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Pesticide residue elimination for fruits and vegetables:the mechanisms,applications,and future trends of thermal and non-thermal technologies

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Journal of Future Foods 2022年第3期2卷 223-240页

作者： An-An Zhang Parag prakash Sutar Qiang Bian Xiao-Ming Fang Jia-Bao Ni Hong-Wei Xiao College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaOdisha 769008India National Pesticide Engineering Research Center Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Institute of Agicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100093China

Pesticide residues on food are threatening human health and wellbeing,ecological *** processing is one of the necessary ways to eliminate residues to guarantee the safety and sustainable development of the *** review outlines the mechanisms,applications,and factors influencing the efficiency as well as their limitations of pesticide residue elimination *** thermal processing technologies like drying,blanching,baking,and roasting have been proved to reduce pesticides extensively whereas sometimes concentration effects occur,and more toxic metabolites or by-products are ***,the negative effects on quality attributes of fruits and vegetables(F&v)should be *** innovative non-thermal processing technologies like ultrasound,cold plasma,high-pressure processing,and pulsed electric fields have flourished currently,which show great ability to eliminate pesticide residues significantly with minimal impact on the quality of F&*** particular,heat-sensitive nutrients like ascorbic acid,phenolics,and carotenoids would retain to a great ***,these technologies have their ***,there is much information about combined processing technology affecting the pesticide behaviors of F&***,the future developments for pesticide elimination of these technologies are identified and discussed.

关键词： Fruits vegetables Pesticide residues Thermal technologies Non-thermal technologies

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Silane Modification of Starch-Based Wood Adhesive: Review

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2019年第3期9卷 53-62页

作者： Ravindra v. Gadhave Praneeta Sheety prakash A. Mahanwar Pradeep T. Gadekar Bilvesh J. Desai Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

Currently there has been a growing interest in substituting traditional synthetic polymers with biobased renewable polymers for adhesive applications. However, biobased renewable polymers such as starch suffer from few draw-backs like poor water resistance and mechanical strength. To become important potential alternatives of synthetic polymers, starch must have comparable physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties to that of synthetic polymers. To achieve this, starch has been modified by a series of crosslinkers like boric acid, citric acid, glyoxal, gluteraldehyde, etc. and silane modification. Silane modification by chloropropyl trimethoxysilane, γ-Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane and vinyl trimethoxy silane is a suitable method to improve the performance in terms of mechanical and thermally. Silane forms covalent bonds with starch during starch modification resulted in enhanced shear strength and storage stability. A new research on biodegradable, renewable, environmentally friendly silane modification of starch-based wood adhesive that was prepared by reacting with various silanes. This paper, we reviewed silane as a modifying agent for starch-based wood adhesive.

关键词： Starch Silane Wood Adhesive Coupling Agents

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Efficiency of Coir Particle Board for Acoustic &Thermal Applications

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2019年第3期9卷 39-47页

作者： M. C. Kiran B. S. Mamatha N. Anand v. prakash Narasimha Murthy IPIRTI Tumkur Road Bangalore Karnataka India

Coir fibre is extracted from the husk of coconut and is used in products such as floor mats, door mats, brushes and mattresses and in many applications. Here coir fibres are used to make particle boards of densities 300, 400 and 500 kg/m3 using UF resin to determine its efficiency for interior applications like acoustic and thermal properties and also tested for Indian standard 3129. Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) of all the boards decreases with an increase in density. Maximum sound absorption coefficient for all three densities was found in the frequency range of 2500 to 30,000 Hz. Among three densities, 300 kg/m3 board shows the maximum absorption coefficient at frequency 3000 Hz. The thermal conductivity results of all three densities boards increase with an increase in density. Modulus of Rupture for all three densities were meeting the requirement of standard. Results reveal that particle board manufactured from coir fibre can be used for acoustic and thermal insulation applications.

