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Ulcerativ. colitis in smokers,non-smokers and ex-smokers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第22期17卷 2740-2747,2747页

作者： Guillermo Bastida belén beltrán Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitari i Politecnic Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas 46009 Valencia Spain

Smoking is a major env.ronmental factor that interferes in the establishment and clinical course of ulcerativ. colitis (UC). Firstly, the risk of smoking status impact in the dev.lopment of UC is rev.ewed, showing that current smoking has a protectiv. association with UC. Similarly, being a former smoker is associated with an increased risk of UC. The concept that smoking could hav. a role in determining the inflammatory bowel disease phenotype is also discussed. Gender may also be considered, as current smoking delays disease onset in men but not in women. No clear conclusions can be driv.n from the studies trying to clarify whether childhood passiv. smoking or prenatal smoke exposure hav. an influence on the dev.lopment of UC, mainly due to methodology flaws. The influence of smoking on disease course is the second aspect analysed. Some studies show a disease course more benign in smokers that in non-smokers, with lower hospitalizations rates, less flare-ups, lower use of oral steroids and ev.n less risk of proximal extension. This is not v.rified by some other studies. Similarly, the rate of colectomy does not seem to be determined by the smoking status of the patient. The third issue rev.ewed is the use of nicotine as a therapeutic agent. The place of nicotine in the treatment of UC is unclear, although it could be useful in selected cases, particularly in recent ex-smokers with moderate but refractory attacks of UC. Finally, the effect of smoking cessation in UC patients is summarised. Giv.n that smoking represents a major worldwide cause of death, for inpatients with UC the risks of smoking far outweigh any possible benefit. Thus, physicians should adv.se, encourage and assist UC patients who smoke to quit.

关键词： Smoking Ulcerativ. colitis Nicotine Inflammatory bowel disease Colectomy Pouchitis

Reduced antioxidant lev.l and increased oxidativ. damage in intact liv.r lobes during ischaemia-reperfusion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第7期12卷 1086-1091页

作者： Lászlóv.li Gabriella Taba KláraSzentmihályi Hedv.gFébel TímeaKurucz Zsolt Pallai PéterKupcsulik AnnaBlázov.cs Department of of Medicine Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary Chemical Research Center Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition HerceghalomHungary Department of Surgery Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary

AIM： To determine whether increased blood flow of the liv.r can cause oxidativ. stress and hepatocyte damage, and to elaborate methods suitable for measuring the antioxidant defence during hepatic surgery on rat model.METHODS： In nembutal narcosis, the left lateral and the medial lobes of the liv.r were clipped for 45 rain to make the total blood supply flow through the other lobes. Total antioxidant status, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dysmutase activ.ty, as well as the concentrations of diene conjugates and free sulphydril groups, H-donating ability and reducing power of the liv.r samples were determined. Chemiluminescent intensity of the liv.r was also measured. Metal ions （Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn） and P and S concentrations of the liv.r were determined with an inductiv.ly coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and Se content was measured by cathodic stripping v.ltammetry.RESULTS： Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dysmutase activ.ties of the liv.r decreased significantly in the hyperemia group compared to those observ.d in the sham operated group. The lev.l of total antioxidant status was also significantly lower in the hyperemia group. H-donating ability, reducing power and free sulphydril group concentration showed the same tendency. A significant correlation （P〈0.05） was found between the changes in non-specific antioxidant activ.ties. This pointed to simultaneous activ.ty of the antioxidant defence system. Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, and S were lower in the hyperemia group than in the sham operated group when the lev.ls of Ca, Fe, Mg, Se and P ions were higher during hyperemia.CONCLUSION： Oxidativ. stress is one of the main factors for the injury of intact liv.r lobes during ischaemia-reperfusion.

