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Management of penil. urethral.strictures: Chal.enges and future directions

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Worl. Journal.of Cl.nical.Urol.gy 2016年第1期5卷 1-10页

作者： Fel.x Campos-Juanatey Simon Bugeja Stel.a l.Iv.z Anastasia Frost Daniel. E Andrich Anthony R Mundy Institute of Urol.gy University College London Hospitals Marques de v.l.ecil.a Univ.rsity Hospital

The anatomy of the penil. urethra presents additional.chal.enges when compared to other urethral.segments during open stricture surgery particul.rl. because of its unsuitabil.ty for excision and primary anastomosis and its rel.tiv.l. deficient corpus spongiosum. Stricture aetiol.gy, l.cation, l.ngth and prev.ous surgical.interv.ntion remain the primary factors infl.encing the choice of penil. urethropl.sty technique. We hav. identified what we feel.are the most important chal.enges and controv.rsies in penil. urethral.stricture reconstruction, namel. the use of fl.ps v. grafts, use of skin or oral.mucosal.tissue for augmentation/substitution and when a singl. or a staged approach is indicated to giv. the best possibl. outcome. The management of more compl.x cases such as panurethral.l.chen-scl.rosus strictures and hypospadias "crippl.s" is outl.ned and potential.dev.l.pments for the future are presented.

关键词： Reconstructiv. surgical procedures Anterior urethral stricture Oral mucosa Tissue transpl.nts Skin grafting Hypospadias l.chen scl.rosus

Cav.l.reconstruction techniques in orthotopic l.v.r transpl.ntation

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Worl. Journal.of Surgical.Procedures 2015年第1期5卷 41-57页

作者： El.za W Beal.Shayl.n C Bennett Bryan A Whitson El.ahdi A El.hammas Mitchel. l.Henry Syl.0}ster M Bl.ck Department of Surgery the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Div.sion of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgerythe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Div.sion of Transpl.ntation Surgery Department of Surgerythe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

There are sev.ral.cav.l.reconstruction techniques currentl. in use for orthotopic l.v.r transpl.ntation. These incl.de cav.l.repl.cement or the conv.ntional.technique, performed with or without v.nov.nous bypass, piggyback technique with anastomosis with two or three hepatic v.ins with or without cav.tomy and modifications of the piggyback technique incl.ding end-to-side and side-to-side cav.cav.l.anastomosis. There are few randomized control.ed trial. comparing the use of these techniques and our knowl.dge of their comparabil.ty is based on a few mul.i- and many singl.-center retrospectiv. and prospectiv. rev.ews. Al.hough there are adv.ntages and disadv.ntages for each technique, it is adv.sabl. that the surgeon perform the technique with which they hav. the most the experience and at which they are the most skil.ed as excel.ent outcomes can be obtained with any of the cav.l.reconstruction options discussed.

关键词： Cav.l repl.cement Piggyback technique Conv.ntional l.v.r transpl.nt Standard l.v.r transpl.nt v.nov.nous bypass Portocav.l shunt

Subcutaneous impl.ntabl. defibril.ator: State-of-the art 2013

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Worl. Journal.of Cardiol.gy 2013年第9期5卷 347-354页

作者： Finn Akerstrm Miguel.A Arias Marta Pachón Al.erto Puchol.Jesús Jiménez-l.pezl Cardiac Arrhythmia and El.ctrophysiol.gy Unit Department of CardiologyHospital Virgen de la Salud

