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Focus on the gut-brain axis: multiple sclerosis, the intestinal barrier and the microbiome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第37期24卷 4217-4223页

作者： Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy Luanne M Metz v wee yong Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary

The brain-gut axis serves as the bidirectional connection between the gut microbiome, the intestinal barrier and the immune system that might be relevant for the pathophysiology of inflammatory demyelinating diseases. People with multiple sclerosis have been shown to have an altered microbiome, increased intestinal permeability and changes in bile acid metabolism. Experimental evidence suggests that these changes can lead to profound alterations of peripheral and central nervous system immune regulation. Besides being of pathophysiological interest, the brain-gut axis could also open new avenues of therapeutic targets. Modification of the microbiome, the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with bile acids and intestinal barrier enhancers are all promising candidates. Hopefully, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials will soon yield significant results.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis Microbiome Intestinal barrier Bile acids Gut-brain axis

The benefits of neuroinflammation for the repair of the injured central nervous system

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第6期16卷 540-546页

作者： Heather Y.F.yong Khalil S.Rawji Samira Ghorbani Mengzhou Xue v.wee yong University of Calgary CalgaryCanada The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University ZhengzhouChina

Inflammation of the nervous system(neuroinflammation)is now recognized as a hallmark of virtually all neurological *** neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis,there is prominent infiltration and a long-lasting representation of various leukocyte subsets in the central nervous system(CNS)*** in classic neurodegenerative disorders,where such immense inflammatory infiltrates are absent,there is still evidence of activated CNS-intrinsic *** consequences of excessive and uncontrolled neuroinflammation are injury and death to neural elements,which manifest as a heterogeneous set of neurological ***,it is now readily acknowledged,due to instructive studies from the peripheral nervous system and a large body of CNS literature,that aspects of the neuroinflammatory response can be beneficial for CNS *** recognized benefits of inflammation to the CNS include the preservation of CNS constituents(neuroprotection),the proliferation and maturation of various neural precursor populations,axonal regeneration,and the reformation of myelin on denuded ***,we highlight the benefits of neuroinflammation in fostering CNS recovery after neural injury using examples from multiple sclerosis,traumatic spinal cord injury,stroke,and Alzheimer’s *** focus on CNS regenerative responses,such as neurogenesis,axonal regeneration,and remyelination,and discuss the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation is pro-regenerative for the ***,we highlight treatment strategies that harness the benefits of neuroinflammation for CNS regenerative responses.

关键词： inflammation benefits instru

Enhanced liver X receptor signalling reduces brain injury and promotes tissue regeneration following experimental intracerebral haemorrhage:roles of microglia/macrophages

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Stroke & vascular Neurology 2023年第6期8卷 486-502,I0073-I0080页

作者： Ruiyi Zhang Yifei Dong Yang Liu Dorsa Moezzi Samira Ghorbani Reza Mirzaei Brian M Lozinski Jeff F Dunn v wee yong Mengzhou Xue Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Academy of Medical Science Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Biochemistry Microbiology&ImmunologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Department of Radiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

background Inflammation-exacerbated secondary brain injury and limited tissue regeneration are barriers to favourable prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH).As a regulator of inflammation and lipid metabolism,Liver X receptor(LXR)has the potential to alter microglia/macrophage(M/M)phenotype,and assist tissue repair by promoting cholesterol efflux and recycling from *** support potential clinical translation,the benefits of enhanced LXR signalling are examined in experimental *** Collagenase-induced ICH mice were treated with the LXR agonist GW3965 or *** tests were conducted at multiple time *** and haematoma volume,and other brain parameters were assessed using multimodal MRI with T2-weighted,diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI *** fixed brain cryosections were stained and confocal microscopy was applied to detect LXR downstream genes,M/M phenotype,lipid/cholesterol-laden phagocytes,oligodendrocyte lineage cells and neural stem *** blot and real-time qPCR were also ***3CR1^(CreER):Rosa26^(iDTR) mice were employed for M/M-depletion *** GW3965 treatment reduced lesion volume and white matter injury,and promoted haematoma *** mice upregulated LXR downstream genes including ABCA1 and Apolipoprotein E,and had reduced density of M/M that apparently shifted from proinflammatory interleukin-1β+to Arginase1+CD206+regulatory *** cholesterol crystal or myelin debris-laden phagocytes were observed in GW3965 *** activation increased the number of Olig2+PDGFRα+precursors and Olig2+CC1+mature oligodendrocytes in perihaematomal regions,and elevated SOX2+or nestin+neural stem cells in lesion and subventricular *** results supported better lesion recovery by GW3965,and this was corroborated by return to pre-ICH values of functional rotarod *** therapeutic effects of GW3965 were abrogated by M/M depletion in CX3CR1^(CreER):Ros

