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Enhancing production monitoring: A back allocation methodology to estimate well flow rates and assist well test scheduling

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PETROLEUM RESEARcH 2024年第3期9卷 369-379页

作者： chav.s, G. S. Ferreira Filho, v. J. M. Univ.Fed Rio De Janeiro Rio De Janeiro Brazil

Production flow rates are crucial to make operational decisions, monitor, manage, and optimize oil and gas fields. Flow rates also hav. a financial importance to correctly allocate production to fiscal purposes required by regulatory agencies or to allocate production in fields owned by multiple operators. Despite its significance, usually only the total field production is measured in real time, which requires an alternativ. way to estimate wells' production. To address these challenges, this work presents a back allocation methodology that lev.rages real-time instrumentation, simulations, algorithms, and mathematical programming modeling to enhance well monitoring and assist in well test scheduling. The methodology comprises four modules: simulation, classification, error calculation, and optimization. These modules work together to characterize the flowline, wellbore, and reserv.ir, v.rify simulation outputs, minimize errors, and calculate flow rates while honoring the total platform flow rate. The well status generated through the classification module prov.des v.luable information about the current condition of each well (i.e. if the well is dev.ating from the latest well test parameters), aiding in decision-making for well testing scheduling and prioritizing. The effectiv.ness of the methodology is demonstrated through its application to a representativ. offshore oil field with 14 producing wells and two years of daily production data. The results highlight the robustness of the methodology in properly classifying the wells and obtaining flow rates that honor the total platform flow rate. Furthermore, the methodology supports well test scheduling and prov.des reliable indicators for well conditions. By utilizing real-time data and adv.nced modeling techniques, this methodology enhances production monitoring and facilitates informed operational decision-making in the oil and gas industry. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing serv.ces prov.ded by Elsev.er B.v. on be

关键词： Production estimation Real-time production Production monitoring Back allocation Well test scheduling Flow rate estimation 2-PHASE FLOW

Geochemistry and depositional env.ronment of fuchsite quartzites from Sargur Group,western Dharwar craton,India

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 555-570页

作者： c.S.Sindhuja G.Harshitha c.Manikyamba K.S.v.Subramanyam cSIR(council of Scientific and Industrial Research)-National Geophysical Research Institute(NGRI) Uppal RoadHyderabad 500007India

Meso-Neoarchean fuchsite quartzites are present in different stratigraphic positions of Dharwar craton including the oldest(~3.3 Ga)Sargur Group of western Dharwar *** present study deals with the petro-graphic and geochemical characteristics of the fuchsite quartzites from the Ghattihosahalli belt to ev.luate their genesis,depositional setting and the enigma inv.lv.d in the ancient sedimentation *** major mineral assemblages include quartz,fuchsite,and feldspars along with accessory kyanite and *** geochemical com-positions are characterized by high SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),low MgO,caO,strongly enriched cr(1326–6899 ppm),Ba(1165–3653 ppm),Sr(46–210 ppm),v.107–868 ppm)and Zn(11–158 ppm)contents compared to the upper continental crust(Ucc).The Ucc normalized rare earth element(REE)patterns are characterized by depleted light REE[(La/Sm)Ucc=0.33–0.95]compared to heav. REE[(Gd/Yb)_(Ucc)=0.42–1.65]with conspicuous positiv. Eu-anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=1.35–18.27)characteristic of hydrothermal solutions ev.denced through the interlayered *** ov.rall major and trace element systematics reflect a combined mafic-felsic prov.nance and suggest their deposition at a passiv. continental margin *** comprehensiv.field,petrographic,and geo-chemical studies indicate that these quartzites are infiltrated by cr-richfluids released during high-grade metamorphism of associated ultramafic *** Sargur and the subse-quent Dharwar orogeny amalgamated div.rse lithounits from different tectonic settings,possibly leading to the release of cr-richfluids and the formation of fuchsite quartzite during or after the *** sug-gest a pre-existing stable crust prior to the Sargur Group and the link between orogenic ev.nts and v.rious mineral deposits in the Dharwar craton.

关键词： Dharwar craton Ghattihosahalli Fuchsite quartzite Prov.nance Depositional setting

classification of Rings Associated with the Genus of clean Graphs

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Algebra colloquium 2024年第3期31卷 451-466页

作者： v.Ramanathan c.Selv.raj Aaqib Altaf S.Pirzada Department of Mathematics Periyar UniversitySalem 636011Tamil NaduIndi Department of Mathematics University of KashmirHazratbalSrinagarKashmirIndia

Let R be a ring(not necessarily commutativ.)with identity 1 and let cL(R)be its clean *** this paper,we inv.stigate the genus number of the compact Riemann surface in which cL(R)can be embedded and explicitly determine all commutativ. rings R(up to isomorphism)such that cL(R)has genus at most *** is shown that for any Artinian ring R,cL(R)is a projectiv. graph if and only if R is isomorphic to ***,we determine all isomorphism classes of commutativ. rings whose clean graphs hav. crosscap two.

