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019(HCov-19/SARS-Cov-2):why is this work important?

Zoological Research 2020年第3期41卷 213-219页

作者： Gary wong Yu-Hai Bi Qi-Hui wang Xin-wen Chen Zhi-Gang Zhang Yong-Gang Yao CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular virology&Immunology Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology Laval UniversityQuebec G1V 4G2Canada CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Early-warning(CASCIRE)CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430071China State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COvID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCov-19/SARS-Cov-2/2019-nCov), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCov-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCov and MERS-Cov, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. we propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCov-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.

关键词： origin why is this work important HCov-19/SARS-Cov-2 Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019

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The pathway and fate of the heavy metal mixture in Xiamen marine experiment enclosures

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1990年第3期9卷 389-403页

作者： Li Jinxia, Du Ronggui, Zhang Gongxun , C. S. wong, R. w. Macdonald2 and w. K. Johnson2 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen , China Institute of Ocean Sciences, P. O. Box 6000, Sidney, B. C. v8L 4B2, Canada

The pathway and fate of heavy metals were studied in 10m3 enclosures at Xiamen Bay in 1985. The dissolved metals added are removed rather quickly during the first days, and their half-removal times ( t1/2) (d) are as follows: Pb 5. 4-5. 8, Hg 6. 7-14, Zn 11-22, Cu 16 - 29, and Cd 30-89. Zinc is transferred biologically to particles during phytoplankton bloom. The main Fate of added metals after 27 days is as follows; over 80% Cd and 60% Cu remain in dissolved phase, more than 60% Pb and 50% Hg transfer to settling settlement, while Zn is equally distributed in dissolved phase and settling settlement. The wall uptake is less than 2% of the total metals added. Organic materials play an essential role in the partition and the transfer of heavy metals in water column. Terrigenous and autochthonous particles show different affinities to different metals. Most heavy metals associate weakly with zooplankton. The Binding of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu to the particles shows distinctive features related to the diagenetic alteration.

关键词： The pathway and fate of the heavy metal mixture in Xiamen marine experiment enclosures

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A review of strategies to overcome immune resistance in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第3期6卷 656-673页

作者： Kenneth Sooi Robert walsh Nesaretnam Kumarakulasinghe Alvin wong Natalie Ngoi Department of Haematology-Oncology National University Cancer InstituteSingapore 119228Singapore

Immunotherapy has become integral in cancer therapeutics over the past two decades and is now part of standard-of-care treatment in multiple cancer types. while various biomarkers and pathway alterations such as dMMR, CDK12, and AR-v7 have been identified in advanced prostate cancer to predict immunotherapy responsiveness, the vast majority of prostate cancer remain intrinsically immune-resistant, as evidenced by low response rates to anti-PD(L)1 monotherapy. Since regulatory approval of the vaccine therapy sipuleucel-T in the biomarker-unselected population, there has not been much success with immunotherapy treatment in advanced prostate cancer. Researchers have looked at various strategies to overcome immune resistance, including the identification of more biomarkers and the combination of immunotherapy with existing effective prostate cancer treatments. On the horizon, novel drugs using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) technology are being explored and have shown promising early efficacy in this disease. Here we discuss the features of the tumour microenvironment that predispose to immune resistance and rational strategies to enhance antitumour responsiveness in advanced prostate cancer.

关键词： Prostate cancer immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor immune resistance tumour microenvironment

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Growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella strains from polar,temperate and tropical freshwater environments under temperature stress

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1266-1279页

作者： Kok-Keong LEE Phaik-Eem LIM Sze-wan POONG Chiew-Yen wong Siew-Moi PHANG John BEARDALL Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya Institute of Graduate Studies University of Malaya School of Health Sciences International Medical University National Antarctic Research Centre University of Malaya Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya School of Biological Sciences Monash University

Elevated temperatures as a consequence of global warming have significant impacts on the adaptation and survival of microalgae which are important primary producers in many ecosystems. The impact of temperature on the photosynthesis of microalgae is of great interest as the primary production of algal biomass is strongly dependent on the photosynthetic rates in a dynamic environment. Here, we examine the effects of elevated temperature on Chlorella strains originating from different latitudes, namely Antarctic, Arctic, temperate and tropical regions. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to assess the photosynthetic responses of the microalgae. Rapid light curves(RLCs) and maximum quantum yield( F_v/F_m) were recorded. The results showed that Chlorella originating from different latitudes portrayed different growth trends and photosynthetic performance. The Chlorella genus is eurythermal, with a broad temperature tolerance range, but with strain-specific characteristics. However, there was a large overlap between the tolerance range of the four strains due to their "eurythermal adaptivity". Changes in the photosynthetic parameters indicated temperature stress. The ability of the four strains to reactivate photosynthesis after inhibition of photosynthesis under high temperatures was also studied. The Chlorella strains were shown to recover in terms of photosynthesis and growth(measured as Chl a) when they were returned to their ambient temperatures. Polar strains showed faster recovery in their optimal temperature compared to that under the ambient temperature from which they were isolated.

关键词： Antarctic Arctic Fv/Fm microalgae pigments recovery

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Prostate magnetic resonance imaging and the value of experience:An intrareader variability study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 488-493页

作者： Thomas whish-wilson Jo-Lynn Tan william Cross Lih-Ming wong Tom Sutherland Department of Surgery St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne41 Victoria PdeFitzroy VICAustralia Department of Surgery The University of MelbourneMelbourne VICAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of MelbourneMelbourne VICAustralia Medical Imaging Department St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne41 Victoria PdeFitzroy VICAustralia

Objective To measure the intraobserver concordance of an experienced genitourinary radiologist reporting of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate(mpMRIp)scans over *** An experienced genitourinary radiologist re-reported his original 100 consecutive mpMRIp scans using Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2(PI-RADS v2)after 5 years of further experience comprising>1000 *** agreement was measured using Cohen's ***,specificity,negative predictive value(NPv),positive predictive value(PPv),and accuracy were calculated,and comparison of sensitivity was performed using McNemar's *** Ninety-six mpMRIp scans were included in our final *** the 96 patients,53(55.2%)patients underwent subsequent biopsy(n=43)or prostatectomy(n=15),with 73 lesions *** agreement(Cohen's kappa 0.55)was seen in the number of lesions identified at initial reporting and on re-reading(81 vs.39 total lesions;and 71 vs.37 number of PI-RADS≥3 lesions).For clinically significant prostate cancer,re-reading demonstrated an increase in specificity(from 43%to 89%)and PPv(from 62%to 87%),but a decrease in sensitivity(from 94%to 72%,p=0.01)and NPv(from 89%to 77%).Conclusion The intraobserver agreement for a novice to experienced radiologist reporting mpMRIp using PI-RADS v2 is *** sensitivity is off-set by improved specificity and PPv,which validate mpMRIp as a gold standard for prebiopsy screening.

关键词： Prostate cancer Magneticresonance imaging Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System Intrareader Prostate biopsy

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Differing profiles of people diagnosed with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in British Columbia,Canada

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第11期24卷 1216-1227页

作者： Mawuena Binka Zahid A Butt Stanley wong Mei Chong Jane A Buxton Nuria Chapinal Amanda Yu Maria Alvarez Maryam Darvishian Jason wong Gina McGowan Mikhail Torban Mark Gilbert Mark Tyndall Mel Krajden Naveed Z Janjua British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Vancouver BC V5Z4R4Canada School of Population and Public Health University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC V6T1Z3Canada Division of Population and Public Health Ministry of HealthVictoria BC V8W9P1Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC V6T1Z2Canada

AIM To describe the characteristics of people diagnosed with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus(HBv) infection in British Columbia(BC).METHODS we used data from the BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort(BCHTC),which includes all individuals tested for hepatitis C virus(HCv) or human immunodeficiency virus(HIv) or those diagnosed with HBv or active tuberculosis in BC since *** data were integrated with prescription drug,medical visit,hospitalization and mortality *** cases were classified as acute or chronic according to provincial *** compared characteristics of individuals by HBv infection group(acute,chronic and negative).Factors associated with acute or chronic HBv infection were assessed with multinomial logistic regression models in comparison to the HBv negative ***46498 of the 1058056 eligible BC-HTC participants were diagnosed with HBv infection.4.3% of HBv positive individuals were diagnosed with acute HBv infections while 95.7% had chronic *** alcohol use,injection drug use,and HIv or HCv co-infection were more common among individuals diagnosed with acute HBv compared to those with chronic infections and HBv negative *** multivariable multinomial logistic regression models,we observed significant associations between acute or chronic HBv diagnosis and being male,age at HBv diagnosis or birth cohort,South and East Asian ethnicity,HCv or HIv infection,and injection drug *** odds of acute HBv decreased with increasing age among people who inject drugs,while the opposite was true for chronic *** with acute HBv were predominantly white(78%) while those with chronic HBv were mostly East Asian(60%).Relative to whites,East Asians had 12 times greater odds of being diagnosed with chronic HBv *** odds increased with increasing socioeconomic *** Differences in the profiles of people diagnosed with acute and chronic HBv infection necessitate differentiated screening,preven

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Ethnicity Drug use Acute hepatitis B BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort North America

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Hepatitis B infection among adults in the philippines:A national seroprevalence study

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world Journal of Hepatology 2013年第4期5卷 214-219页

作者： Stephen N wong Janus P Ong Madalinee Eternity D Labio Oscar T Cabahug Maria Lourdes O Daez Erlinda v valdellon Jose D Sollano Jr Marilyn O Arguillas Section of Gastroenterology University of Santo Tomas HospitalManila 1008Philippines Section of Gastroenterology University of the Philippines-Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines Center for Liver Disease Management and Transplantation The Medical CityPasig 1605Philippines College of Medicine University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical CenterQuezon City 1113Philippines Department of Internal Medicine Davao Doctors HospitalDavao 8000Philippines

AIM:To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)seropositivity among adult ***:Testing for HBsAg was performed on serum samples from persons aged ≥ 20 years old who participated in the National Nutrition and Health Survey(NNHeS)conducted in *** on age,sex,marital status,educational attainment,employment status,and income were *** this study,marital status was classified as never married or otherwise(i.e.,married,divorced,separated,widowed);educational attainment was classified as high school graduate or below or at least some tertiary education;and employment status was classified as currently employed or currently *** income was divided into 4 quartiles in Philippine pesos(PhP):Q1,≤ PhP 53064;Q2,PhP 53065-92192;Q3,PhP 92193-173387;and Q4,≥ PhP *** estimates were weighted so that they represented the general *** and demographic factors were correlated with HBsAg *** analysis was used to determine independent predictors of HBsAg ***:A total of 2150 randomly selected adults,20 years and over,out of the 4753 adult participants of NNHeS were tested for *** HBsAg seroprevalence was 16.7%(95%CI:14.3%-19.1%),which corresponded to an estimated 7278968 persons infected with hepatitis *** was no significant difference between males and females(17.5% vs 16.0%;P = 0.555).This corresponded to an estimated 3721775 men and 3557193 women infected with hepatitis *** HBsAg seroprevalence peaked at age 20-39 years old,with declining prevalence in the older age *** only independent predictor of HBsAg seropositivity was the annual income,with persons in the highest income quartile being less likely to be HBsAg positive(age-adjusted OR = 0.51;95%CI:0.30-0.86)compared to subjects in the lowest income ***,marital status,educational attainment,and employment status were not found to be independent predictors of HBsAg serop

关键词： Prevalence Hepatitis B Survey Philippines Asia

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Antimicrobial Activity of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Common Oral Bacteria

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Chinese Medicine 2011年第2期2卷 37-42页

作者： Michelle K.Z.Yuen Ricky w.K.wong Urban Hagg Lakshman Samaranayake Orthodontics Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Oral Biosciences Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Objective: To evaluate twenty Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) against four oral bacteria. Methods: Twenty TCM were tested for sensitivity against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aliquots of suspension of each bacterial species were inoculated on a horse blood agar (HBA) plate, 6 mm diameter paper disks was soaked in different drug suspensions were placed concentrically on a HBA plate. Disks soaked in 0.2% w/v chlorhexidine were used as positive controls. These HBA plates were incubated for 48 hours anaerobically and the diameters of growth inhibition of three different areas were measured using a calibrated computer software and the mean diameter obtained for each bacteria. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The experiment was repeated on three separate occasions. Results: The TCMs that consistently against Porphyromonas gingivalis, included Folium artemisiae argyi, Fructus crataegi, Rhizoma dryopteris crassirhizomae, Flos magnoliae, Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati, Radix scrophulariae ningpoensis, Galla chinensis, Radix scutellariae baicalensis and Rhizoma coptidis;against Streptococcus mutans included Fructus crataegi, Galla chinensis and Rhizoma copitidis;against Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis included Galla chinensis and Rhizoma copitidis. Conclusion: Rhizoma copitidis and Galla chinensis had inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro.

关键词： Chinese Medicine Antimicrobial Activity Streptococcus Mutans Streptococcus Sanguis Streptococcus Mitis Porphyromonas Gingivalis Oral Biofilm

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Atomistic observation of in situ fractured surfaces at a v-doped wC–Co interface

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第15期110卷 103-108页

作者： Congying Xiang Min Shen Chongze Hu Lok wing wong Hongbo Nie Huasheng Lei Jian Luo Jiong Zhao Zhiyang Yu State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of NanoEngineering Program of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of Applied Physics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China School of Materials Science and Engineering Baise UniversityBaise 533000China

*** Cemented carbides are composites of wC ceramic phases and metallic Co binders that endow them with superior hardness and excellent *** metals are widely used as metal cutting and rock drilling tools[1,2].Their hardness is believed to be inversely proportional to the sizes of wC grains^([3]).Grain growth inhibitors are widely employed to achieve smaller grain sizes.

关键词： toughness grain sizes

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The Padded Posse

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成功营销 2008年第12期 52-53页

作者： Elaine wong

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