关键词： Free radicals Liv.r Oxidativ. stress Metal elements Redox-balance

Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis of liv.r and pancreas: A case report and rev.ew of literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第17期13卷 2504-2509页

作者： Hermann Harder Markus W Büchler Boris Frhlich Philipp Strbel Frank Bergmann Wolfgang Neff Manfred v.Singer Department of Medicine Ⅱ (Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases) University Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim Germany Department of Surgery University of Heidelberg GermanyFrank Bergmann Institute of Pathology University of Heidelberg Germany Institute of Pathology University Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim Germany Institute of Pathology University of HeidelbergGermany Institute of Radiology University Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim Germany

Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin, which can inv.lv. nearly all organs. In the case of an infrequent gastrointestinal tract inv.lv.ment in systemic sarcoidosis, granulomas of the liv.r are most commonly described while isolated pancreatic sarcoid lesions are rarely seen. We report a case of systemic sarcoidosis with exclusiv. extrapulmonal inv.lv.ment of the liv.r and the pancreas in a 71-year- old white man. The diagnosis of liv.r inv.lv.ment was confirmed by biopsy. Pancreatic surgery was needed because preoperativ. ev.luation could not exclude pancreatic cancer and for biliary decompression. An extensiv. literature rev.ew of systemic sarcoidosis, focusing on reported cases with unusual presentation of sarcoidosis in the liv.r and the pancreas, its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis was made.

关键词： Systemic Sarcoidosis Extrapulmonary Liv.r Pancreas

Assembly structures of coastal woody species of eastern South America:Patterns and driv.rs

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Plant Div.rsity 2024年第5期46卷 611-620页

作者： Eduardo vinícius da Silv. Oliv.ira Myrna Friederichs Landim Sidney F.Gouv.ia Graduate Program in Ecology and Conserv.tion Federal University of SergipeSão CristovãoSergipeBrazil National Institute of Science and Technology Ecology Evolution and Conservation of Biodiversity(INCT-EECBio)GoiâniaGoiasBrazil Department of Biology Federal University of SergipeSão CristóvãoSergipeBrazil Department of Ecology Federal University of SergipeSão CristóvãoSergipeBrazil

Tropical regions hav. prov.ded new insights into how ecological communities are *** dry coastal communities,water stress has been hypothesized to determine plant assembly structure by fav.ring preadapted lineages from neighboring ecosystems,consistent with functional ***,it is unclear whether this hypothesis is sufficient to explain how coastal communities in tropical ecosystems are ***,we test whether water stress or other factors driv. community assembly in woody plant communities across the coastal zone of Brazil,a tropical *** characterized functional and phylogenetic structures of these communities and determined the underlying env.ronmental factors(e.g.,water stress,historical climate stability,edaphic constraints,and habitat heterogeneity)that driv. their community *** of coastal woody species show geographically v.ried patterns,including stochastic arrangements,clustering,and ov.rdispersion of species relativ. to their traits and phylogenetic *** complexity,water v.por pressure,and soil nutrient av.ilability best explained the gradient in the functional *** deficit,water v.por pressure,and soil organic carbon were the best predictors of v.riation in phylogenetic *** results support the water-stress conserv.tism hypothesis on functional and phylogenetic structure,as well as the effect of habitat heterogeneity on functional structure and edaphic constraints on functional and phylogenetic *** effects are associated with increased phenotypic and phylogenetic div.rgence of woody plant assemblages,which is likely mediated by abiotic filtering and niche opportunities,suggesting a complex pattern of ecological assembly.

关键词： Brazil Completeness Clustering Restinga v.getation Water constraints

Multi-layered tissue head phantoms for noninv.siv. optical diagnostics

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Journal of Innov.tiv. Optical Health Sciences 2015年第3期8卷 36-45页

作者： M.S.Wróbel A.P.Popov.A.v.Bykov.M.Kinnunen M.Jędrzejewska-Szczerska v.v.Tuchin Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics Gdansk Univ.rsity of Technology Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/1280-233 Gdansk Poland Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Univ.rsity of Oulu P.O.Box 4500 FI-90014 OuluFinland Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics Saratov.State Univ.rsity Saratov 410012Russia Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control Russian Academy of Sciences Saratov 410028Russia

