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Bioenhanced adv.nced third generation solid disp.rsion of tadalafil: Rep.rp.sing with imp.ov.d therap. in p.elonep.ritis

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Asian Journal of p.armaceutical Sciences 2017年第6期12卷 569-579页

作者： p.ashant p. Mande Sagar S. Bachhav.p.dma v. Dev.rajan Dep.rtment of p.armaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology N. P. Marg

Tadalafil (TDL) a BCS-II drug is recently rep.rted for rep.rp.sing nep.rop.otectiv. effect in p.elonep.ritis (p.). Howev.r, p.or water solubility and dissolution rate limited oral bioav.ilability p.se serious challenges in its therap.utic ap.lications. We p.esent an adv.nced third generation Solid Disp.rsion (SD) of TDL comp.ising a p.lymer in combination with a Self Micro-emulsifying Comp.sition (SMEC) to achiev. high drug loading, imp.ov.d stability and rap.d dissolution of TDL for enhancing bioav.ilability and efficacy in p.. TDLSMEC-SD was coated onto rap.dly disintegrating inert tablet cores which disintegrated rap.dly in water to release SD as a film. TDL-SMEC-SD was ev.luated for in-v.v. oral bioav.ilability and in-v.v. efficacy in lip.p.lysaccharide-induced p. in rats. TDL exhibited high solubility (45.6 mg/ml) in the SMEC. TDL-SMEC-SD exhibited remarkably high TDL loading (45%w/w),excep.ionally low contact angle (9°), rap.d in-v.tro release (t50 7.3 min), microemulsion formation(globule size ~100 nm) in aqueous disp.rsion, and stability as p.r ICH ***, DSC, and XRD confirmed high p.ysical stability. A relativ. bioav.ilability of 350% and 150% comp.red to TDL and TDL-SD without SMEC resp.ctiv.ly, established the sup.riority of TDL-SMEC-SD. A significant reduction in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and nitric oxide lev.ls in the lip.p.lysaccharide-induced p. confirmed the benefit of the TDL-SMECSD. The adv.nced third generation SMEC SDs p.esents the p.ssibility of p.atform technology for bioenhancement of p.orly water soluble drugs.

关键词： p.osp.odiesterase-5 Lip.p.lysaccharide Kidney infection Eudragit Ep. Kidney failure

Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Sp.kelets of Tolerant Rice Genotyp. Offset Grain Yield Loss under p.st-Anthesis High Night Temp.ratures

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Rice science 2024年第5期31卷 572-586,I0059-I0061页

作者： Nitin SHARMA Bhup.nder SINGH Subbaiyan Gop.la KRISHNAN Haritha BOLLINEDI p.anab Kumar MANDAL Milan Kumar LAL p.akash Kumar JHA p.v.v.ra p.ASAD Anjali ANAND Div.sion of p.ant p.ysiology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI)New Delhi 110012India Div.sion of Env.ronment Science ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India Div.sion of Genetics ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India ICAR-National Institute for p.ant Biotechnology New Delhi 110012India Div.sion of Crop.p.ysiology and Biochemistry ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttack 753006India Dep.rtment of p.ant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762USA Feed the Future Innov.tion Lab for Collaborativ. Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Dep.rtment of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Increased nighttime resp.ratory losses decrease the amount of p.otoassimilates av.ilable for p.ant growth and yield. We hyp.thesized that the increased resp.ratory carbon loss under high night temp.ratures(HNT) could be comp.nsated for by increased p.otosynthesis during the day following HNT exp.sure. Two rice genotyp.s, v.ndana(HNT-sensitiv.) and Nagina 22(HNT-tolerant), were exp.sed to HNT(4 ℃ abov. the control) from flowering to p.ysiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source(flag leaf) and its subsequent imp.ct on grain filling dynamics and the quality of sp.tially differentiated sinks(sup.rior and inferior sp.kelets). Both genotyp.s exhibited significantly higher night resp.ration rates. Howev.r, only Nagina 22 comp.nsated for the high resp.ration rates with an increased p.otosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady p.oduction of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, p.rticularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of ^(14)C sugars to the sup.rior and inferior sp.kelets, resp.ctiv.ly. The ratio of p.otosynthetic rate to resp.ratory rate on a leaf area basis was negativ.ly correlated with sp.kelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled sp.kelet number and grain weight p.r p.ant, p.rticularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality p.rameters such as head rice recov.ry, high-density grains, and gelatinization temp.rature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological p.op.rties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling p.ocess of p.oduct formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between sup.rior and inferior sp.kelets fav.red the growth of inferior sp.kelets, which help.d to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotyp. Nagina 22.

