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Treatment of spent wash water derived from shredded lettuce processing using a combination of electrocoagulation and germicidal ultraviolet light

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第2期1卷 147-152页

作者： K.Khalid D Alharbi v.lau C.Liang R.G.Zytner J.Shi K.Warriner Department of Food Science University of GuelphOntarioCanada School of Engineering University of GuelphOntarioCanada Guelph Food Research Center Agriculture Agri Food CanadaGuelphOntarioCanada

Objective:Water recycling is a significant part of an overall water management *** current study evaluated electrocoagulation,used in combination with ultraviolet light(at 254 nm),to reduce the organic content and enhance the microbiological quality,of wash water derived from shredded lettuce ***:The composition of spent wash water derived from a commercial lettuce processing operation was used to prepare a simulated solution to be applied to validate the water recycling *** simulated spent wash water was subjected to an electrocoagulation process followed by filtration and a tertiary ultraviolet(254 nm)*** efficacy of the recycling treatment to decrease turbidity(nephelometric turbidity units,biological oxygen demand(BOD),chemical oxygen demand(COD)and decrease in introduced bacterial ***:Spent wash water sampled from a commercial processing line was found to be colloidal in nature(78±26 NTU)with low total solids content(544±87 mg/L),BOD(230±53 mg/L)and COD(309±53 mg/L).An electrocogaultion process performed for 10 min using 3.48 A/m2 current density at pH 6.5 and conductivity of>100μS/cm supported an 87%removal of turbidity,38%reduction in BOD along with 49%decrease in *** electrocoagulation process was also found to reduce the levels of Escherichia coli,Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes by 1-2 log *** tertiary Uv treatment of water derived from the electro coagulation process,supported further reduction in model pathogens,although it was noted that the D values for inactivation were in the order of 1.01-1.60 mJ/cm^(2),which compares to 0.22-0.31 mJ/cm^(2) in *** apparent increase in bacterial resistance to ultraviolet was likely due to the Uv absorbing low molecular weight constituents within wash water that provided protection against ***:In conclusion,the study demonstrated the feasibility of applying electrocoagulation and Uv to rapidly treat spent lettuce wash water to fa

关键词： Biological oxygen demand(BOD) Chemical oxygen demand(COD) Electrocoagulation Fresh produce Lettuce Uv Washing Water recycling.

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Efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)to formate by a molecular noble metal-free system

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 152-156页

作者： Lihua Zhang Lingjing Chen Huatian Shi Yue Wei Gui Chen Tai-Chu lau School of Environment and Civil Engineering Research Center for Eco-environmental EngineeringDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Reducing CO_(2)to carbon-neutral solar fuels can not only alleviate the energy demand but also mitigate the greenhouse *** present,developing an efficient non-noble metal photo/electrocatalytic system for converting CO_(2)to a specific product beyond CO is still a big ***,we report a new cobalt complex bearing 2,2′-bi-1,10-phenanthroline ligand that can photocatalytically reduce CO_(2)to formate(HCOO^(-)).Turnover number(TON)for HCOO^(-)up to 677 with 99%selectivity can be achieved using organic dyes purpurin as photosensitizer and 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(BIH)as sacrificial reductant in a CO_(2)-saturated NMP/TEA(v/v,3:1)solution under visible light *** potential electrolysis at-1.41 v(***/Ag Cl)in the presence of 12 mM Et_(3)NHBF_(4)also produced HCOO^(-)with Faradaic efficiency of 39%.Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies suggest that a[CoI-H]species is the key intermediate for CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： photocatalysis noble metal-free CO_(2)reduction formate cobalt hydride

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Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT-304 stainless steel nanocomposites

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第5期29卷 595-602页

作者： A.v.Radhamani Hon Chung lau S.Ramakrishna Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology National University of Singapore

In this work, a systematic investigation was performed on the structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT incorporated 304 stainless steel. various concentrations of CNT from 0.5 to 4 wt% were incorporated into the 304 stainless steel matrix to investigate the feasibility of fabrication and enhancement of strength and other material properties. The fabrication of CNT-steel composite was achieved through a spark plasma sintering process at a sintering temperature of 800℃. Raman and morphological studies confirmed that the CNT structure was retained in the sintered pellets. Optimum performance was found at 0.5 wt% CNT giving a vickers hardness of 351 Hv and compressive yield strength of 404 MPa which were 5.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, those of pristine steel. Corrosion studies with 3.5 wt% Na Cl solution revealed a slight increase in the corrosion rate for CNT dispersed samples.

