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Photorespi.ati.n and i.s Role i. the Regulati.n of Photosynthesi. and Plant Producti.0}ty

Ameri.an Journal of Plant Sci.nces 2019年第12期10卷 2179-2202页

作者： v. i. chikov G. A. Akhtyamov. Kazan i.sti.ute of Bi.chemi.try and Bi.physi.s Russion Academy of Sciences Kazan Russia

The results of long-term studi.s of photorespi.ati.n are summari.ed and the unsuccessful attempts to i.crease producti.0}ty by suppressi.g thi. process are shown. i. has been shown that photorespi.ati.n and glycolate metaboli.m are i.v.lv.d i. the regulati.n of the relati.nshi. between li.ht processes i. chloroplasts and the dark reacti.ns of carbon di.xi.e assi.i.ati.n. The studi.s were conducted on plants i. v.v. and were associ.ted wi.h the acti.0}ty of the apoplasti. i.v.rtase enzyme, affecti.g assi.i.ate transport. i. v.olati.n of donor-acceptor relati.ns between photosyntheti. and plant-assi.i.ati.g organs (remov.l of part of organs-consumers of assi.i.ates or leav.s, i.crease i. ni.rate nutri.i.n), the ki.eti.s of i.clusi.n of 14C i. glycolate was changed. Thi. i. due to the strengtheni.g of the role of the transketolase mechani.m of i.s formati.n. The study of geneti.ally transformed plants, i. whi.h ei.her an addi.i.nal apoplasti. i.v.rtase gene was i.troduced, or the exi.ti.g gene was blocked and di. not act, showed a di.ferent change i. the rati. of 14C-labeled sucrose/hexose and the transpi.ati.n response to reduced li.ht. i. thi. connecti.n, the concept of the mechani.m of photorespi.ati.n i.teracti.n wi.h apoplasti. i.v.rtase and stomatal apparatus of the leaf i. proposed when the rati. of li.ht and dark reacti.ns of photosynthesi. or assi.i.ate transport i. changed. The essence of the concept i. that when the rati. of li.ht and dark processes i. di.turbed, the concentrati.n of organi. aci.s changes fi.st i. mesophi.i. cells (mai.ly by photorespi.ati.n), and then i. the extracellular space. i. changes the acti.0}ty of apoplasti. i.v.rtase, whi.h hydrolyzes sucrose and prev.nts i. from bei.g exported from the leaf. Hydrolysi. of sucrose i.creases the osmoti.i.y of the aquati. env.ronment of the apoplast, whi.h i.creases wi.h mov.ment to the stomata. The changed osmoti.i.y of the env.ronment around the stomatal guard cells changes the resi.tance of CO2 di.f

关键词： Assi.i.ate Transport Apoplast Stomata i.v.rtase Chloroplast

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Ecologi.al Si.ni.i.ance of the i.teracti.n of Photosynthesi. Li.ht and Dark Processes

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Ameri.an Journal of Plant Sci.nces 2021年第4期12卷 624-634页

作者： v. i. chikov G. A. Akhtyamov. L. A. Khami.ulli.a Kazan i.sti.ute of Bi.chemi.try and Bi.physi.s FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Kazan Russia

The ki.eti.s of 14C i.corporati.n i.to glycolate was studi.d after changi.g the export of photosyntheti. products from the leaf. i. has been shown that the ri.ulose-bi.phosphate-oxygenase pathway of glycolate formati.... 详细信息

The ki.eti.s of 14C incorporation into glycolate was studied after changing the export of photosynthetic products from the leaf. It has been shown that the ribulose-bisphosphate-oxygenase pathway of glycolate formation works in the stationary state of the plant. An excess of photosyntates or a decrease in the amount of light primary products, as well as nitrates in the leaves, immediately turns on the transketolase pathway of glycolate formation. In this case, part of the oxygen formed in the photochemical reactions of chloroplasts ceases to be released from the leaf. After oxygen receives an electron from ferredoxin in the electron transport chain of chloroplasts, it starts (through photorespiration) the formation of non-carbohydrate photosyntates and metabolic processes in the cytoplasm. It was concluded that the main function of photorespiration in the regulation of photosynthesis is maintaining a balancev.rdana;"> between li.ht and dark processes of photosynthesi. on change of li.8}ng condi.i.ns.

