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Optimizing the Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2006年第6期22卷 821-825页

作者： M.balasubramanian v.Jayabalan v. balasubramanian Department of Production Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyIndia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Anna UniversityIndia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityIndia

The selection of process parameter in the gas tungsten arc （GTA） welding of titanium alloy was presented for obtaining optimum grain size and hardness. Titanium alloy （Ti-6Al-4v. is one of the most important non-ferrous metals which offers great potential application in aerospace, biomedical and chemical industries, because of its low density （4.5 g/cm^3）, excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, attractiv. fracture behav.our and high melting point （1678℃）. The preferred welding process for titanium alloy is frequent GTA welding due to its comparativ.ly easier applicability and better economy. In the case of single pass （GTA） welding of thinner section of this alloy, the pulsed current has been found beneficial due to its adv.ntages ov.r the conv.ntional continuous current process. Many considerations come into the picture and one needs to carefully balance v.rious pulse current parameters to reach an optimum combination. Four factors, fiv. lev.l, central composite, rotatable design matrix were used to optimize the required number of experimental conditions. Mathematical models were dev.loped to predict the fusion zone grain size using analysis of v.riance （ANOv.） and regression analysis. The dev.loped models were optimized using the traditional Hooke and Jeev.＇s algorithm. Experimental results were prov.ded to illustrate the proposed approach.

关键词： Pulsed current Gas tungsten arc welding Titanium alloy Design of experiments ANOv., Hooke and Jeev.'s algorithm Grain size Hardness

Comparison of RSM with ANN in predicting tensile strength of friction stir welded AA7039 aluminium alloy joints

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第1期19卷 9-18页

作者： A. K. LAKSHMINARAYANAN v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining ＆ Research （CEMAJOR） Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608 002 Tamil Nadu India

磨擦搅动(FSW ) 焊接是一种创新稳固的州的加入技术并且在太空，栏杆，为加入铝的汽车、海洋的工业，镁，锌和铜被采用了合金。FSW 过程参数象工具那样旋转速度，焊接速度，轴的力量，在决定焊接质量起一个主要作用。二个方法，反应表... 详细信息

磨擦搅动(FSW ) 焊接是一种创新稳固的州的加入技术并且在太空，栏杆，为加入铝的汽车、海洋的工业，镁，锌和铜被采用了合金。FSW 过程参数象工具那样旋转速度，焊接速度，轴的力量，在决定焊接质量起一个主要作用。二个方法，反应表面方法论和人工的神经网络被用来预言磨擦的张力的强度搅动焊接 AA7039 铝合金。实验基于三个因素被进行，三水平、中央的合成的脸与完整的复制技术集中了设计，并且数学模型被开发。敏感分析被执行识别批评参数。通过反应表面方法论获得的结果与通过人工的神经网络的那些相比。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊铜铝合金 AA7039 拉伸性能

Tensile and Impact Properties of Shielded Metal Arc Welded AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第2期25卷 181-186页

作者： K. Shanmugam A.K. Lakshminarayanan v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India

The present study is concerned with the effect of filler metals such as austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel on tensile and impact properties of the ferritic stainless steel conforming to AISI 409M grade. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Tensile and impact properties, microhardness, microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals were ev.luated and the results were reported. From this inv.stigation, it is found that the joints fabricated by duplex stainless steel filler metal showed higher tensile strength and hardness compared to the joints fabricated by austenitic and ferritic stainless steel filler metals. Joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel filler metal exhibited higher ductility and impact toughness compared with the joints fabricated by ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals.

关键词： Ferritic stainless steel Shielded metal arc welding Tensile properties Impact toughness

Optimizing the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) parameters to attain coatings with minimum porosity and maximum hardness on the friction stir welded AA6061 aluminium alloy welds

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第2期13卷 111-117页

作者： R. Kamal Jayaraj S. Malarv.zhi v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining and Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Micro-arc oxidation(MAO) technique is capable of producing dense oxide films on the aluminium alloy surface. This oxide film protects the aluminium alloy from the corrosion attack for longer *** relationships were deriv.d to ev.luate the MAO coating properties(porosity and hardness) by incorporating v.ry important MAO parameters(current density, inter-electrode distance and oxidation time). MAO parameters were also optimized to achiev. coatings with minimum porosity and maximum hardness. Further, the effect of MAO parameters on coating characteristics was analysed. From the results, it is found that the current density has greater influence on the responses than the other two parameters.

关键词： Micro-arc oxidation Aluminium alloy Friction stir weld Response surface methodology

Effect of fusion welding processes on tensile properties of armor grade, high thickness, non-heat treatable aluminium alloy joints

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第3期15卷 353-362页

作者： K. v.su H. Chelladurai Addanki Ramaswamy S. Malarv.zhi v. balasubramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur Madhya pradesh 482005 India Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar -(P.O) Tamil nadu 608002 India

AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military v.hicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by ev.luating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at v.rious zones. It is ev.dent from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectiv.ly reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the ev.poration of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improv.d ductility than GMAW joint.