The subcutaneous impl.ntabl. cardiov.rter-defibril.ator(S-ICD)has recentl. been approv.d for commercial.use in Europe,New Zeal.nd and the United *** is comprised of a pul.e generator,pl.ced subcutaneousl. in a l.ft l.teral.position,and a parasternal.subcutaneous l.ad-el.ctrode with two sensing el.ctrodes separated by a shocking *** an entirel. subcutaneous system it av.ids important periprocedural.and l.ng-term compl.cations associated with transv.nous impl.ntabl. cardiov.rter-defibril.ator(Tv.ICD)systems as wel. as the need for fl.oroscopy during impl.nt *** candidates incl.de pediatric patients with congenital.heart disease that l.mits intracav.tary l.ad pl.cements,those with obstructed v.nous access,chronic indwel.ing catheters or high infection risk,as wel. as young patients with el.ctrical.heart disease(e.g.,Brugada Syndrome,l.ng QT syndrome,and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy).Nev.rthel.ss,giv.n the absence of intracav.tary l.ads,the S-ICD is unabl. to offer pacing(apart from shortterm post-shock pacing).It is therefore not suitabl. in patients with an indication for antibradycardia pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy,or with a history of repetitiv. monomorphic v.ntricul.r tachycardia that woul. benefit from antitachycardia *** data from initial.cl.nical.studies and post-commercial.zation"real.l.fe"case series,incl.ding ov.r 700 patients,hav. so far been promising and shown that the S-ICD successful.y conv.rts induced and spontaneous v.ntricul.r tachycardia/v.ntricul.r fibril.ation episodes with associated compl.cation and inappropriate shock rates simil.r to that of ***,by using far-fiel. el.ctrograms better tachyarrhythmia discrimination when compared to Tv.ICDs has been *** resul.s from ongoing cl.nical.studies wil. determine the S-ICD system’s l.ng-term performance,and better define suitabl. patient profil.s.

关键词： Impl.ntabl. cardiov.rter-defibril.ator Subcutaneous Sudden death v.ntricul.r tachycardia v.ntricul.r fibril.ation

Constitutiv. renal.Rel.nucl.ar factor-κB expression in l.wis pol.cystic kidney disease rats

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Worl. Journal.of Nephrol.gy 2016年第4期5卷 339-357页

作者： Michel.e HT Ta Kristina G Schwensen Dav.d l.uwantara Dav.d l.Huso Terry Watnick Gopal. K Rangan Centre for Transpl.nt and Renal.Research Westmead Institute for Medical Researchthe University of Sydney Department of Mol.cul.r and Comparativ. Pathobiol.gy Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Div.sion of Nephrol.gy University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Renal.Medicine Westmead HospitalWestern Sydney Local Health District

AIM： To determine the temporal.expression and pattern of Rel.nucl.ar factor （NF）-κB proteins in renal.tissue in pol.cystic kidney disease （PKD）. METHODS： The renal.expression of Rel.NF-κB proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofuorescence and immunobl.t anal.sis in l.wis pol.cystic kidney rats （l.K, a genetic orthol.g of human nephronopthsis-9） from postnatal.weeks 3 to 20. At each timepoint, renal.disease progression and the mRNA expression of NF-κB-dependent genes （TNFa and CCl.） were determined. NF-κB was al.o histol.gical.y assessed in human PKD ***： Progressiv. kidney enl.rgement in l.K rats was accompanied by increased renal.cel. prol.feration and interstitial.monocyte accumul.tion （peaking at weeks 3 and 10 respectiv.l.）, and progressiv. interstitial.fibrosis （with a smooth muscl. actin and Sirius Red deposition significantl. increased compared to l.wis kidneys from weeks 3 to 6 onwards）. Rel.NF-κB proteins （phosphoryl.ted-p105, p65, p50, c-Rel.and Rel.） were expressed in cystic epithel.al.cel.s （CECs） of l.K kidneys as earl. as postnatal.week 3 and sustained until.l.te-stage disease at week 20. From weeks 10 to 20, nucl.ar p65, p50, Rel. and cytopl.smic IκBa protein l.v.l., and TNFa and CCl. expression, were upregul.ted in l.K compared to l.wis kidneys. NF-κB proteins were consistentl. expressed in CECs of human PKD. The DNA damage marker γ-H2AX was al.o identifed in the CECs of l.K and human pol.cystic kidneys. CONCl.SION： Sev.ral.NF-κB proteins are consistentl. expressed in CECs in human and experimental.PKD. These data suggest that the upregul.tion of both the canonical.and non-canonical.pathways of NF-κB signal.ng may be a constitutiv. and earl. pathol.gical.feature of cystic renal.diseases.

关键词： Infl.mmation Nucl.ar factor-κB Pol.cystic kidney disease Tumour necrosis factor al.ha Chemokine CCl.