关键词： high night temp.rature inferior grain p.sting p.op.rty radiolabeled sugar sup.rior grain

Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Sp.kelets of Tolerant Rice Genotyp. Offset Grain Yield Loss under p.st-Anthesis High Night Temp.ratures

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Rice Science 2024年第5期 572-589页

作者： Nitin SHARMA Bhup.nder SINGH Subbaiyan Gop.la KRISHNAN Haritha BOLLINEDI p.anab Kumar MANDAL Milan Kumar LAL p.akash Kumar JHA p.v.v.ra p.ASAD Anjali ANAND Div.sion of p.ant p.ysiology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) Div.sion of Env.ronment Science ICAR-IARI Div.sion of Genetics ICAR-IARI ICAR-National Institute for p.ant Biotechnology Div.sion of Crop.p.ysiology and Biochemistry ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Dep.rtment of p.ant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Feed the Future Innov.tion Lab for Collaborativ. Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State University Dep.rtment of Agronomy Kansas State University

Increased nighttime resp.ratory losses decrease the amount of p.otoassimilates av.ilable for p.ant growth and yield. We hyp.thesized that the increased resp.ratory carbon loss under high night temp.ratures（HNT） could be comp.nsated for by increased p.otosynthesis during the day following HNT exp.sure. Two rice genotyp.s, v.ndana（HNT-sensitiv.） and Nagina 22（HNT-tolerant）, were exp.sed to HNT（4 ℃ abov. the control） from flowering to p.ysiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source（flag leaf） and its subsequent imp.ct on grain filling dynamics and the quality of sp.tially differentiated sinks（sup.rior and inferior sp.kelets）. Both genotyp.s exhibited significantly higher night resp.ration rates. Howev.r, only Nagina 22 comp.nsated for the high resp.ration rates with an increased p.otosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady p.oduction of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, p.rticularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of14C sugars to the sup.rior and inferior sp.kelets, resp.ctiv.ly. The ratio of p.otosynthetic rate to resp.ratory rate on a leaf area basis was negativ.ly correlated with sp.kelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled sp.kelet number and grain weight p.r p.ant, p.rticularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality p.rameters such as head rice recov.ry, high-density grains, and gelatinization temp.rature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological p.op.rties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling p.ocess of p.oduct formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between sup.rior and inferior sp.kelets fav.red the growth of inferior sp.kelets, which help.d to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotyp. Nagina 22.

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Analysis of the Statistical Behav.our of Daily Maximumand Monthly Rainfall Data at New DelhiDuring Monsoon p.riod

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Adv.nces in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2002年第3期19卷 425-432页

作者： C. v. Singh R. S. Adhikari H. p. Garg Centre of Energy Studies Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas 110 016 New Delhi India

A statistical analysis of monthly mean and daily maximum rainfall data at New Delhi during the mon-soon (June-Sep.ember) p.riod 1940-1980 is p.esented. It has been observ.d that a good correlation exists between the monthly and daily maximum rainfall. A linear regression analysis of the data is found to be sig nificant for all the four months. Some key statistical p.rameters like the mean v.lues of Coefficient of v.ri ability (Cv., Relativ. v.riability (Rv. and p.rcentage Interannual v.riability (p.v. hav. been studied and found to be at v.riance. Howev.r, their corresp.nding ratios between mean daily maximum and mean monthly rainfall are significantly lower.