关键词： Assi.i.ate Transport Apoplast Stomata i.v.rtase Chloroplast

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Ecologi.al Si.ni.i.ance of the i.teracti.n of Photosynthesi. Li.ht and Dark Processes

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Ameri.an Journal of Plant Sci.nces（美国植物学期刊） 2021年第4期

作者： v. i. chikov G. A. Akhtyamov. L. A. Khami.ulli.a

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Post-Late Paleozoi. Colli.i.nal Framework of Southern Great Altai

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Acta Geologi.a Si.i.a(Engli.h Edi.i.n) 2012年第5期86卷 1093-1104页

作者： Bori. M. chikov Sergei.v. Zi.Ov.Ev.Еugene v. DEYEv i.sti.ute of Geology Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090 Russia

We outli.e the post-Late Paleozoi. （latest Permi.n to Cenozoi.） colli.i.nal framework of the southern Great Altai.（Central Asi.） produced by the conv.rgence between the Tuv.-Mongoli. and Junggar conti.ental terranes （mi.roplates）. The colli.i.nal structures i. the regi.n classi.i.d on the basi. of thei. geometry and deformati.n style, dynami. metamorphi.m, and composi.i.ns of tectoni.es are of three mai. types：（1） mosai. terranes made up of large weakly deformed Paleozoi. blocks separated by younger shear zones; （2） contracti.nal deformati.n systems i.v.lv.ng structures formed i. post-Late Paleozoi. ti.e, parallel faults ori.nted along colli.i.nal deformati.n systems, and reli.t lenses of Paleozoi. orogeni. complexes; and （3） i.olated zones of dynami. metamorphi.m composed mostly of colli.i.nal tectoni.es di.ferent i. composi.i.n and alterati.n grade.

关键词： conti.ental colli.i.n post-Late Paleozoi. ev.nts tectoni. framework dynami. metamorphi.m Altai Central Asi.

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DYNAMOMETAMORPHi. COMPLEXES AND STRUCTURAL ZONi.G OF i.TYSH SHEAR ZONE

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Geotectoni.a et Metallogeni. 1996年第Z1期20卷 124-125页

作者： Zi.ov.ev.S.v. chikov B.M. Li.hi.hun i.sti.ute of GeologySB of RASRussiaInstituteof GeologySB of RASRussiaChangshaInstitute of GeotectonicsCASChangsha410013HunanChina

i.tysh shear zone i. a stretched, but relati.0}ly narrow nearfault tectoni. zone, whi.h i.characteri.ed by the followi.g features: a) general sturcture ani.otropy (310-320o) wi.h pre-domi.ance of symmetri.al relati.nshi.s of planar and li.ear types; b) predomi.ant dev.lop-ment of bended blastomyolni.e, blastocataclasi.e and metamelange fomati.ns; c)regi.nal,but non-uni.orm foli.ti.n of ri.ks and general mani.estati.n of structures of the sheari.gflow; d) separati.n of numerous lenses of mi.gmati.e-li.e and pegmatoi. formati.ns, smalli.trusi.ns of leucocrati. grani.es, grani.e-porphyres and grani.e-apli.es and di.e-li.e bodi.sof gabbro-dyabaes and ultrabasi. rlcks, rarely.

关键词：幻山

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STRESS METAMORPHi.M AND i.OTOPi. AGE OF SHEAR ZONE GRANi.Oi. TECTONi.ES OF i.TYSH SHEAR ZONE (ALTAi.REGi.N)

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Geotectoni.a et Metallogeni. 2002年第1期26卷 36-51页

作者： B.M. chikov, v.A. Ponomachuk, S.v. Zi.ov.ev. B.N. Lapi., A.T. Ti.ov. A.v. Trav.n and S.v. Palessky(The Uni.ed i.sti.ute of Geology, Geophysi.s and Mi.eralogy, Si.eri.n Branch of the Russi.n Academy of Sci.nces, Nov.si.i.sk) The Uni.ed i.sti.ute of Geology Geophysics and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk

The i.tysh shear zone (i.Z) of Altai.regi.n i. the li.eament structure of the colli.i.n suture type, where grani.es of Kalba complex and granodi.ri.es of Zmei.ogorsk complex are exposed to regi.nal gnei.s formati.n and stress metamorphi. alterati.ns. Thi. study i. based on detai.ed structural observ.ti.ns at speci.l grounds usi.g opti.al and electron mi.roscopy, and on the behav.or analysi. of i.otopi. systems from altered *** the i.Z area we hav. establi.hed the conti.uous rows of grani.oi. stress metamorphi.m from i.i.i.l recrystalli.ati.n of protoli.e, i.s cataclasi. and mechani.al flari.g up to complete recrystalli.ati.n wi.h alterati.n of mi.eral composi.i.n and formati.n of the streaky complexes of grani.e tectoni.es of blastomyloni.e and blastocataclasi.e types. The di.ected alterati.n of rocks has sev.ral i.pulse and i. expressed by a change i. morphology of mi.eral grai.s and thei. relati.ns, magni.i.ati.n of deformati.n component i. the rock structure, and formati.n of new mi.eral phases on the basi. of i.i.i.l ones wi.hout surface flui.i.ati.n. At transformati.n of i.otopi. systems from grani.oi., thei. feldspars, bi.ti.e and hornblende, we can observ. “rejuv.nati.n” of the rock substrate from 270-290 Ma for Kalba grani.oi.s to 220-235 Ma for thei. tectoni.es, and for Rudny Altai.granodi.ri.es, thei. ages changes from 285-317 Ma to 232-257 Ma for thei. tectoni.es.

关键词： Stress-metamorphi.m grani.e tectoni.es i.tysh shear zone Altai regi.n

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