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The Potential Role of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Rural Northern Nigeria to Reduce Maternal and Child Deaths

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Health 2015年第12期7卷 1741-1746页

作者： Olatunji Alabi Henry v. Doctor Nahuche Health and Demographic Surveillance System Zamfara State Nigeria Demography and Social Statistics Federal University Birnin Kebbi Nigeria Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Department of Information Evidence and Research World Health Organization Cairo Egypt

There exist a huge gap between generation of evidence-based research findings and its use to inform policies in most developing countries. Further, it is evident that most developing countries are lagging behind in formulating appropriate policies aimed at improving people’s lives due to lack of evidence-based research findings. We describe the potential of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in informing appropriate health interventions towards reducing the high maternal and child deaths in rural communities of north western Nigeria through the verbal Autopsy (vA) data collection. vA data collection involves the use of vA questionnaires—set of open ended and closed ended questions adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) module— administered to the caregivers, parents or family members of a deceased person to elicit information on signs and symptoms and their durations, and other pertinent information about the deceased in the period before death. vA interviews were conducted by trained vA enumerators on all 2100 deaths reported during the update round 4 of routine data collection (July-December, 2012) and returned forms were checked for consistencies and completeness by a trained research officer. The forms were later coded by trained medical doctors for possible cause of death using the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) codes. Fifty cases of neonatal deaths, 1650 cases of infant and child deaths, and 400 cases of adult deaths were reported during the update round 4 data collection. Neonatal sepsis was reported as the leading cause of neonatal deaths (58%) while malaria and intestinal infectious diseases were reported as the leading cause of infant and child deaths and adult deaths respectively (45% and 17%, respectively). The study provides documented evidence of high neonatal deaths due to neonatal sepsis in an area with low hygiene and high home delivery rates. The findings from the vA data collection at Nahuche HDSS

关键词： Maternal and Child Deaths verbal Autopsy Chlorhexidine Demographic Surveillance Health Systems Nigeria

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Problem of Nuclear Decay by Proton Emission in Fully Quantum Consideration: Calculations of Penetrability and Role of Boundary Conditions

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Journal of Modern Physics 2011年第6期2卷 572-585页

作者： Sergei P Maydanyuk Sergei v Belchikov 不详

We develop a new fully quantum method for determination of widths for nuclear decay by proton emission where multiple internal reflections of wave packet describing tunneling process inside proton-nucleus radial barrier are taken into account. Exact solutions for amplitudes of wave function, penetrability T and reflection R (estimated for the first time for decay problem) are found for n -step barrier (at arbitrary n) which approximates the realistic barrier. In contrast to semiclassical approach and two-potential approach, we establish by this method essential dependence of the penetrability on the starting point Rform in the internal well where proton starts to move outside (for example, for Ta the penetrability is changed up to 200 times;accuracy is T+R-1|-15 ). We impose a new condition: in the beginning of the proton decay the proton starts to move outside from minimum of the well. Such a condition provides minimal calculated half-life and gives stable basis for predictions. However, the half-lives calculated by such an approach turn out to be a little closer to experimental data in comparison with the semiclassical half-lives. Estimated influence of the external barrier region is up to 1.5 times for changed penetrability.

关键词： Tunneling Multiple Internal Reflections Wave Packet Decay by Proton Emission Penetrability and Reflection Half-Life

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Structure and properties of CrN coatings formed using cathodic arc evaporation in stationary system

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2019年第4期29卷 799-810页

作者： B.WARCHOLINSKI A.GILEWICZ A.S.KUPRIN I.v.KOLODIY Faculty of Technology and Education Koszalin University of Technology National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology

CrN coatings were deposited using cathodic arc evaporation in stationary system on the substrate surface faced to the plasma source and on the back *** effect of nitrogen pressure on the structure and phase composition,mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings was *** coating morphology and structure were characterized using SEM and contact profilometry and X-ray diffractometry,*** properties were studied by *** friction and wear properties of the coatings were investigated by ball-on-disk *** increase in nitrogen pressure during coating deposition results in phase transformation according to the relation Cr2N→Cr2N+CrN→*** roughness of the coatings deposited on the front side of the substrate is higher than that on the back side,mainly due to larger number of *** hardness and elastic modulus are also higher on the front side of the *** adhesion and wear rate of the coatings have an inverse relationship.