关键词： Monsoon rainfall Coefficient of v.riability Relativ. v.riability p.rcentage interannual v.ria-bility

Ranking env.ronmental and edap.ic attributes driv.ng soil microbial community structure and activ.ty with sp.cial attention to sp.tial and temp.ral scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： v.dakattu v.S.R.Gup.a James M.Tiedje CSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly comp.ex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observ.d structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(disp.rsal),the selectiv. adv.ntages of those organisms under the habitat-based env.ronmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselv.s ov.r *** soil is p.otectiv.,and its microbial inhabitants hav. long adap.ed to v.ried soil conditions,significant p.rtions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial p.rtion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the driv.rs be ranked on the basis of their imp.rtance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that sup.ly energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron accep.ors;(i)env.ronmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,p.,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,p.ants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv.nutrients,in order,N,p.and p.obably of lesser imp.rtance,other micronutrients,and *** relev.nce of driv.rs also v.ries with sp.tial and time scales,for examp.e,aggregate to field to regional,and p.rsistent to dynamic p.p.lations to transcrip.s,and with the extent of p.ylogenetic difference,hence p.enotyp.c differences in organismal *** p.esent a summary matrix to p.ov.de guidance on which driv.rs are imp.rtant for p.rticular studies,with sp.cial emp.asis on a wide range of sp.tial and temp.ral scales,and illustrate this with genomic and p.p.lation(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure div.rsity functional microbiome microorganisms

MicroRNAs as p.tential diagnostic biomarkers for bip.lar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

作者： Bridget Martinez p.ilip.v.p.p.ow Dep.rtment of p.armacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Dep.rtment of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Dep.rtment of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Abnormal exp.ession of microRNAs is connected to brain dev.lop.ent and disease and could p.ov.de nov.l biomarkers for the diagnosis and p.ognosis of bip.lar disorder. We p.rformed a p.bMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bip.lar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies p.rformed with human p.tients and p.blished from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA p.ofiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had v.lidated the p.eliminary findings,p.tential candidate biomarkers for bip.lar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p.-30d-5p.-330-5p.-378a-5p.-21-3p.-330-3p.-345-5p.in whole blood, miR-19b-3p.-1180-3p.-125a-5p. let-7e-5p.in blood p.asma, and miR-7-5p.-23b-5p.-142-3p.-221-5p.-370-3p.in the blood serum. Two of the studies had inv.stigated the changes in microRNA exp.ession of p.tients with bip.lar disorder receiv.ng treatment. One showed a significant increase in p.asma miR-134 comp.red to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typ.cal antip.ychotics, atyp.cal antip.ychotics, and benzodiazep.nes. The other study had assessed the effects of p.escribed medications which included neurotransmitter recep.orsite binders(drug class B) and sedativ.s, hyp.otics, anticonv.lsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p.and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serv. as biomarkers of bip.lar disorder at different clinical states of mania, dep.ession, and euthymia. One study showed that up.egulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p.-29a-3p.-106a-5p.-106b-5p.-107,-125a-3p.-125b-5p.and of miR-107,-125a-3p.occurred in manic and euthymic p.tients comp.red to controls, resp.ctiv.ly, and that up.egulation of miR-106a-5p.-107 was found for manic comp.red to euthymic p.tients. In two other studies using blood p.asma,downregulation of miR-134 was observ.d i

关键词： biomarker bip.lar disorder blood leukocytes blood p.asma blood p.asma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular v.sicles/exosomes lymp.oblastoid cell lines microRNA neural p.ogenitor cells whole blood

MicroRNAs as p.tential biomarkers for diagnosis of p.st-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

p.st-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exp.sure to sev.re traumatic life ***,there are no v.lidated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma surv.v.rs with and without p.st-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical p.esentations of p.st-traumatic stress disorder and the ov.rlap.of symp.oms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inap.rop.iate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the p.ssibility that p.rip.eral markers of disease may be used to diagnose p.st-traumatic stress *** p.rformed a p.bMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in p.st-traumatic stress disorder(p.SD)that could serv. as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies p.rformed with human p.tients and p.blished January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,sev.n with p.rip.eral blood mononuclear cells,four with p.asma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not inv.lv. microRNA *** of the studies had collected samp.es from adult male v.terans who had returned from dep.oyment and been exp.sed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA exp.ession lev.ls,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time p.lymerase chain reaction assay to determine/v.lidate miRNA exp.ession in p.SD subjects comp.red to *** miRNAs that were found/v.lidated in these studies may be considered as p.tential candidate biomarkers for p.SD and include miR-3130-5p.in whole blood;miR-193a-5p.-7113-5p.-125a,-181c,and-671-5p.in p.rip.eral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p.-203a-3p.-4488,-502-3p.-874-3p.-5100,and-7641 in p.asma extracellular v.sicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA p.rip.eral blood mononuclear cells p.asma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes p.st-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole p.asma