关键词： Thermal Conductivity Sound Absorption Coefficient

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Fabrication, Characterization and Machining of Al6061 Reinforced with Red Mud Composite

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第1期10卷 28-42页

作者： Poorna Chandra v. Ravi Kumar R. Kiran D. v. Ravi Kumar C. R. prakash Rao R. Suresh Department of Mechanical Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Industrial & Automation Engineering VTU PG Centre Mysuru India

The Metal Matrix Composites application has increased in many areas of science and technology, because of its additional physical, wear and mechanical properties. In comparison with all MMC’s, aluminum-based MMC’s are finding wide applications due to their better strength to weight ratio, better stiffness, and high thermal conductivity as well as very good wear and corrosion properties. The properties of a composite mainly depend on better distribution of reinforcement in the matrix, which is very difficult to achieve. Basically Redmud is a byproduct of alumina, and it is waste product obtained during Bayer’s process. This waste product must be recycled else it may be dangerous to the environment. Redmud can be used as reinforcement for aluminium composites in order to achieve better properties. The proposed research work includes preparation of Aluminum 6061-Red mud metal matrix composites using liquid metallurgy route following stir casting technique. An alloy Al6061 containing 0.60 percent silicon and Magnesium of 0.82 percent was used as the matrix material. Two different compositions of the Aluminum 6061-Red mud composites are prepared in addition to the base matrix and evaluated for mechanical properties also the force acting on the cutting tool at different spindle speeds during machining of the composite materials were analyzed.

关键词： Al6061 Redmud Machining MMC’s Cutting Force Measurement

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Role of Joshi＇s external stabilization system with percutaneous screw fixation in high-energy tibial condylar fractures associated with severe soft tissue injuries

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2015年第6期18卷 326-331页

作者： Ashish Kumar Gupta Rahul Sapra Rakesh Kumar Som prakash Gupta Devwart Kaushik Sahil Gaba Mahesh Chand Bansal Ratan Lal Dayma Department Of Orthopedics Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital New Delhi 110088 India Department of Orthopedics SMS Medical College & Hospitals Jaipur Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 India

Purpose： The treatment of high-energy tibial condylar fractures which are associated with severe soft tissue injuries remains contentious and challenging. In this study, we assessed the results of Joshi＇s external stabilization system （JESS） by using the principle of ligamentotaxis and percutaneous screw fixation for managing high-energy tibial condylar fractures associated with severe soft tissue injuries. Methods： Between June 2008 and June 2010, 25 consecutive patients who were 17-71 years （mean, 39.7）, underwent the JESS fixation for high-energy tibial condylar fractures associated with severe soft tissue injuries. Out of 25 patients, 2 were lost during follow-up and in 1 case early removal of frame was done, leaving 22 cases for final follow-up. Among them, 11 had poor skin condition with abrasions and blisters and 2 were open injuries （Gustilo-Anderson grade I ＆ 11）. The injury mechanisms were motor vehicle accidents （n - 19）, fall from a height （n = 2） and assault （n - 1）. The fractures were classified according to Schatzker classification system. Results： There were 7 type-v, 14 type-vl and 1 type-Iv Schatzker＇s tibial plateau fractures. The average interval between the injury and surgery was 6.8 days （range 2-13）. The average hospital stay was 13 days （range, 7-22）. The average interval between the surgery and full weight bearing was 13.6 weeks （range 11-20）. The average range of knee flexion was 121° （range 105°-135°）. The normal extension of the knee was observed in 20 patients, and an extensor lag of 5°-8° was noted in 2 patients. The complications included superficial pin tract infections （n 4） with no knee stiffness. Conclusion： JESS with lag screw fixation combines the benefit of traction, external fixation, and limited internal fixation, at the same time as allowing the ease of access to the soft tissue for wound checks, pin care, dressing changes, measurement of compartment pressure, and the monitoring of the neurovascular status. In a nutshell, JES

关键词： Tibial plateau fractures External stabilization system Ligamentotaxis

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Influence of Machining Parameter on Tool Life While Machining Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2020年第6期8卷 440-458页

作者： C. R. prakash Rao v. Ravi Kumar D. v. Ravi Kumar Poorna Chandra M. vedavyasa M. S. Rajagopal Department of Mechanical Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Mechanical Engineering Dayananda Sagar University Bangalore India