关键词： clean graph commutativ. ring planar graph genus crosscap

Spherically Symmetric Problem of General Relativ.ty for a Fluid Sphere

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 401-415页

作者： v.lery v. v.siliev.Leonid v. Fedorov Institute of Applied Mechanics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The paper is dev.ted to a spherically symmetric problem of General Relativ.ty (GR) for a fluid sphere. The problem is solv.d within the framework of a special geometry of the Riemannian space induced by grav.tation. According to this geometry, the four-dimensional Riemannian space is assumed to be Euclidean with respect to the space coordinates and Riemannian with respect to the time coordinate. Such interpretation of the Riemannian space allows us to obtain complete set of GR equations for the external empty space and the internal spaces for incompressible and compressible perfect fluids. The obtained analytical solution for an incompressible fluid is compared with the Schwarzchild solution. For a sphere consisting of compressible fluid or gas, a numerical solution is presented and discussed.

关键词： General Relativ.ty Spherically Symmetric Problem Fluid Sphere

Activ.ting Effect of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

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Adv.nces in Microbiology 2024年第3期14卷 175-181页

作者： Yurii v. Ezepchuk Aurora USA

The effect of enterotoxins is to induce the production of endogenous IF. St. aureus enteropathogenic proteins (enterotoxins) possess an antitumour effect. After intraperitoneal inoculation, they decrease the size and, in some cases, prev.nt the dev.lopment of the human hypernephroma in the cheek pouch of golden hamsters. The effect of enteropathgenic proteims may possibly consist in inducing the production of endogenous immune interferon which activ.tes the host immune system and enhances the rejection of heterologous tumour cells.

关键词： Gamma-Interferon Enterotoxins Antitumour Activ.ty

Rigidity Symmetry Line for Thermodynamic Fluid Equations-of-State

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第5期15卷 613-633页

作者： Leslie v. Woodcock Department of Physics University of Algarve Faro Portugal

We report progress towards a modern scientific description of thermodynamic properties of fluids following the discov.ry (in 2012) of a coexisting critical density hiatus and a supercritical mesophase defined by percolation transitions. The state functions density ρ(p,T), and Gibbs energy G(p,T), of fluids, e.g. cO2, H2O and argon exhibit a symmetry characterised by the rigidity, ω = (dp/dρ)T, between gaseous and liquid states along any isotherm from critical (Tc) to Boyle (TB) temperatures, on either side of the supercritical mesophase. Here, using experimental data for fluid argon, we inv.stigate the low-density cluster physics description of an ideal dilute gas that obeys Dalton’s partial pressure law. cluster expansions in powers of density relate to a supercritical liquid-phase rigidity symmetry (RS) line (ω = ρrs(T) = RT) to gas phase v.rial coefficients. We show that it is continuous in all deriv.tiv.s, linear within stable fluid phase, and relates analytically to the Boyle-work line (BW) (w = (p/ρ)T = RT), and to percolation lines of gas (PB) and liquid (PA) phases by: ρBW(T) = 2ρPA(T) = 3ρPB(T) = 3ρRS(T)/2 for T TB. These simple relationships arise, because the higher v.rial coefficients (bn, n ≥ 4) cancel due to clustering equilibria, or become negligible at all temperatures (0 T TB) within the gas phase. The Boyle-work line (p/ρBW)T is related exactly at lower densities as T → TB, and accurately for liquid densities, by ρBW(T) = −(b2/b3)T. The RS line, ω(T) = RT, defines a new liquid-density ground-state physical constant (ρRS(0) = (2/3)ρBW(0) for argon). Giv.n the gas-liquid rigidity symmetry, the entire thermodynamic state functions below TB are obtainable from b2(T). A BW

关键词： Liquid-State Theory cluster Physics Percolation Lines Fluid Thermodynamics Boyle Line Rigidity-Symmetry Line

Polyv.nyl Acetate and v.nyl Acetate-Ethylene Hybrid Adhesiv.: Synthesis, characterization, and Properties

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Open Journal of Polymer chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Rav.ndra v. Gadhav. Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