关键词： Carbon nanotube 304-Stainless steel Spark plasma sintering Hardness Compression Corrosion

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Improved breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on Si substrates using partially Mg-doped GaN buffer layer by MOCvD

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 1578-1581页

作者： lau KeiMay Photonics Technology Center Department of Electronic and Computer EngineeringHong Kong University of Science and Technology

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs) were grown on Si substrates by *** the HEMT structure,a 1 μm GaN buffer layer was partially doped with Mg in an attempt to increase the resistivity and minimize the buffer *** AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on undoped and partially Mg-doped GaN buffer layers were processed and the DC characteristics of the devices were characterized for comparing the effect of Mg *** the device with the partially Mg-doped GaN buffer layer,a lower drain leakage current density of 55.8 nA/mm,a lower gate leakage current density of 2.73 μA/mm,and a higher off-state breakdown voltage of 104 v were achieved with device dimensions Lg/Wg/Lgs/Lgd=1/10/1/1 μm,better than the device with the undoped GaN buffer layer,which has a higher drain leakage current density of 9.2 μA/mm,a higher gate leakage current density of 91.8 μA/mm,and a lower off-state breakdown voltage of 87 v with the same device dimensions.

关键词： AlGaN/GaN HEMT Si substrate MOCvD breakdown voltage Mg-doped

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Early control of short hepatic portal veins in isolated or combined hepatic caudate lobectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第4期11卷 377-382页

作者： Wan-Yee lau Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

BACKGROUND:Caudate lobectomy has long been considered technically *** study aimed to elaborate the significance of early control of short hepatic portal veins(SHPvs) in isolated hepatic caudate lobectomy or in hepatic caudate lobectomy combined with major partial hepatectomy,and to describe the anatomical characteristics of ***:The data of 117 patients who underwent either isolated or combined caudate lobectomy by the same team of surgeons from 2005 to 2009 were retrospectively *** 2005 to 2007(group A,n=55),we carried out early control of short hepatic veins(SHvs) only;from 2008 to 2009(group B,n=62),we carried out early control of both SHvs and *** two groups were compared to evaluate which surgical procedure was better.A detailed anatomical study was then carried out on the last 25 consecutive patients in group B to study the number and distribution of SHPvs during ***:Patients in group B had less intra-operative blood loss,less impairment of liver function,shorter postoperative hospital stay,fewer postoperative complications and required less blood transfusion(Pvs in the 25 patients was 183,with 7.3±2.7 per *** diameters of SHPvs were 1 to 4 *** average,3.4 SHPvs/patient came from the left portal vein,2.2 from the bifurcation,1.4 from the right portal vein,and 0.3 from the main portal *** average,3.3 SHPvs/patient supplied segment I of the liver,0.4 for segment II,2.1 for segment Iv,1.4 for segment v and 0.1 for segment ***:Early control of SHPvs in isolated or combined hepatic caudate lobectomy may be a useful method to decrease surgical risk and improve postoperative recovery.

关键词： short hepatic portal vein caudate lobe anatomy

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Evolving treatment landscape for early and advanced pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第7期9卷 281-292页

作者： Sally C lau Winson Y Cheung Division of Medical Oncology University of British Columbia British Columbia Cancer Agency Department of Oncology University of Calgary Tom Baker Cancer Center

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an infrequent cancer with a high disease related mortality rate, even in the context of early stage disease. Until recently, the rate of death from pancreatic cancer has remained largely similar whereby gemcitabine monotherapy was the mainstay of systemic treatment for most stages of disease. With the discovery of active multiagent chemotherapy regimens, namely FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, the treatment landscape of pancreatic cancer is slowly evolving. FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel are now considered standard first line treatment options in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Studies are ongoing to investigate the utility of these same regimens in the adjuvant setting. The potential of these treatments to downstage disease is also being actively examined in the locally advanced context since neoadjuvant approaches may improve resection rates and surgical outcomes. As more emerging data become available, the management of pancreatic cancer is anticipated to change significantly in the coming years.

关键词： Cancer Neoplasm Pancreas Adjuvant treatment Systemic treatment Gemcitabine FOLFIRINOX Nab-paclitaxel

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Microneedle-based devices for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第8期11卷 2344-2361页

作者： Rachael v.Dixon Eldhose Skaria Wing Man lau Philip Manning Mark A.Birch-Machin S.Moein Moghimi Keng Wooi Ng School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE17RUUK Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUK Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PTUK

Recent infectious disease outbreaks,such as COvID-19 and Ebola,have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to initiate treatment and curb *** diagnostic strategies critically depend on the efficiency of biological sampling and timely ***,current diagnostic techniques are invasive/intrusive and present a severe bottleneck by requiring specialist equipment and trained ***,centralised test facilities are poorly accessible and the requirement to travel may increase disease ***-administrable,point-of-care(PoC)microneedle diagnostic devices could provide a viable solution to these *** miniature needle arrays can detect biomarkers in/from the skin in a minimally invasive manner to provide(near-)real-time *** microneedle devices have been developed specifically for infectious disease diagnosis,though similar technologies are well established in other fields and generally adaptable for infectious disease *** include microneedles for biofluid extraction,microneedle sensors and analyte-capturing microneedles,or combinations *** sampling/detection from both blood and dermal interstitial fluid is *** technologies are in their early stages of development for infectious disease diagnostics,and there is a vast scope for further *** this review,we discuss the utility and future outlook of these microneedle technologies in infectious disease diagnosis.

