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Jatropha oil methyl ester and its blends used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2008年第2期1卷 32-38页

作者： Y.v.Hanumantha Rao Ram sudheer voleti v.s.hariharan A.v.sitarama Raju Department of Mechanical Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah College of EngineeringGreen FieldsGuntur-522502Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Lakireddy Balireddy College of EngineeringMylavaramKrishna DtAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Jawaharalal Nehru Technological University College of EngineeringKakinadaPin:533003Andhra PradeshIndia

Biomass derived vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for agricultural diesel *** of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high *** performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the transesterification *** this present work,the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl-ester of Jatropha oil as the fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust *** fuel properties of biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity,calorific value,flash point,carbon residue and specific gravity were *** indicate that B25 has closer performance to diesel and B100 has lower brake thermal efficiency mainly due to its high viscosity compared to *** brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel and its blends was found to be slightly higher than that of diesel fuel at tested load conditions and there was no difference of efficiency between the biodiesel and its blended *** Jatropha biodiesel and its blended fuels,the exhaust gas temperature increased with the increase of power and amount of ***,its diesel blends showed reasonable efficiencies,lower smoke,CO_(2),CO and HC emissions.

关键词： Jatropha oil bio-fuels transesterification performance and emission characteristics

semantic segmentation of Lumbar vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi s v v shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DsC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

Unlocking hypoglycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： siva s.v.P.sakamuri Anil sakamuri Department of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： impaired intake critical

A comprehensive investigation on nonlinear vibration and bending characteristics of bio-inspired helicoidal laminated composite structures

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 81-100页

作者： s.sAURABH R.KIRAN D.sINGH R.vAIsH v.s.CHAUHAN school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

Bio-inspired helicoidal composite laminates, inspired by the intricate helical structures found in nature, present a promising frontier for enhancing the mechanical properties of structural designs. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive investigation into the nonlinear free vibration and nonlinear bending behavior of bio-inspired composite plates. The inverse hyperbolic shear deformation theory(IHsDT) of plates is employed to characterize the displacement field, with the incorporation of Green-Lagrange nonlinearity. The problem is modeled using the C0finite element method(FEM), and an in-house code is developed in the MATLAB environment to solve it numerically. various helicoidal layup configurations including helicoidal recursive(HR), helicoidal exponential(HE), helicoidal semi-circular(Hs), linear helicoidal(LH), and Fibonacci helicoidal(FH)with different layup sequences and quasi-isotropic configurations are studied. The model is validated, and parametric studies are conducted. These studies investigate the effects of layup configurations, side-to-thickness ratio, modulus ratios, boundary conditions, and loading conditions at different load amplitudes on the nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending behaviors of bio-inspired composite plates. The results show that the laminate sequence exerts a substantial impact on both nonlinear natural frequencies and nonlinear bending behaviors. Moreover, this influence varies across different side-to-thickness ratios and boundary conditions of the bio-inspired composite plate.

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Circular cylinder wakes and their control under the influence of oscillatory flows: A numerical study

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and science 2021年第4期6卷 389-399页

作者： sridhar Muddada K.hariharan v.s.sanapala B.s.v.Patnaik Ocean structures National Institute of Ocean TechnologyPallikaraniChennai 600100India vikram sarabhai space Centre ThiruvananthapuramKerala 695022India Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Homi Bhabha National InstituteKalpakkam 603102India Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

Understanding and control of wake vortices past a circular cylinder is a cardinal problem of interest to ocean *** wake formation and vortex shedding behind a variety of ocean structures such as spars,are subjected to fatigue failure limiting their life *** additional influences due to ocean waves and currents further exacerbate these *** the present study,flow past an isolated circu-lar cylindrical structure subjected to an oscillatory upstream are numerically *** studies involve high resolution simulations over the low Reynolds number range(100-200).Although the prac-tical range of interest is in high Reynolds number range of 103-105,the flow physics and a number of qualitative and quantitative aspects are similar to the low Reynolds number *** the high Reynolds number range,statistical averaging tools in conjunction with suitable closure models would be *** control of wake vortices is achieved with the aid of two small rotors located in the aft of the main cylinder.A control algorithm was coupled to determine the quantum of actuation to the rotating *** control of wake vortices was observed for harmonic in-let forcing,residual vortical structures were found to persist at higher amplitudes of *** study the efficacy of this control,numerical simulations were further extended,when the circular cylinder was flexibly *** con-trol of flow induced vibrations was observed to be reasonably effective in controlling the wake generated behind the main cylinder due to oscillatory upstream.

