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volcanic Risk Perception and Coping Strategies from Mounts Cameroon and Nyiragongo Eruptions, Central Africa: A Comparative Analysis

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 161-189页

作者： Mabel N. Wantim Innocent Bradriyo Asong f. Zisuh Louis M. Balgawa Mero Yannah Katcho Karume Nde-fon Peter Bih Amban Nchini L. Wayih Emmanuel v. Yenshu Samuel N. Ayonghe Unit of Disaster Risk Management Department of Environmental Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Observatoire volcanologique de Goma (OvG) Goma Democratic Republic of the Congo Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM) Yaounde Cameroon faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon faculty of Social and Management Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of MC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of MN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of MC and MN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At MC and MN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at MC and MN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at MC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at MN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both MC and MN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.

关键词： Risk Perception Mount Cameroon Mount Nyiragongo Indigenous Buea Goma

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The Materials Revolution

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第4期3卷 217-234页

作者： Julian f.v.vincent Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

In the final essay of this series the gaps between biology and engineering are examined, and methods are suggested for crossing them. Creativity is seen as the essential, and TRIZ （the Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving） is recommended as the best set of methods both for stimulating creativity and for solving technical problems. When the catalogue of Inventive Principles of TRIZ is used to bring biology and technology to the same level of detail, the comparison shows that the similarity is only about 12%. The differences largely reside in the reliance of energy as a controlling parameter in conventional technology and the replacement of energy by information in biological systems. Although we might be moving slowly in this direction, a numerically based comparison such as this should provide more impetus.

关键词： The Materials Revolution

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Hyperhomocysteinemia and Associated Biological Markers in a Congolese Population of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 123-134页

作者： v. R. Ikia Monde A. L. M. Boumba E. Mokondjimobe H. Poaty G. Loubano-voumbi W. f. Ondongo A. G. Mayindou Kimbangu K. Onanga f. Elilie Mawa Ongoth E. Bouenizabila C. Andres H. G. Monabeka Biochemistry Laboratory Service University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Congo Research Area of Pointe-Noire National Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSSA) Pointe-Noire Congo Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire Congo LOMO Research University Kinshasa DRC Department of Statistics Health Information and Epidemiology Surveillance Departmental Directorate of Health Care and Services Brazzaville Congo Department of Endocrinology University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bretonneau Regional University Hospital Tours France

The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this work was to study hyperhomocysteinemia and other biochemical markers associated with T2D in the Congolese population. This was an analytical case-control study carried out between October 2022 and October 2023. The study population consisted of 150 subjects including 100 T2D patients and 50 control subjects. The main clinical data were collected on a pre-established form. Homocysteine determination was carried out by the sandwich ELISA method. The other biochemical markers were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 27.3% (41/150) of the entire study population. Type 2 diabetics had a frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia of 36% (36/100) and control 10% (5/50) (p = 0.001). The mean hyperhomocysteinemia concentration was 31.9 μmol/l with extremes ranging from 18 to 103 μmol/l. Means of biological markers between diabetics and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with this HHcy were: sex (OR = 3.5), age (OR = 9.4), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 3.4) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 12) with a p-value vely. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive biomarker in the bioclinic of Congolese type 2 diabetic patients.

关键词： Hyperhomocysteinemia Biological Markers T2DM Brazzaville

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome C.Edelson Scott f.D.Edelson John G.Quiles Cyrus v.Edelson Eric M.Montminy Christian L.Horn John P.Magulick Don C.Rockey Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of Cook County ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Research Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic *** the portal pressure gradient(PPG)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real-world ***:This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-PPG between february 2021 and May *** most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected *** demographic and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** success was achieved in 17 of the 18 *** complications were *** mean scores of Child-Pugh,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium,and fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive *** mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited clinically significant PH(CSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and provided diagnostic histology for all *** PPG data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and technically *** Child-Pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of CSPH;however,PPG measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all *** studies correlating EUS-PPG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient

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应用中央前回磁化率定性和定量指标对上运动神经元受损为主的肌萎缩侧索硬化症的诊断准确性

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国际医学放射学杂志 2024年第1期 124-125页

作者： f.Lo Russo v.E.Contarino G.Conte C.Morelli f.Trogu S.Casale 吴梦琳

摘要目的比较定性和定量评估中央前回磁化率在检测以上运动神经元（UMN）损伤为主的肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）的诊断准确性。方法回顾性收集47例ALS病人的临

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Photonuclear reactions on stable isotopes of selenium at bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 10-23 Mev

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 91-103页

作者： f.A.Rasulova N.v.Aksenov S.I.Alekseev R.A.Aliev S.S.Belyshev I.Chuprakov N.Yu.fursova A.S.Madumarov J.H.Khushvaktov A.A.Kuznetsov B.S.Yuldashev Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaRussia Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan TashkentUzbekistan faculty of Chemistry of Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia National Research Center"Kurchatov Institute" MoscowRussia Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia faculty of Physics of Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia Institute of Nuclear Physics AlmatyRepublic of Kazakhstan

In this study,experiments were performed at bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 10-23 Mev with the beam from the MT-25 microtron using theγ-activation *** experimental values of relative yields were compared with theoretical results obtained on the basis of TALYS with the standard parameters and the combined model of photonucleon *** isospin splitting in the combined model of photonucleon reactions allows describing experimental data on reactions with proton escape in the energy range from 10 to 23 ***,taking into account isospin splitting is necessary for a correct description of the decay of the giant dipole resonance.

关键词： bremsstrahlung photon cross section isospin splitting giant dipole resonance

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The theoretical study of the efficiency of diffusion deposition of nanoaerosols in the extended range of the Peclet numbers

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颗粒学报:英文版 2023年第6期77卷 47-55页

作者： R.f.Mardanov S.K.Zaripov v.f.Sharafutdinov N.I.Lobachevskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics Kazan(Volga Region)Federal UniversityKremlevskaya ul.18KazanTatarstan420008Russia

The efficiencies of the diffusion deposition of nanoaerosols for a single fiber for the models of aerosol filter and wire mesh screen are studied numerically in the extended range of the Peclet number *** rectangular periodic cell model for fluid flow and convective-diffusive transport of small aerosol particles is *** of the previous theoretical and experimental studies of single fiber diffusion deposition efficiency were for the case of Pe>*** array with uniform square or chess grid of fibers and of a row of circular cylindrical fibers are considered as the filter and wire mesh screen *** flow and particles transport equations are solved numerically using the Boundary Element *** obtained numerical data are used to derive the approximate formulas for the deposition efficiency in the entire range of the Peclet number for the various porosities of the filter medium or distances between fibers in a wire mesh *** derived dependencies take into account nonlinearity of the deposition efficiency at the low Peclet *** obtained analytical dependencies compare well with the numerical and experimental data.

关键词： Arrayof fibers Row of fibers Periodic cell model Convection-diffusion equation Single fiber efficiency

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Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: A diagnostic challenge

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第1期15卷 48-54页

作者： Grant f Hutchins Peter v Draganov Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida1600 SW Archer Rd Room HD 602 PO Box 100214 Gainesville Florida 32610 United States

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are increasingly recognized due to the expanding use and improved sensitivity of cross-sectional abdominal imaging. Major advances in the last decade have led to an improved understanding of the various types of cystic lesions and their biologic behavior. Despite signifi cant improvements in imaging technology and the advent of endoscopic-ultrasound (EUS)-guided fineneedle aspiration, the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic lesions remains a significant clinical challenge. The fi rst diagnostic step is to differentiate between pancreatic pseudocyst and cystic neoplasm. If a pseudocyst has been effectively excluded, the cornerstone issue is then to determine the malignant potential of the pancreatic cystic neoplasm. In the majority of cases, the correct diagnosis and successful management is based not on a single test but on incorporating data from various sources including patient history, radiologic studies, endoscopic evaluation, and cyst fluid analysis. This review will focus on describing the various types of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, their malignant potential, and will provide the clinician with a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

关键词： Cystic neoplasm Endoscopic ultrasound Pancreas Pancreatic cyst Pancreatitis

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Numerical simulation of non-Darcian flow through a porous medium

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Particuology 2009年第3期7卷 193-198页

作者： Duoxing Yang Yipeng Yang v.A.f. Costa Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Crustul Dynamics Chinese Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China Ministry of Environmentul Protection of the People's Republic of China. Beijing 100035 China Departamento de Engenharia Mecenica. Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universiterio de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal

This work reports on fluid flow in a fluid-saturated porous medium, accounting for the boundary and inertial effects in the momentum equation. The flow is simulated by Brinkman-forchheimer-extended Darcy formulation （DfB）, using MAC （Marker And Cell） and Chorin pressure iteration method. The method is validated by comparison with analytic results. The effect of Reynolds number, Darcy number, porosity and viscosity ratio on velocity is investigated. As a result, it is found that Darcy number has a decisive influence on pressure as well as velocity, and the effect of viscosity ratio on velocity is very strong given the Darcy number. Additional key findings include unreasonable choice of effective viscosity can involve loss of important physical information.

关键词： MAC Pressure Darcy law Porous media Permeability viscosity ratio

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Endo-microscopy beyond the Abbe and Nyquist limits

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1246-1257页

作者： Lyubov v.Amitonova Johannes f.de Boer LaserLaB Department of Physics and AstronomyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10811081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography(ARCNL) Science Park 1061098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

for several centuries,far-field optical microscopy has remained a key instrument in many scientific disciplines,including physical,chemical,and biomedical ***,far-field imaging has many limitations:the spatial resolution is controlled by the diffraction of light,and the imaging speed follows the Nyquist–Shannon sampling *** recent development of super-resolution techniques has pushed the limits of spatial ***,these methods typically require complicated setups and long acquisition times and are still not applicable to deeptissue ***,we report imaging through an ultra-thin fibre probe with a spatial resolution beyond the Abbe limit and a temporal resolution beyond the Nyquist limit simultaneously in a simple and compact *** use the random nature of mode coupling in a multimode fibre,the sparsity constraint and compressive sensing *** new approach of super-resolution endo-microscopy does not use any specific properties of the fluorescent label,such as depletion or stochastic activation of the molecular fluorescent state,and therefore can be used for label-free *** demonstrate a spatial resolution more than 2 times better than the diffraction limit and an imaging speed 20 times faster than the Nyquist *** proposed approach can significantly expand the realm of the application of nanoscopy for bioimaging.

关键词： beyond limit fibre

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