关键词： Microneedle Infectious disease Point-of-care diagnostics(PoC) Biomarker detection Skin Biosensor COvID-19

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Battle of the sexes: contrasting roles of testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY) and TSPX in human oncogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第3期21卷 260-269页

作者： Yun-Fai Chris lau Yunmin Li Tatsuo Kido Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics Department of Medicine VA Medical Center and Institute for Human Genetics University of California San Francisco CA 94121 USA

The Y-located testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY) and its X-homologue TSPX originated from the same ancestral gene, but act as a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene, respectively. TSPY has specialized in male-specific functions, while TSPX has assumed the functions of the ancestral gene. Both TSPY and TSPX harbor a conserved SET/NAP domain, but are divergent at flanking structures. Specifically, TSPX contains a C-terminal acidic domain, absent in TSPY. They possess contrasting properties, in which TSPY and TSPX, respectively, accelerate and arrest cell proliferation, stimulate and inhibit cyclin B-CDK1 phosphorylation activities, have no effect and promote proteosomal degradation of the viral HBx oncoprotein, and exacerbate and repress androgen receptor (AR) and constitutively active AR variant, such as AR-v7, gene transactivation. The inhibitory domain has been mapped to the carboxyl acidic domain in TSPX, truncation of which results in an abbreviated TSPX exerting positive actions as TSPY. Transposition of the acidic domain to the C-terminus of TSPY results in an inhibitory protein as intact TSPX. Hence, genomic mutations/aberrant splicing events could generate TSPX proteins with truncated acidic domain and oncogenic properties as those for TSPY. Further, TSPY is upregulated by AR and AR-v7 in ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manners, respectively, suggesting the existence of a positive feedback loop between a Y-located proto-oncogene and male sex hormone/receptors, thereby amplifying the respective male oncogenic actions in human cancers and diseases. TSPX counteracts such positive feedback loop. Hence, TSPY and TSPX are homologues on the sex chromosomes that function at the two extremes of the human oncogenic spectrum.

关键词： androgen receptor AR-v7 cell cycle regulation cyclin B-CDK1 oncogene sex chromosomes sex differences TSPX TSPY tumor suppressor

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Socio-economic status and lifestyle factors are associated with achalasia risk: A population-based case-control study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第15期22卷 4002-4008页

作者： Helen G Coleman Ronan T Gray Kar W lau Conall Mc Caughey Peter v Coyle Liam J Murray Brian T Johnston Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast Regional virus Laboratory Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Department of Gastroenterology Royal Victoria HospitalBelfast

AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia ***: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sexmatched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia(OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45), inferring that high-class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked to upper socioeconomic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.99). Smoking and alcohol consumption carried significantly reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia(OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.17-3.42). Nochildhood household factors were associated with achalasia ***: Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk suggests an interaction between endotoxin and viral infection exposure in achalasia aetiology.

关键词： Achalasia Risk factors Epidemiology Lifestyle Socio-economic status

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Effects of the mass and volume shrinkage of ground chip and pellet particles on drying rates

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 1-9页

作者： Hamid Rezaei Shahab Sokhansaj C. Jim Lim Anthony lau Xiaotao Bi Chemical and Biological Engineering Department University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Environmental Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37381 USA

The effects of varying the mass and volume of ground chip and pellet particles on the particle drying rate were analyzed. Samples of whole pellets and chips were hammer milled using a 3.2 mm screen and the ground chip and pellet particles were found to have similar size distributions, although the pellet particles were denser and more spherical than the chip particles. Prior to drying, water was added to the particles to obtain 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, and 0.90 moisture contents （on a dry mass basis）. The moistened particles were subsequently dried in a constant temperature thin layer dryer set at 50,100, 150, or 200 ~C under dry pure nitrogen, dry compressed air, or atmospheric air. The chip and pellet particles exhibited similar degrees of shrinkage, but the pellet particles underwent a greater reduction in their bulk volume during drying. It appears that the more spherical pellet particles are prone to shrinkage in more than one direction, whereas the needle-like chip particle shrink only in one direction. A variable radius first order drying model was found to fit the experimental data better than a fixed radius model.

关键词： Moisture loss Particle density Ground chip Ground pellet Particle shrinkage Bulk shrinkage

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