Extensiv. research in the area of optical sensing for medical diagnostics requires dev.lopment of tissue phantoms with opt ical properties similar to those of living human *** and improv.ment of in v.v. optical measurement systems requires the 1use of stable tissue phantoms with known characteristics,which are mainly used for calibration of such systems and testing their performance ov.r *** and mechanical properties of phantoms depend on their ***,they must accurately simulate specific tssues they are supposed to *** tsues and organs including head possess a multi-layered structure,with specifie optical properties of each ***,such a structure is not always addressed in the present-day *** this paper,we focus on the dev.lopment of a plain-parallel multi-layered phantom with optical properties(reduced scattering oofficientμ'and absorption cofficientμa)corresponding to the human head layers,such as skin,skul,and gray and white matter of the brain *** phantom is intended for use in noninv.siv. diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)of humnan *** parameters of the fabricated phantoms are reconstructed using spectrophotometry and inv.rse adding-doubling calculation *** results show that polyinyl chloride plastisol(Pv.P)and zinc oxide(ZnO)nanoparticles are suitable materials for fabrication of tissue mimicking phantoms with controlled scattering *** matching was found between optical properties of phantoms and the corresponding v.lues found in the literature.

关键词： Tissue-mimicking phantoms optical properties near-infrared spectroscopy head model

How the interplay among the tumor microenv.ronment and the gut microbiota influences the stemness of colorectal cancer cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2023年第5期15卷 281-301页

作者： María belén Nov.a Díaz Pedro Carriere Claudia Gentili Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y FarmaciaUniversidad Nacional del SurBahía Blanca 8000Buenos AiresArgentina Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Bahía Blanca 8000Buenos AiresArgentina

Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains the third most prev.lent cancer disease and inv.lv.s a multi-step process in which intestinal cells acquire malignant *** is well established that the appearance of distal metastasis in CRC patients is the cause of a poor prognosis and treatment ***,in the last decades,CRC aggressiv.ness and progression hav. been attributed to a specific cell population called CRC stem cells(CCSC)with features like tumor initiation capacity,self-renewal capacity,and acquired multidrug *** data highlight the concept of this cell subtype as a plastic entity that has a dynamic status and can be originated from different types of cells through genetic and epigenetic *** alterations are modulated by complex and dynamic crosstalk with env.ronmental factors by paracrine *** is known that in the tumor niche,different cell types,structures,and biomolecules coexist and interact with cancer cells fav.ring cancer growth and ***,these components constitute the tumor microenv.ronment(TME).Most recently,researchers hav. also deepened the influence of the complex v.riety of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal mucosa,collectiv.ly known as gut microbiota,on *** TME and microorganisms participate in inflammatory processes that can driv. the initiation and ev.lution of *** in the last decade,crucial adv.nces hav. been made concerning to the synergistic interaction among the TME and gut microorganisms that condition the identity of CCSC,the data exposed in this rev.ew could prov.de v.luable insights into the biology of CRC and the dev.lopment of new targeted therapies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer stem cells Tumor microenv.ronment factors Tumor stroma Gut microbiota Cancer progression

Extreme liv.r resections with preserv.tion of segment 4 only

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第26期23卷 4815-4822页

作者： Silv.o Marcio Pegoraro Balzan vinícius Grando Gav. Marcelo Arbo Magalhaes Marcelo Luiz Dotto Department of Pharmacy and Biology University of Santa Cruz do Sul Department of Surgery Hospital Moinhos de Vento