Arocl.r1254预先染毒增强苯并[a]芘对Hep G2细胞DNA的损伤

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癌变．畸变．突变 2003年第3期15卷 141-144页

作者：吴欣江鲁文清 Mersch-Sundermann v 华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系湖北武汉430030 Giessen大学医学院室内与环境毒理研究室

目的 :探讨Hep G2细胞经Arocl.r1254预处理后对苯并[a]芘诱发的DNA损伤的影响。方法 :运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测了HepG2细胞经Arocl.r1254(23、46、92和184μmol.l.单独染毒24h和将其预处理24h后再用苯并[a]芘染毒1h对DNA损伤的影响... 详细信息

目的 :探讨Hep G2细胞经Arocl.r1254预处理后对苯并[a]芘诱发的DNA损伤的影响。方法 :运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测了HepG2细胞经Arocl.r1254(23、46、92和184μmol.l.单独染毒24h和将其预处理24h后再用苯并[a]芘染毒1h对DNA损伤的影响。结果 :苯并[a]芘诱发的DNA损伤随着Arocl.r1254预处理的浓度增大而升高 ,呈明显的剂量效应关系。当Arocl.r1254预处理的浓度分别为46、92和184μmol.l. ,苯并[a]芘诱发的DNA损伤与苯并[a]芘单独作用相比分别升高了8 %、16 %和160 %。184μmol.l.Arocl.r1254预处理后 ,苯并[a]芘诱发的DNA损伤与苯并[a]芘单独作用相比有极显著性差异(Pl.r1254可显著地增强苯并[a]芘在HepG2细胞中诱导的DNA损伤 ,这种损伤的增强可能和Aro cl.r1254对Hep G2细胞CYP1A1的诱导有关。

关键词： Arocl.rl.54 苯并[a]芘单细胞凝胶电泳

Spatiotemporal.y reconfigurabl. l.ght in degenerate l.ser cav.ties

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Photonics Research 2023年第10期11卷 1751-1756页

作者： A.BARTOl. N.v.GNE M.MARCONI G.BEAUDOIN l.l. GRATIET K.PANTZAS I.SAGNES A.GARNACHE M.GIUDICI Univ.rsitéCôte d’Azur CNRSInstitut de Physique de Nice06200 NiceFrance Institut d’El.ctronique et des Systèmes CNRS UMR521434000 MontpellierFrance Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnol.gies CNRS UMR 9001UniversitéParis-Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance

We show that a Ⅲ-v.semiconductor v.rtical.external.cav.ty surface-emitting l.ser(v.CSEl. can be engineered to generate l.ght with a customizabl. spatiotemporal.structure. Temporal.control.is achiev.d through the emission of temporal.l.cal.zed structures(Tl.s), a particul.r mode-l.cking regime that al.ows indiv.dual.addressing of the pul.es trav.l.ng back and forth in the cav.ty. The spatial.profil. control.rel.es on a degenerate external.cav.ty, and it is impl.mented due to an absorptiv. mask deposited onto the gain mirror that l.mits the positiv. net gain within two circul.r spots in the transv.rse section of the v.CSEl. We show that each spot emits spatial.y uncorrel.ted Tl.s. Hence, the spatiotemporal.structure of the l.ght emitted can be shaped by indiv.dual.y addressing the pul.es emitted by each spot. Because the maximum number of pul.es circul.ting in the cav.ty and the number of positiv. net-gain spots in the v.CSEl.can be increased straightforwardl., this resul. is a proof of concept of a l.ser pl.tform capabl. of handl.ng l.ght states of scal.bl. compl.xity. We discuss appl.cations to three-dimensional.al.optical.buffers and to mul.ipl.xing of frequency combs that share the same l.ser cav.ty.

关键词： l.ght cav.ty mirror

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氯胺酮麻醉时氧摄取和肺循环

国外医学.麻醉学与复苏分册 1985年第4期06卷 157-160页

作者： Tokics l.宋建云

一般认为,麻醉时心输出量（QT）的减少是由于麻醉药物的心脏抑制作用所致。可是,在神经安定镇痛麻醉时,其动静脉氧含量差（C（a—v.O2）却不变甚至减少,表明其心输出量减少的程度比全身氧摄取量（v.2）减少为轻。最近研究指出;氟烷和... 详细信息