A metal matrix composite constitutes a continuous metallic matrix and a discontinuous phase known as reinforcement. The hybrid metal matrix composites (Hmmcs) have been used to manufacture drive shafts, disc brake rotors, brake drums, connecting rods pistons, engine block cylinder liners for automotive and rail vehicle applications. The Hmmcs castings of diameter 120 mm and length 300 mm were prepared through sand mould technique following stir casting methodology. The cast components further subjected to evaluation of physical properties and machining tests using two grades of coated inserts and PCD inserts. The experiments were carried out following ISO 3685 standards. The coating thickness of the TiN coated and TiAlN coated inserts were measured using Kalo testing method; the results of the test show that the interface of the substrate and coating was free from the porosity, and the coating thickness of TiN coating was 4.84 microns and TiAlN coating was measured 4.6 microns. The results of the experiments show that performance of the PCD insert was better than coated inserts at 0.1 mm/rev feed;verdana;">verdana;">verdana;">verdana;"> however at 0.2 mm/revolution feed PCD insert failed by micro chipping of cutting edge while ma

关键词： Composites Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Coated Inserts PCD Inserts Turning Tool Life Testing

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Influence of Shot Peening on DIN 1.2714 Hot Work Tool Steel

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 81-90页

作者： valmik Bhavar Sachin v. Patil prakash Kattire P. P. Date R. K. P. Singh Kalyani Center for Technology and Innovation (KCTI) Bharat Forge Ltd. Pune India Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Mumbai India

Shot peening is one of the most popular surface enhancement technique used to improve fatigue performance of different materials. This paper focuses on to study the effect of different shot peening parameters on micro-structural and mechanical properties of DIN 1.2714 tool steel specimens. Shot peening treatments were carried out by varying shot size and peening intensity. X-ray stress analysis, micro-hardness testing and micro-structural analysis were performed to characterize these specimens. In addition, pin on disk wear testing was executed to recognize wear behavior of this shot peened tool steels. It was observed that along with compressive residual stress generation, shot peening also induces work hardening effect and modifies surface structure which are responsible for significant improvement in this tool steel.

关键词： Shot Peening Surface Enhancement Techniques Tool Steel

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Simultaneous determination of ezetimibe and simvastatin in rat plasma by stable-isotope dilution LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014年第4期4卷 286-294页

作者： Sireesha R.Karanam prakash Katakam Babu R.Chandu Nagiat T.Hwisa Shanta K.Adiki vimta Life Sciences Alexandria Knowledge ParkGenome ValleyHyderabadAPIndia Faculty of Pharmacy University of ZawiaAl-ZawiyaLibya Nirmala College of Pharmacy GunturIndia

A simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ezetimibe and simvastatin in rat plasma. The deuterium isotopes： ezetimibe d4 and simvastatin d6 were used as internal standards for ezetimibe and simvastatin, respectively. MS/MS detection involved a switch of electron spray ionization mode from negative to positive at retention time 3.01 rain. Samples were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using tertiary butyl methyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved with Agilent Eclipse XBD-CIs column using mobile phase that consisted of a mixture of ammonium acetate （pH4.5; 10 mM）-acetonitrile （25：75 v/v）. The method was linear and validated over the concentration range of 0.2--40.0 ng/rnL for simvastatin and 0.05-15.0 ng/mL for ezetimibe. The transitions selected were m/z 408.3→271.1 and m/z 412.0→275.10 for ezetimibe and ezetimibe d4, and m/z 419.30 → 285.20 and rrdz 425.40 →199.20 for simvastatin and simvastatin d6. Intra- and inter-batch precisions for ezetimibe were 1.6-14.8% and 2.1-13.4%; and for simvastatin 0.94-9.56% and 0.79-12%, respectively. The proposed method was sensitive, selective, precise and accurate for the quantification of ezetimibe and simvastatin simultaneously in rat plasma. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study by oral co-administration of ezetimibe and simvastatin in SD rats.