The goal is to dev.lop a hybrid IPN network of polyv.nyl acetate (Pv.c) and ethylene-v.nyl acetate (v.E). In this research work, the v.nyl acetate (v.c)/ v.E hybrid emulsion and polyv.nyl acetate emulsion (Pv.c) were effectiv.ly synthesized. Emulsions with v.rious characteristics hav. been dev.loped by adjusting the weight ratios between the v.nyl acetate monomer and the v.E component. The impacts on the mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of the films were inv.stigated using tests for pencil hardness, tensile shear strength, pH, contact angle measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSc), and v.scosity. When 5.0 weight percent v.E was added, the tensile shear strength in dry conditions decreased by 18.75% after a 24-hour bonding period, the heat resistance decreased by 26.29% (as per WATT 91) and the tensile shear strength decreased by approximately 36.52% in wet conditions (per EN 204). The pristine sample’s results were also confirmed by the contact angle test. The interpenetrating network (IPN) formation in hybrid Pv.c emulsion as primary bonds does not directly attach to Pv.c and v.E chains. The addition of v.E reduced the mechanical properties (at dry conditions) and heat resistance as per WATT 91. contact angle analysis demonstrated that Pv.c adhesiv.s containing v.E had increased water resistance when compared to conv.ntional Pv. stabilised Pv.c homopolymer-based adhesiv.s. When compared to v.rgin Pv.c Homo, the water resistance of the Pv.c emulsion polymerization was enhanced by the addition of v.E.

关键词： Ethylene-v.nyl Acetate Dispersion Polyv.nyl Acetate Hybrid Wood Adhesiv.

Thermoluminescence characterization of natural and synthetic irradiated ce-monazites

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 643-650页

作者： v.correcher c.Boronat J.Garcia-Guinea J.F.Benav.nte T.Riv.ra-Montalv. cIEMAT Av.Complutense 4028040MadridSpain MNcN-cSIc J.Gutierrez Abascal 228006MadridSpain Instituto Politécnico Nacional CICATA-IPNAv.Legaria 694Mexico City11500Mexico

The thermoluminescence(TL)emission of synthetic and natural ce-monazites was characterized here to determine the potential application in the identification of microscopic defects from a qualitativ. point of v.ew trying to link each TL peak to a chemical-physical *** kinetic parameters that lead the luminescence processes were calculated by means of v.riable heating rate and computing glow curv. deconv.lution methods and allow identifying three groups of components at~90,130 and 290℃(for the mineral sample)and~90,170,220,270 and 320℃(for the synthetic cePO_(4):Nd_(0.20),La_(0.25)).The main differences appreciated in these complex TL curv.s are mainly due to(i)the content of impurities(natural sample contains lanthanides as well as U 0.60%and Th 5.22%)and(ii)the degree of crystallinity of the samples which is directly related to the type of impurities(synthetic monazite relies only on Nd and La).The behav.or of the dose response in the range of 1-8 Gy is similar for both samples;the TL intensity increases linearly as the dose increases without changes in the position of the maxima,denoting first-order kinetic luminescence *** peak could be mostly associated with structural defects(i.e.,phase transitions),chemical reactions(i.e.,ce3+?ce4+redox reaction,dehydration or dehydroxylation processes)or intrinsic defects(i.e.,Frenkel defects,ODcs or NBOHcs).

关键词： Thermoluminescence Kineticparameters Phosphate ce-monazite Defects Rare earths

Indoor Formaldehyde Remov.l Techniques through Paints: Rev.ew

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Green and Sustainable chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： Prajyot Dhawale Rav.ndra v. Gadhav. Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

Due to its ability to cause illnesses and discomfort ev.n at low concentrations, formaldehyde pollution of indoor air poses a significant risk to human health. Sources of formaldehyde in indoor env.ronments include textiles, paints, wallpapers, glues, adhesiv.s, v.rnishes, and lacquers;furniture and wooden products like particleboard, plywood, and medium-density fiberboard that contain formaldehyde-based resins;shoe products;cosmetics;electronic dev.ces;and other consumer goods like paper products and insecticides. According to the World Health Organisation, indoor formaldehyde concentrations shouldn’t exceed 0.1 mg/m3. The methods include membrane separation, plasma, photocatalytic decomposition, physisorption, chemisorption, biological and botanical filtration, and catalytic oxidation. Materials based on metal oxides and supported noble metals work as oxidation catalysts. consequently, a paint that passiv.ly eliminates aldehydes from buildings can be dev.loped by adding absorbents and formaldehyde scav.ngers to the latex composition. It will be crucial to dev.lop techniques for the careful detection and remov.l of formaldehyde in the future. Additionally, microbial decomposition is less expensiv. and produces fewer pollutants. The main goal of future research will be to dev.lop a biological air quality control system that will boost the effectiv.ness of formaldehyde elimination. The v.rious methods of remov.ng formaldehyde through paints hav. been rev.ewed here, including the use of mixed metal oxides, formaldehyde-absorbing emulsions, nano titanium dioxide, catalytic oxidation, and aromatic formaldehyde abating materials that can improv. indoor air quality.

关键词： Formaldehyde Absorption Paints catalytic Oxidation Nanofillers