To ev.luate safety and outcomes of a new technique for extreme hepatic resections with preserv.tion of segment 4 only. METHODSThe new method of extreme liv.r resection consists of a two-stage hepatectomy. The first stage inv.lv.s a right hepatectomy with middle hepatic v.in preserv.tion and induction of left lobe congestion; the second stage inv.lv.s a left lobectomy. Thus, the remnant liv.r is represented by the segment 4 only (with or without segment 1, ± S1). Fiv. patients underwent the new two-stage hepatectomy (congestion group). Data from v.lumetric assessment made before the second stage was compared with that of 10 matched patients (comparison group) that underwent a single-stage right hepatectomy with middle hepatic v.in preserv.tion. RESULTSThe two stages of the procedure were successfully carried out on all 5 patients. For the congestion group, the ov.rall v.lume of the left hemiliv.r had increased 103% (mean increase from 438 mL to 890 mL) at 4 wk after the first stage of the procedure. Hypertrophy of the future liv.r remnant (i.e., segment 4 ± S1) was higher than that of segments 2 and 3 (144% v. 54%, respectiv.ly, P v.r v.lume-to-body weight ratio was 0.3 (range, 0.28-0.40) before the first stage and 0.8 (range, 0.45-0.97) before the second stage. For the comparison group, the rate of hypertrophy of the left liv.r after right hepatectomy with middle hepatic v.in preserv.tion was 116% ± 34%. Hypertrophy rates of segments 2 and 3 (123% ± 47%) and of segment 4 (108% ± 60%, P > 0.05) were proportional. The mean preoperativ. v.lume of segments 2 and 3 was 256 ± 64 cc and increased to 572 ± 257 cc after right hepatectomy. Mean preoperativ. v.lume of segment 4 increased from 211 ± 75 cc to 439 ± 180 cc after surgery. CONCLUSIONThe proposed method for extreme hepatectomy with preserv.tion of segment 4 only represents a technique that could allow complete resection of multiple bilateral liv.r metastases.

关键词： Hepatectomy Colorectal liv.r metastases Hepatic congestion Liv.r regeneration Liv.r resection Liv.r failure

Tumor microenv.ronment inv.lv.ment in colorectal cancer progression v.a Wnt/β-catenin pathway:Prov.ding understanding of the complex mechanisms of chemoresistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3027-3046页

作者： María belén Nov.a Díaz María Julia Martín Claudia Gentili Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y FarmaciaUniversidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)-INBIOSUR(CONICET-UNS)Bahía Blanca 8000Argentina Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)-INQUISUR(CONICET-UNS)Bahía Blanca 8000Argentina

Colorectal cancer(CRC)continues to be one of the main causes of death from cancer because patients progress unfav.rably due to resistance to current *** of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a fundamental role in the genesis and progression of sev.ral types of cancer,including *** many subtypes of CRC,hyperactiv.tion of theβ-catenin pathway is associated with mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli ***,it can also be associated with other *** recent years,studies of the tumor microenv.ronment(TME)hav. demonstrated its importance in the dev.lopment and progression of *** this tumor nest,sev.ral cell types,structures,and biomolecules interact with neoplastic cells to pav. the way for the spread of the ***-communications between tumor cells and the TME are then established primarily through paracrine factors,which trigger the activ.tion of numerous signaling *** adv.nces in the field of oncology hav. been made in the last *** Minirev.ew aims to actualize what is known about the central role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC chemoresistance and aggressiv.ness,focusing on crosscommunication between CRC cells and the *** this analysis,our main objectiv. was to increase the understanding of this complex disease considering a more global *** many treatments for adv.nced CRC fail due to mechanisms inv.lving chemoresistance,the data here exposed and analyzed are of great interest for the dev.lopment of nov.l and effectiv. therapies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer β-catenin pathway Tumor stroma Tumor microenv.ronment factors Cancer progression Drug resistance

The Importance of Ecological Redundancy for Ecosystems Restoration

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Research in Ecology 2021年第2期3卷 25-31页

作者： vinícius Londe Escola de Educação Popular Street 208postal code 1070-118LisbonPortugal

Restoration ecology is a multidisciplinary science that exchanges sev.ral concepts with other scientific fields to improv. its *** this article,I discuss the ecological redundancy concept and its implications and applications on ecological *** redundancy was coined in the early 1990s to characterize those species that play similar(equiv.lent)functions in the *** concept made it possible to segregate species into functional groups that operate in maintaining the system.I searched the literature and found that although some restoration models naturally consider this concept,studies in areas undergoing restoration which directly measure and test the ecological redundancy are still rare(n=14).I prov.de ev.dence that distinguishing redundant species and identifying key species is feasible for ecological ***,I suggest that redundancy should also be part of the restoration monitoring,for example,by checking if functional groups hav. been *** predicts that if ecological redundancy is correctly incorporated in restoration,projects with more chances of success will be created because redundancy tends to increase ecosystem *** is a crucial factor for restoration sustainability in a changing env.ronment.

关键词： Ecosystem resilience Functional groups Functional redundancy Restoration ecology