关键词： Active flow control vortex shedding Flow-induced vibrations Harmonic forcing Fluid-structure interaction Computational fluid dynamics

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura Nadal Marta Tomàs Carolina silvera-simón Manel M.santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation restores the balance between A_(2A)R-and A_(1)R-mediated adenosine signaling in the 6-hydroxidopamine model of Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2053-2067页

作者： Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic Jelena stanojevic Ivana stevanovic Milica Ninkovic Tihomir v.Ilic Nadezda Nedeljkovic Milorad Dragic Laboratory for Neurobiology Department of General Physiology and BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy University of DefenceBelgradeSerbia

An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling,particularly the increased A_(2A)R-mediated signaling,plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's *** therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease progression,demonstrating the need for novel approaches in *** transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive approach that has been shown to improve motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's ***,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation remain *** purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the beneficial effects of prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of experimental parkinsonism are based on modulation of adenosine-mediated *** with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation for 3 weeks and were tested for motor skills using the Rotarod ***,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and biochemical analysis of components of adenosine-mediated signaling were performed on the synaptosomal fraction of the lesioned caudate *** intermittent theta burst stimulation improved motor symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals.A 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the caudate *** with intermittent theta burst stimulation began 7 days after the lesion,coinciding with the onset of motor *** treatment with prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation,complete motor recovery was *** improvement was accompanied by downregulation of the e N/CD73-A_(2A)R pathway and a return to physiological levels of A_(1)R-adenosine deaminase 1 after 3 weeks of intermittent theta burst *** results demonstrated that 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration reduced the expression of A_(1)R and elevated the expression of A_(2A)***

关键词： A_(1)R A_(2A)R adenosine receptors adenosine ecto-5′-nucleotidase intermittent theta burst stimulation non-invasive brain stimulation Parkinson's disease purinergic signalling

Advancements in Liver Tumor Detection:A Comprehensive Review of various Deep Learning Models

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 91-122页

作者： shanmugasundaram hariharan D.Anandan Murugaperumal Krishnamoorthy vinay Kukreja Nitin Goyal shih-Yu Chen Deptartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data science Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Deptartment of CsE V.S.B College of EngineeringKarur639111India Deptartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Centre for Research Impact&Outcome Chitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia Department of Computer science and Engineering School of Engineering and TechnologyCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarh123031HaryanaIndia Department of Computer science and Information Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan Intelligence Recognition Industry service Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan

Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide,and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment *** Tumors(LTs)vary significantly in size,shape,and location,and can present with tissues of similar intensities,making automatically segmenting and classifying LTs from abdominal tomography images crucial and *** review examines recent advancements in Liver segmentation(Ls)and Tumor segmentation(Ts)algorithms,highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding precision,automation,and *** metrics are utilized to assess key detection algorithms and analytical methods,emphasizing their effectiveness and relevance in clinical *** review also addresses ongoing challenges in liver tumor segmentation and identification,such as managing high variability in patient data and ensuring robustness across different imaging *** suggests directions for future research,with insights into technological advancements that can enhance surgical planning and diagnostic accuracy by comparing popular *** paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of current liver tumor detection techniques,provides a roadmap for future innovations,and improves diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for liver cancer by integrating recent progress with remaining challenges.

关键词： Liver tumor detection liver tumor segmentation image processing liver tumor diagnosis feature extraction tumor classification deep learning machine learning

Improved strength and ductility of high alloy containing Al–12Zn–3Mg–2.5Cu alloy by combining non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第2期24卷 179-185页

作者： v.v.Ravikumar s.Kumaran Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTamil Nadu 620015India

Al-12Zn-3Mg-2.5Cu alloy was prepared using a liquid metallurgy route under the optimized conditions. A sample cut from the ingot was rolled non-isothermally from 400℃ to 100℃ in 100℃ steps, with 15% reduction in thickness; it was then cold rolled isothermally at room temperature for 85% reduction. The cold-rolled alloys were characterized by electron microscopy, hardness test, and tensile test to elucidate their structural evolution and evaluate their mechanical behavior. In the results, the cast alloy consists of a-aluminum and various intermetallic compounds. These compounds are segregated along the grain boundaries, which makes the alloy difficult to roll at room tem- perature. The combined effect of non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling results in the nano/microsized compounds distributed uniformly in the matrix. The hardness is substantially increased after rolling. This increase in hardness is attributed to the ultra-fine grain size, fine-scale intermetallic compounds, and structural defects （e.g., dislocations, stacking faults, and sub-grains）. The ultimate tensile strength of the rolled alloy is approximately 628 MPa with 7% ductility.

关键词： aluminum zinc magnesium copper alloys non-isothermal cold rolling mechanical properties intermetallic compounds struc-ture defects