关键词： chromium nitride arc evaporation phase composition roughness hardness wear

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Generalization of the Force Approach to Radiation Reaction

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第3期5卷 569-573页

作者： Gustavo v. López Departamento de Física Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico

A new approach to radiation reaction for the correction of the linear and circular motion of a charged particle takes into account the emission of electromagnetic radiation due to its acceleration. This new formulation was based on expressing the radiation reaction force in terms of the external force rather than the acceleration of the charge. In this paper, a generalization of the radiation reaction force in terms of the external force approach is formulated for any arbitrary motion of the charged particle. This generalization includes the linear and circular acceleration cases previously investigated.

关键词： Synchrotron Radiation Radiation Reaction Force Relativistic Charged Particle

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Upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Paradigm shift towards nephron sparing management

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第2期5卷 158-165页

作者： Julia v Fiuk Brad F Schwartz Division of Urology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma （UTUC） is relatively rare compared to urothelial carcinoma of the lower tract, comprising only 5%-10% of all urothelial cancers. Although both entities share histologic properties, UTUC tends to be more invasive at diagnosis and portend a worse prognosis, with a 5 year overall mortality of 23%. To date, the gold standard management of UTUC has been radical nephroureterectomy （RNU）, with nephron sparing techniques reserved for solitary kidneys or cases where the patient could not tolerate radical surgery. Limited data from these series, as well as select series where nephron-sparing endoscopic management has been offered to a broader patient base, suggest that minimally invasive, nephron sparing techniques can offer comparable oncologic and survival outcomes to RNU in appropriately selected patients. We review the current literature on the topic and discuss long term outcomes and sequelae of the gold standard treatment, RNU. We also discuss the oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive, endoscopic management of UTUC. Our goal is to provide the reader a comprehensive overview of the current state of the feld in order to inform and guide their treatment decisions.

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Ureteroscopy Upper tract Endoscopy Minimally invasive

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Status of the Streamer Mode in Gas Detectors

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Modern Instrumentation 2014年第2期3卷 9-11页

作者： v. I. Razin Institute for Nuclear Researches Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

This work shows the results of a streamer discharge mode studies in various gas detectors developed up-to-date. The results are based on a new experimental data from high-speed thin-gap gas detector application develo... 详细信息

关键词： Gaseous Detectors Micropattern Gaseous Detectors (MSGC GEM THGEM RETGHEM MICROMEGAS RPC etc.)

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时变动态贝叶斯网络模型及其在皮层脑电网络连接中的应用

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物理学报 2016年第3期65卷 392-402页

作者：郭苗苗王昱婧徐桂芝 Griffin Milsap Nitish v.Thakor Nathan Crone 河北工业大学生物医学工程系天津300130 Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park

大脑执行语言的发音需要顶叶、颞叶、额叶等多个脑区协同完成.皮层脑电具有高时间分辨率、较高空间分辨率和高信噪比等优势,为研究大脑的电生理特性提供了重要的技术手段.为了探索大脑对语言的动态处理过程,利用多尺度皮层脑电(标准电... 详细信息

大脑执行语言的发音需要顶叶、颞叶、额叶等多个脑区协同完成.皮层脑电具有高时间分辨率、较高空间分辨率和高信噪比等优势,为研究大脑的电生理特性提供了重要的技术手段.为了探索大脑对语言的动态处理过程,利用多尺度皮层脑电(标准电极与微电极)分析了被试在执行音节朗读任务时的皮层脑电信号的高频gamma段特征,提出采用时变动态贝叶斯网络构建单次实验任务的有向网络.结果显示该方法能够快速有效地构建语言任务过程中标准电极、微电极以及二者之间的有向网络连接,且反映了大规模网络(标准电极之间的连接)、局部网络(微电极之间的连接)以及大规模网络与局部网络之间的连接(标准电极与微电极之间的连接)随语言任务发生的动态改变.研究还发现,发音时刻之前与之后的网络连接存在显著性差异,且发音方式不同的音节网络间也存在明显差异.该研究将有助于癫痫等神经疾病的术前临床评估以及理解大脑对语言加工的实时处理过程.

关键词：皮层脑电高频gamma 时变动态贝叶斯网络

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Three Levels of Understanding of Special Relativity

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1995年第4期6卷 147-153页

作者： G. Cavalleri and E. Tonni (UniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore, v. Trieste 17, 25121 Brescia, Italy) Universito Cattolica del Sacro Cuore v. Trieste 17 25121 Brescia Italy

The first complete formulation of special relativity (SR) is that of Einstein who postulated the light speed invariance. The second level assumes the longitudinal length contractions and the slowing down of clock rates by the same factor y-1. This level discusses the role of different *** the third level SR is seen as a consequence of the spin motion of the elementary particles. It seems possible to detect the privileged system S for which the electromagnetic radiation due to the spin motion of all the electrons in the universe is isotropic.

关键词： Relativity Synchronization Length contraction Spin

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用于激光器的电感储能发生器(英文)

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光学精密工程 2011年第2期19卷 213-220页

作者： TARASENKO v F PANCHENK O A N TEL’MINOv A E GENIN D E Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS Akademichesky ave.2/3634055TomskRussia

研制了适用于激光器的电感储能发生器（GIES）,并研究了它在高压混合气体中的放电和激光参数。研究表明,电感储能发生器可产生高压预脉冲并引起放电电流的突然增大,可在不同的混合气体中形成长时间的稳定放电,从而方便地控制和优化每一... 详细信息

研制了适用于激光器的电感储能发生器（GIES）,并研究了它在高压混合气体中的放电和激光参数。研究表明,电感储能发生器可产生高压预脉冲并引起放电电流的突然增大,可在不同的混合气体中形成长时间的稳定放电,从而方便地控制和优化每一种气体混合物的预脉冲参数。在未知IES击穿电压和首次放电幅度下的参数时,电流尖峰会按因子1.52减少,从而产生纯激光参数。得到了氮气激光器的最大的辐射功率,输出能量和脉冲持续时间,在脉冲持续时间为40 ns时,紫外输出高达50 mJ,红外输出高于25 mJ,实现了氮分子激光跃迁的级联激射。因此C^3Пu-B^3Пg带总的脉冲持续时间延长至100 ns。在XeCl,XeF和KrF受激准分子激光器中,脉冲宽度和输出能量都得到了改善。XeF激光器的最大效率达到了1.6%,同时峰值输出能量达到了0.85 J,最大脉冲持续时间超过了200 ns。在248 nm波长处,效率3.3%的KrF激光器产生的160 ns脉冲能量高达650 mJ,最终得到了效率为7.7%10%的非链式HF（DF）激光器。演示了基于CO2分子高峰值功率的有效运行,结果表明,激光器在10 600 nm处的输出能量为6.2 J,转换效率高达25%。

关键词：电感储能发生器高压气体体放电激光参数

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采用发射光谱/脉冲分辨联用技术测定夹杂物粒度分布

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冶金分析 2013年第3期33卷 9-13页

作者： NASTASI G WESTER R COLLA v NOLL R Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna-TeCIP Institute Pisa 56124Italy Fraunhofer-Institut für Lasertechnik Aachen 52074Germany

通过解析发射光谱和脉冲分辨分析联用技术(OES/PDA)数据确定钢铁中夹杂物的类型及计算其粒度分布需要借助于高等数学方法,以便在大量的数据中滤出那些与夹杂物相关的OES/PDA数据,从而找到可靠的该数据集的离群数据。强度及大多的质量分... 详细信息

通过解析发射光谱和脉冲分辨分析联用技术(OES/PDA)数据确定钢铁中夹杂物的类型及计算其粒度分布需要借助于高等数学方法,以便在大量的数据中滤出那些与夹杂物相关的OES/PDA数据,从而找到可靠的该数据集的离群数据。强度及大多的质量分布其分布函数都是非正态分布的,因此,通过对这些数据进行拟合即可得到非属于该正态分布的离群数据。离群数据确定后,通过这些信息可找到与一些特定夹杂物类型相关联的数据群。基于此目的,发现一种称为"自组织特征映射(SOM)"的数学方法非常适于进行此项研究。根据离群数据及夹杂物类型的相关信息,采用该方法可以计算出质量分布并能进一步进行不同夹杂物类型的粒度分布计算。

关键词：钢脉冲分辨技术夹杂数据处理

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