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Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi S v v Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam Sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2776-2786页

作者： Bridget Martinez Philip v.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear *** of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely *** of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA *** five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to *** microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of *** important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future *** studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder biomarker blood cells blood plasma blood serum diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles whole blood

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MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed i

关键词： biomarker bipolar disorder blood leukocytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular vesicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

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MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life ***,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

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An SPH Framework for Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Hazard Assessment of Geotechnical Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 251-277页

作者： Sourabh Mhaski G.v.Ramana Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi110016India

Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction poses significant risks to the stability of geotechnical structures *** understanding of the liquefaction triggering,and the post-failure large deformation behaviour is essential for designing resilient *** present study develops a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard assessment of geotechnical *** coupled flowdeformation behaviour of soils subjected to cyclic loading is described using the PM4Sand model implemented in a three-phase,single-layer SPH framework.A staggered discretisation scheme based on the stress particle SPH approach is adopted to minimise numerical inaccuracies caused by zero-energy modes and tensile ***,non-reflecting boundary conditions for seismic analysis of semi-infinite soil domains using the SPH method are *** numerical framework is employed for the analysis of cyclic direct simple shear test,seismic analysis of a level ground site,and liquefaction-induced failure of the Lower San Fernando *** agreement for liquefaction triggering and post-failure behaviour demonstrates that the SPH framework can be utilised to assess the effect of seismic loading on field-scale geotechnical *** present study also serves as the basis for future advancements of the SPH method for applications related to earthquake geotechnical engineering.

关键词： Earthquake seismic liquefaction stress particle PM4Sand smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)

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Unlocking hypoglycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siva S.v.P.Sakamuri Anil Sakamuri Department of chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： impaired intake critical

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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： victor v.chizhikov Igor Y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

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Performance analysis of ASR system in hybrid DNN-HMM framework using a PWL euclidean activation function

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2021年第4期15卷 185-195页

作者： Anirban DUTTA Gudmalwar ASHISHKUMAR ch v Rama RAO Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology MeghalayaShillong 793003India

Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR)is the process of mapping an acoustic speech signal into a human readable text *** systems exploit the Acoustic Component of ASR using the Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model(GMM-HMM)*** NeuralNetwork(DNN)opens up new possibilities to overcome the shortcomings of conventional statistical *** studies modeled the acoustic component of ASR system using DNN in the so called hybrid DNN-HMM *** the context of activation functions used to model the non-linearity in DNN,Rectified Linear Units(ReLU)and maxout units are mostly used in ASR *** paper concentrates on the acoustic component of a hybrid DNN-HMM system by proposing an efficient activation function for the DNN *** by previous works,euclidean norm activation function is proposed to model the non-linearity of the DNN *** non-linearity is shown to belong to the family of Piecewise Linear(PWL)functions having distinct *** functions can capture deep hierarchical features of the *** relevance of the proposal is examined in depth both theoretically and *** performance of the developed ASR system is evaluated in terms of Phone Error Rate(PER)using TIMIT *** results achieve a relative increase in performance by using the proposed function over conventional activation functions.

关键词： deep learning euclidean piecewise linear speech recognition activation function

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Fe3O4 nanoparticles impregnated eggshell as a novel catalyst for enhanced biodiesel production

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chinese Journal of chemical Engineering 2019年第11期27卷 2835-2843页

作者： ch.chingakham Asha David v.Sajith School of Nano Science and Technology National Institute of Technology CalicutIndia Malabar christian College CalicutIndia

Biodiesel is a green fuel which can replace diesel while addressing various issues such as scarcity of hydrocarbon fuels and environmental pollution to an extent. The high production cost of biodiesel and the recovery of the catalyst after the transesterification process are the major challenges to be addressed in biodiesel production. In the present work, a cheap and promising solid base oxide catalyst was synthesized from chicken eggshell by calcination at 900 ℃ forming catalyst eggshells(CES) and was impregnated with the nanomagnetic material(Fe3O4) to obtain Fe3O4 loaded catalytic eggshell(CES–Fe3O4). Fe3O4 nanomaterials were synthesized by co-precipitation method and were loaded in catalytic eggshell by sonication, for better recovery of the catalyst after transesterification process. CES–Fe3O4 material was characterized by Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a vibrating-sample magnetometer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Dynamic light scattering, and Scanning electron microscopy. Biodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of Pongamia pinnata raw oil with 1:12 oil to methanol molar ratio and 2 wt% catalyst loading for 2 h at a temperature of 65 ℃ and yields were compared. The reusability of the catalyst was studied by the transesterification of the raw oil and its catalytic activity was found to be retained up to 7 cycles with a yield of 98%.

关键词： Catalyst Biodiesel Nanoparticles Fe3O4 Impregnation Transesterification

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Contrasting plant growth performance of invasive polyploid and native diploid Prosopis is mediated by the soil bacterial community

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 193-203页

作者： Rishabh Kaushik Meesha Sharma ch.v.Ramana ch.Sasikala Maharaj K.Pandit Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre WarfieldBracknell RG426EYEnglandUK Department of Environmental Studies University of DelhiDelhi 110007India Department of Plant Sciences School of Life SciencesUniversity of HyderabadP.O.Central UniversityHyderabad 500046India Bacterial Discovery Laboratory Centre for EnvironmentInstitute of Science and TechnologyJ.N.T.University HyderabadKukatpallyHyderabad 500085India Jindal School of Environment&Sustainability OP Jindal Global UniversitySonipatHaryana 131001India

Background Soil microbial communities affect above-ground plant diversity and community composition by influencing plant growth *** studies have tested the effect of soil bacterial microbiome on growth performance of native and invasive plants,but the influence of specific bacterial isolates has not been ***,we investigated the effects of soil bacterial exclusion by soil sterilization and by inoculation of Streptomyces rhizobacterial isolates on the growth performance of native and invasive Prosopis *** Plant growth performance of invasive *** was significantly reduced when grown in sterilized soils,whereas native *** showed enhanced growth performance in the sterilized *** grown in the soil inoculated with the specific Streptomyces isolate from ***(PJ1),the growth performance of invasive *** was significantly enhanced while that of native *** seedlings was significantly ***,inoculation of *** and *** seedlings with Streptomyces isolate from the rhizosphere of native ***(PC1)had no significant effect on the growth performances either of *** or *** Our study reveals that invasive *** experiences positive feedback from the non-native soil bacterial community,while the native *** experiences negative feedback from its soil bacterial *** results provide fresh experimental evidence for the enemy release hypothesis,and further our understanding of the contrasting growth-promoting effects of differentially recruited microbial species belonging to the same genus(Streptomyces)in the rhizospheres of alien invasive and native plants.

关键词： Soil bacteria Streptomyces Invasive Prosopis juliflora Prosopis cineraria Soil microbiota

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