关键词： Ezetimibe Simvastatin PharmacokineticsRat plasma LC-ESI-MS/MS

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Chimeric oncogenic interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2): Degradation products are biologically active

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2012年第4期2卷 371-379页

作者： Krishna prakash Pardeep Kumar Pramod C. Rath Molecular Biology Laboratory School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Recombinant DNA Technology Laboratory Centre for Biological Science Central University of Bihar BIT Patna Campus P.O. B.V. College Patna India

Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 (IRF-2) belongs to IRF family, was identified as a mammalian transcription factor involved in Interferon beta (IFNβ) gene regulation. Besides that IRF-2 is involved in immunomodulation, hematopoietic differentiation, cell cycle regulation and oncogenesis. We have done molecular sub-cloning and expression of recombinant murine IRF-2 as GST (Glutathione-S-Transferase)- IRF-2 fusion protein in E. coli/XL-1blue cells. Recombinant IRF-2 with GST moiety at N-terminus expressed as GST-IRF-2 (~66 kd) in E. coli along with different low molecular mass degradation products revealed approximately 30, 42, 60 and 62 kd by SDS-PAGE and Western blot, respectively. We further confirm that degradation takes place at C-terminus of the fusion protein not at N-terminus as anti-GST antibody was detecting all bands in the immunoblot. The recombinant IRF-2 was biologically active along with their degradation products in terms of their DNA binding activity as assessed by Electrophoretically Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA). We observed three different molecular mass DNA/protein complexes (1 - 3) with virus Response Element (vRE) derived from human Interferon IFNβ gene and five different molecular mass complexes (1 - 5) with IRF-E motif (GAAAGT)4 in EMSA gel. GST only expressed from empty vector did not bind to these DNA elements. To confirm that the binding is specific, all complexes were competed out completely when challenged with 100-X fold molar excess of IRF-E oligo under cold competition. It means degradation products along with full-length protein are able to interact with vREβ as well as IRF-E motif. This means degradation products may regulate the target gene (s) activation/repression via interacting with vRE/IRF-E.

关键词： Recombinant Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 (IRF-2) DNA Binding Domain (DBD) C-Terminus of IRF-2 EMSA

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Idiopathic Reactive Hypoglycemia: Mechanisms of Onset and Remission with High Protein Low Carbohydrate Diet

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2015年第9期5卷 117-123页

作者： Keshavan prakash Mary Kabadi Udaya M. Kabadi Endocrine Section V A Medical Center Des Moines IA USA University of Iowa Iowa IA USA

Objective: Idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia is defined as early postprandial hypoglycemia occurring on ingestion of high carbohydrate containing meal. Remission ensues with high protein low carbohydrate diet. This study assessed roles of insulin and glucagon in its onset and remission. Methods: Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were determined after an overnight fast and repeatedly until 180 minutes on ingestion of 3 meals;100 g glucose;100 g pure protein liquid and mixture of 50 g each at 14 days’ interval. Five adults with IRH and 6 age matched healthy volunteers participated. Results: In IRH, glucose ingestion induced prompt rise in glucose (5.1 ± 0.8 to10.5 ± 1.2 mM/L) followed later by hypoglycemia (2.6 ± 0.4 mM/L). Insulin rose from 7 ± 2 to 90 ± 18 mU/L. Glucagon rose initially (10% ± 2%) from elevated basal concentration (373 ± 57 mU/L) followed by later decline (-43% ± 12%). On protein ingestion, glucose declined followed by a restoration to basal level while both insulin and glucagon rose (28 ± 6 mU/L;148% ± 38%, p ver, insulin response was lower and glucagon rise was greater when compared to responses on glucose ingestion (p < 0.01). With mixed meal, glucose (8.2 ± 0.6 mM/L), insulin (65 ± 12 mU/L) and glucagon (48% ± 7%) responses were lesser than rises following glucose ingestion (p < 0.05) and hypoglycemia did not occur. Conclusion: In IRH, initial hyperglycemia on glucose ingestion may be exacerbated by paradoxical glucagon rise and hypoglycemia may be induced by increased insulin and declining glucagon responses. Resolution of hypoglycemia with high protein low carbohydrate diet may be attributed to blunting of insulin response and concurrent glucagon rise.

关键词： Idiopathic Reactive Hypoglycemia High Protein Low Carbohydrate Diet

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