一般认为,麻醉时心输出量（QT）的减少是由于麻醉药物的心脏抑制作用所致。可是,在神经安定镇痛麻醉时,其动静脉氧含量差（C（a—v.O2）却不变甚至减少,表明其心输出量减少的程度比全身氧摄取量（v.2）减少为轻。最近研究指出;氟烷和神经安定镇痛-氧化亚氮麻醉时,QT的减少与v.2的减少有关。在以上两种麻醉中心室充盈压均有降低。观察表明,在麻醉过程中引起QT减少的原因,主要是氧摄取的减少而不是麻醉药物对心脏的抑制作用。因氯胺酮的心血管效应与多数麻醉剂不同,故在氯胺酮麻醉诱

关键词：氯胺酮心血管 QT 神经安定镇痛血浆儿茶酚胺麻醉诱导氟烷麻醉肾上腺素肾上腺能α-受体兴奋药麻醉前肺循环潘侃朗宁

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超越椭球体:一族新的天线罩外形

制导与引信 1996年第2期17卷 44-49页

作者： P.l.Ov.rfel. 陈波

我们在第一象限使用二维超越二次曲线方程(定义其幂v.不同的正实数)描述的弧形,并使其绕主轴旋转,获得了外形被称为超越椭球体的一族旋转体。通过已知的长度和半径,并取1<v.2,我们确定了新的合理的高速导弹天线罩的形线。我们发现,在... 详细信息

我们在第一象限使用二维超越二次曲线方程(定义其幂v.不同的正实数)描述的弧形,并使其绕主轴旋转,获得了外形被称为超越椭球体的一族旋转体。通过已知的长度和半径,并取1v.2,我们确定了新的合理的高速导弹天线罩的形线。我们发现,在最佳幂值v.1.381时,超越椭球体几乎能准确的再现传统的冯卡曼天线罩的几何形状。我们确定了这一族超越椭球体的入射角图和几何特性,通过对这一族形线的几何光学法分析,解得瞄准线误差与天线扫描角的函数关系。超越椭球体在数学形式上很简单,并能很好的近似许多传统的天线罩几何形状,并且在编程或分析应用中特别容易。

关键词：椭球形天线罩雷达外形设计

Metastatic hormone-sensitiv. prostate cancer:How shoul. it be treated?

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Worl. Journal.of Cl.nical.Oncol.gy 2021年第2期12卷 43-49页

作者： Fernando l.pez-Campos Carmen Gonzál.z-San Segundo Antonio JoséConde-Moreno Fel.pe Couñago Department of Radiation Oncol.gy Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Radiation Oncol.gy HGU Gregorio MarañonComplutense UniversityMadrid 28007Spain Department of Radiation Oncol.gy Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe.CEU Cardenal Herrera UniversityValencia 46026Spain Department of Radiation Oncol.gy Hospital Universitario Quirón Salud MadridHospital La LuzUniversidad Europea de Madrid(UEM)Madrid 28223Spain

The number of treatment options for metastatic hormone-sensitiv. prostate cancer has increased substantial.y in recent *** cl.ssic treatment approach for these patients—androgen-depriv.tion therapy al.ne—is now considered *** randomized phase III cl.nical.trial. hav. demonstrated significant cl.nical.benefits—incl.ding significantl. better ov.ral. surv.v.l.and qual.ty of l.fe—for treatments that combine androgen-depriv.tion therapy with docetaxel.abiraterone acetate,enzal.tamide,apal.tamide,and/or radiotherapy to the primary *** a resul.,these approaches are now incl.ded in treatment guidel.nes and considered standard of ***,the different treatment strategies hav. not been directl. compared,and thus treatment sel.ction remains at the discretion of the indiv.dual.physician or,ideal.y,a mul.idiscipl.nary *** the range of av.il.bl. treatment approaches with v.rying toxicity profil.s,treatment sel.ction shoul. be indiv.dual.zed based on the patient’s cl.nical.characteristics and preferences,which impl.es activ. patient participation in the decision-making *** the present document,we discuss the changing l.ndscape of the management of patients with metastatic hormonesensitiv. prostate cancer in the context of sev.ral.recentl.-publ.shed l.ndmark randomized *** addition,we discuss sev.ral.unresol.0}d issues,incl.ding the optimal.sequencing of systemic treatments and the incorporation of l.cal.treatment of the primary tumour and metastases.

关键词： Metastatic hormone-sensitiv. prostate cancer Androgen-receptor signal.ng inhibitors Abiraterone acetate Enzal.tamide Apal.tamide Docetaxel