关键词： Gas tungsten arc welding Gas metal arc welding Armor grade aluminium alloy Tensile properties Microhardness

摩擦搅拌焊AA2024铝合金在盐雾条件下的腐蚀性能（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第5期25卷 1427-1438页

作者： R.SEETHARAMAN v.RAv.SANKAR v.balasubramanian Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Center for Materials Joining & Research Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University

2024铝合金是一种重要的工程材料,被大量应用于航空工业。但是在含氯介质中,2024铝合金易于腐蚀。本研究对5 mm厚AA2024铝合金轧板进行摩擦搅拌焊接。通过Na Cl溶液盐雾腐蚀试验对试样在不同p H值、氯离子浓度和喷雾时间条件下的腐蚀性... 详细信息

2024铝合金是一种重要的工程材料,被大量应用于航空工业。但是在含氯介质中,2024铝合金易于腐蚀。本研究对5 mm厚AA2024铝合金轧板进行摩擦搅拌焊接。通过Na Cl溶液盐雾腐蚀试验对试样在不同p H值、氯离子浓度和喷雾时间条件下的腐蚀性能进行评价。建立一个经验关系式对摩擦搅拌焊AA2024铝合金的腐蚀速率进行预测。采用含有3因素5水平的中心复合旋转设计以减少实验次数。采用响应曲面法研究实验参数间的关联关系。在中性p H条件下,腐蚀速率降低;而在碱性和酸性条件下,腐蚀速率增加。随着喷雾时间的增加,腐蚀速率降低,但腐蚀趋于均匀,而随着氯离子浓度的增加,腐蚀速率增加。

关键词： AA2024铝合金摩擦搅拌焊盐雾实验响应曲面法腐蚀速率

焊接速度对GTA焊接AZ31B镁合金接头组织和拉伸性能的影响(英文)

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第9期24卷 2776-2784页

作者： v.SUBRAv.L G.PADMANABAN v.balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University Annamalainagar- 608002 Tamil Nadu India

研究焊接速度对脉冲电流钨极惰性气体保护焊接（PCGTAW）AZ31B镁合金接头组织和拉伸性能的影响。实验中焊接速度为105-145 mm/min。结果表明,焊接速度为135 mm/min时,所得接头具有最好的拉伸性能。在熔合区生成的细小晶粒组织和均匀分... 详细信息

研究焊接速度对脉冲电流钨极惰性气体保护焊接（PCGTAW）AZ31B镁合金接头组织和拉伸性能的影响。实验中焊接速度为105-145 mm/min。结果表明,焊接速度为135 mm/min时,所得接头具有最好的拉伸性能。在熔合区生成的细小晶粒组织和均匀分布的析出相是导致较好的拉伸性能的主要原因。

关键词： AZ31B镁合金钨极惰性气体保护焊焊接速度拉伸性能显微组织

AA7075铝合金熔化极气体保护焊十字接头根部失效疲劳寿命的预测(英文)

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第6期21卷 1210-1217页

作者： B. RAv.NDRA T. SENTHIL KUMAR v. balasubramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology Near Jnana Bharathi Campus Department of Mechanical Engineering Anna University-Tiruchirappalli Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

通过建立一经验公式来预测熔化极气体保护焊十字接头根部失效的疲劳寿命。采用高强可时效硬化的AA7075-T6铝合金作为基材进行焊接实验。实验设计概念被用来优化进行疲劳实验所需要的次数。在一伺服液压控制疲劳实验机上进行疲劳实验,实... 详细信息

通过建立一经验公式来预测熔化极气体保护焊十字接头根部失效的疲劳寿命。采用高强可时效硬化的AA7075-T6铝合金作为基材进行焊接实验。实验设计概念被用来优化进行疲劳实验所需要的次数。在一伺服液压控制疲劳实验机上进行疲劳实验,实验采用恒定荷载。采用所建立的经验公式,预测的熔化极气体保护焊十字接头根部失效疲劳寿命可达到95%的可信度水平。详细讨论了十字接头尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响。

关键词：铝合金熔化极气体保护焊十字接头疲劳寿命

AA2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺窗口的建立(英文)

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第11期21卷 2339-2347页

作者： A. K. LAKSHMINARAYANAN S. MALARv.ZHI v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

建立AA2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接的工艺窗口。采用不同的工艺参数如旋转速度和焊接速度来焊接该铝合金。通过对焊接接头的宏观形貌分析,建立搅拌摩擦焊的工艺窗口。通过拉伸试验、显微组织观察,对工艺窗口不同区域的接头强度进行分析。焊... 详细信息

建立AA2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接的工艺窗口。采用不同的工艺参数如旋转速度和焊接速度来焊接该铝合金。通过对焊接接头的宏观形貌分析,建立搅拌摩擦焊的工艺窗口。通过拉伸试验、显微组织观察,对工艺窗口不同区域的接头强度进行分析。焊接接头断裂的位置与最低硬度分布相关。所建立的工艺窗口可以用来选择适当的工艺参数来获得高质量的AA2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊工艺窗口铝合金最低硬度分布拉伸强度