Thin Films for Coating Nanomaterials

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第6期10卷 709-717页

作者： S. M. Mukhop.dhyay p. Joshi R. v. p.likollu Dep.rtment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USA

For nano-structured solids （those with one or more dimensions in the 1-100 nm range）, attemp.s of surface modification can p.se significant and new challenges. In traditional materials, the surface coating could be sev.ral hundreds nanometers in thickness, or ev.n microns and millimeters. In a nano-structured material, such as p.rticle or nanofibers, the coating thickness has to be substantially smaller than the bulk dimensions （100 nm or less）, yet be durable and effectiv.. In this p.p.r, some asp.cts of effectiv. nanometer scale coatings hav. been discussed. These films hav. been dep.sited by a non-line of sight （p.asma） techniques; and therefore, they are cap.ble of modifying nanofibers, near net shap. cellular foams, and other high p.rosity materials. Two typ.s of coatings will be focused up.n：（a） those that make the surface inert and （b） those designed to enhance surface reactiv.ty and bonding. The former has been achiev.d by forming 1-2 nm layer of --CF2- （and/or CF3） group. on the surface, and the latter by creating a nano- layer of SiO2-typ. comp.und. Nucleation and growth studies of the p.asma-generated film indicate that they start forming as 2-3 nm high islands that grow laterally, and ev.ntually comp.etely cov.r the surface with 2-3 nm film. Contact angle measurements indicate that these nano-coatings are fully functional ev.n before they hav. achiev.d comp.ete cov.rage of 2-3 nm. They should therefore be ap.licable to nano-structural solids. This is corroborated by ap.lication of these films on v.p.r grown nanofibers of carbon, and on grap.itic foams. Coated and uncoated materials are infiltrated with ep.xy matrix to form comp.sites and their microstructure, as well as mechanical behav.ors are comp.red. The results show that the nano-oxide coating can significantly enhance bond formation between carbon and organic p.ases, thereby enhancing wettability, disp.rsion, and comp.site behav.or. The fluorocarbon coating, as exp.cted, reduces bond formation, an

关键词： surface modification nanomaterial nano-oxide coating fluorocarbon coating

In-situ study of the microstructure ev.lution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy p.ocessed by rap.dly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jeno Gubicza Kristián Máthis p.ter Nagy p.ter Jenei Zoltán Hegedus Andrea Farkas Jozef v.sely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Dep.rtment of Materials p.ysics Faculty of ScienceEotvos Loránd UniversityPázmány P.sétány 1/ABudapest H-1117Hungary Dep.rtment of p.ysics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 Praha 2Czech Republic Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr.85Hamburg 22603Germany Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys p.ocessed by rap.dly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique exhibit an excep.ional mechanical p.rformance indicating p.omising ap.lication *** material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers(CALs)and nanop.ates(CANap.),or comp.ete long p.riod stacking ordered(Lp.O)*** order to rev.al the deformation mechanisms,in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line p.ofile analysis was emp.oyed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9%Zn-2.05%Y-0.15%Al(at%)*** uncov.ring the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical p.rformance,additional samp.es were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated sp.cimen at 300 and 400℃ for 2 *** heat treatment at 300℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure,its ev.lution during tension and,thus,the ov.rall deformation behav.or under tensile *** the other hand,annealing at 400℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density,leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical *** maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samp.es corresp.nding to the p.astic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20×10^(14)m^(-2).The diffraction p.ofile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basal and p.ramidal typ.s,what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor v.lues rev.aled indep.ndently from orientation *** was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the p.astic strain of 3% than abov. this v.lue,which was exp.ained by a model of the interaction between p.ismatic dislocations and CANap./Lp.O p.ates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long p.riod stacking ordered(Lp.O)p.ase Cluster arranged nanop.ates(CANap.) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening