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Insect Science 2009年第1期16卷 99-105页

作者： Konstantin B. Gongalsky Svetlana A. Belorustseva Daria M. Kuznetsova Alexander v. Matyukhin Lyubov A. Pelgunova Fyodor A. Savin Alexander S. shapovalov A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Department of Invertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology Moscow State University Moscow Department of Biogeography Faculty of Geography Moscow State University Moscow and 4Belogorye Nature Reserve Monastyrsky pereulok Borisovka Belgorod Region Russian Federation

Soil invertebrates and heavy metal concentrations are heterogeneously distributed in the soil of steppe plots surrounding an iron mining enterprise in southern Russia. This study assesses whether patches of high soil invertebrate abundance coincide with patches of low concentrations of pollutants. For this aim, spatial analysis by distance indices （SADIE） was applied. Three valleys in Belogorye Nature Reserve were chosen. One valley faced the tailing pond to the north and the other two faced south-east or south-west. Two sampling plots were chosen in each valley, 60 m apart from each other. On every plot 16 soil cores were collected from a grid of 4 × 4 units with a 5-m distance between each sample unit. Each soil core had an area of 76 cm2 and was 12-15 cm deep. All macroinvertebrates were hand-sorted and identified to family. Abundance of soil invertebrates was not controlled by patches of metal concentration in the soil. Epigaeic groups, like insects and other invertebrates inhabiting the litter layer, were not directly associated with local parameters of the soil. On the contrary, belowground invertebrate abundance （elaterid larvae and earthworms） showed significant dissociation with some heavy metal （Fe, Pb, Zn） concentrations in the soil. The patchiness of soil pollution may act as a leading factor ofbelowground soil invertebrate distribution. The spatial structure of animal populations in industrially transformed soils needs further research.

关键词： invertebrates macrofauna SADIE soil pollution spatial distribution

On the Role of the Entrostat in the Theory of Self-Organization

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Natural Science 2014年第7期6卷 467-476页

作者： viktor I. shapovalov Nickolay v. Kazakov The volgograd Branch of Moscow Humanitarian-Economics Institute Volgograd Russia The volgograd State Technical University Volgograd Russia

The reasons for introducing the concept of the entrostat in statistical physics are examined. The introduction of the entrostat has allowed researchers to show the possibility of self-organization in open systems within the understanding of entropy as a measure of disorder. The application of the laws written down for the entrostat has also allowed us to formulate the “synergetic open system” concept. A nonlinear model of the activity of a medium-sized company in the market is presented. In the course of the development of this model, the concept of the entrostat was used. This model includes the equation of a firm’s market activity and condition of its stability. It is shown that this stability depends on the income of the average buyers of the firm’s goods and furthermore that the equation estimating the firm’s market activity includes the scenario of a subharmonic cascade, which ends in chaos for the majority of market participants, i.e., in an economic crisis. The feature of this paper is that the decision containing the scenario of the subharmonic cascade is found analytically (instead of numerically, as is customary in the current scientific literature).

关键词： Entrostat Entropy Self-Organization Synergetics Economic Crisis

The fundamental reasons for global catastrophes

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Natural Science 2013年第6期5卷 673-677页

作者： viktor I. shapovalov Nickolay v. Kazakov The volgograd Branch of Moscow Humanitarian-Economics Institute Volgograd Russia The volgograd State Technical University Volgograd Russia

This paper uses a new statistical method for studying self-organization in order to explain the origins of global catastrophes, namely the exceeding of the critical level of the planet’s organization. This method differs from traditional methods, because it uses specific notions such as the “entrostat” and “critical level of the organization of the open system”.

关键词： Self-Organization Entropy Entrostat Global Catastrophes

Numerical Study of the Dynamic, Thermodynamic and Microstructural Parameters of Convective Clouds

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Natural Science 2018年第2期10卷 63-69页

作者： vitaly A. shapovalov Alexander v. shapovalov Boris P. Koloskov Ruslan Kh. Kalov valery N. Stasenko Department of Cloud Physics High-Mountain Geophysical Institute Nalchik Russia Autonomous Nonprofit Organization “Agency of Atmospheric Technologies” Moscow Russia State research center on Space Hydrometeorology PLANETA Moscow Russia

On the basis of a three-dimensional non stationary model of a convective cloud with detailed description of dynamic, thermodynamic and microphysical processes, numerical experiments were conducted to study the formation of parameters of convective clouds under unstable stratification of the atmosphere. Numerical experiments have been carried out to study the formation of convective processes in the atmosphere. The thermo hydrodynamic parameters in the zone of a thunderstorm cloud are determined, and regions with a vortex motion of air are identified. The main flows feeding the convective cloud in the mature stage are determined. Due to the means of visualization, the areas of formation and growth of precipitation particles are identified. In a three-dimensional form, the interaction of dynamic and thermodynamic processes is analyzed. The interaction of fields is manifested in the form of deformation of fields of thermodynamic parameters under the influence of dynamic processes. Trajectories of air streams around a cloud and the trajectories of drops in a cloud are determined. The results of numerical experiments confirm that dynamic processes significantly influence the formation of fields of thermodynamic parameters in the cloud, which also determine the course of microphysical processes and the nature of the growth of precipitation particles.

关键词： Numerical 3D Modeling Convective Processes in the Atmosphere Thermodynamic Parameters Microstructural Parameters velocity Field of Air Flow Particles Trajectories

Mathematical Modeling of the Influence of the Wind Field Structure in the Atmosphere on the Cloud Formation Processes

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2018年第1期8卷 84-96页

作者： Boris A. Ashabokov Lyudmila M. Fedchenko Alexander v. shapovalov Khazhbara M. Kalov Ruslan Kh. Kalov Alla A. Tashilova vitaly A. shapovalov High-Mountain Geophysical Institute Nalchik Russia Institute of Computer Science and Problems of Regional Management Kabardino-Balkarian Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences Nalchik Russia

The state of the physics of convective clouds and cloud seeding is discussed briefly. It is noted that at the present time there is a transition from the stage of investigation of “elementary” processes in the clouds to the stage of studying the formation of macro- and microstructural characteristics of clouds as a whole, taking into account their system properties. The main directions of the development of cloud physics at the upcoming stage of its development are discussed. The paper points out that one of these areas is the determination of the structure-forming factors for the clouds and the study of their influence on their formation and evolution. It is noted that one of such factors is the interaction of clouds with their surrounding atmosphere, and the main method of studying its role in the processes of cloud formation is mathematical modeling. A three-dimensional nonstationary model of convective clouds is presented with a detailed account of the processes of thermohydrodynamics and microphysics, which is used for research. The results of modeling the influence of the wind field structure in the atmosphere on the formation and evolution of clouds are presented. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere have a significant effect on the formation of macro- and microstructural characteristics of convective clouds: the more complex the structure of the wind field in the atmosphere (i.e., the more intense the interaction of the atmosphere and the cloud), the less powerful the clouds are formed.

关键词： Wind in the Atmosphere Wind Field Structure Interaction with Clouds Mod-eling System Properties of Clouds Interaction of Clouds with the Atmosphere Three-Dimensional Cloud Model

Catalytic Conversion of Bioethanol to Ethylene

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2013年第11期7卷 1021-1025页

作者： Tungatarova Svetlana Yergaziyeva Gaukhar Shaizadauly Erdaulet shapovalov Anatolii D. v. Sokolsky Institute of Organic Catalyst and Electrochemistry Almaty 050010 Kazakhstan

Dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene has been investigated on supported cerium-containing catalysts and with additives of lanthanum. It was established that the modification of the 3% Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst by lanthanum increases catalyst dispersion, thereby increasing yield of the main product ethylene. The highest yield of ethylene is observed on the CeLa/γ/-A12O3 catalyst under optimal conditions （space velocity： 6,000 hl, bioethanol concentration： 21.7 g/m3 and T = 400℃）.

关键词： Bioethanol ethylene catalysts.