关键词： metabolism injury depletion

Recent Advances in In-Memory Computing:Exploring Memristor and Memtransistor Arrays with 2D Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 1-30页

作者： Hangbo Zhou Sifan Li Kah-wee Ang yong-Wei Zhang Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Republic of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117583Republic of Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore 138634Republic of Singapore

The conventional computing architecture faces substantial chal-lenges,including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing *** response,in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture,enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these *** devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays,rapid response times,and ability to emulate biological *** these devices,two-dimensional(2D)material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing,thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials,such as layered structures,mechanical flexibility,and the capability to form *** review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays,encompassing critical aspects such as material selection,device perfor-mance metrics,array structures,and potential ***,it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays,along with potential *** primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing,leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.

关键词： 2D materials Memristors Memtransistors Crossbar array In-memory computing

Thermodynamic model for deoxidation of liquid steel considering strong metal-oxygen interaction in the quasichemical model framework

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 988-1002页

作者： yong-Min Cho Youn-Bae Kang Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKyungbuk37673Rep.of Korea N.EX.T Hub POSCO HoldingsPohangKyungbuk37673Rep.of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKyungbuk37673Rep.of Korea

Herein,a thermodynamic model aimed at describing deoxidation equilibria in liquid steel was *** model provides explicit forms of the activity coefficient of solutes in liquid steel,eliminating the need for the minimization of internal Gibbs energy preliminarily when solving deoxidation *** elimination of internal Gibbs energy minimization is particularly advantageous during the coupling of deoxidation equilibrium calculations with computationally intensive approaches,such as computational fluid *** model enables efficient calculations through direct embedment of the explicit forms of activity coefficient in the computing *** proposed thermodynamic model was developed using a quasichemical approach with two key approximations:random mixing of metallic elements(Fe and oxidizing metal) and strong nonrandom pairing of metal and oxygen as nearest *** these approximations,the quasichemical approach yielded the activity coefficients of solutes as explicit functions of composition and temperature without requiring the minimization of internal Gibbs energy or the coupling of separate *** model was successfully applied in the calculation of deoxidation equilibria of various elements(Al,B,C,Ca,Ce,Cr,La,Mg,Mn,Nb,Si,Ti,v,and Zr).The limitations of the model arising from these assumptions were also discussed.

关键词： deoxidation equilibria thermodynamics quasichemical approach computational fluid dynamics

Long-time Asymptotics for the Reverse Space-time Nonlocal Hirota Equation with Decaying Initial value Problem:without Solitons

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第3期40卷 708-727页

作者： Wei-qi PENG yong CHEN School of Mathematical Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China College of Mathematics and Systems Science Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

In this work,we mainly consider the Cauchy problem for the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation with the initial data rapidly decaying in the solitonless *** from the Lax pair,we first construct the basis Riemann-Hilbert problem for the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota ***,using the approach of Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent,the explicit long-time asymptotics for the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota is *** the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation,since the symmetries of its scattering matrix are different with the local Hirota equation,the v(λ_(i))(i=0,1)would like to be imaginary,which results in theδ_(λi)^(0)contains an increasing t(±Imv(λ_(i)))/2,and then the asymptotic behavior for nonlocal Hirota equation becomes differently.

关键词： Riemann-Hilbert problem reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation long-time asymptotics nonlinear steepest descent method

Extending Structures for Gel'fand-Dorfman Bialgebras

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第2期40卷 619-638页

作者： Jia Jia WEN Yan yong HONG School of Mathematics Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121P.R.China

Gel'fand-Dorfman bialgebra,which is both a Lie algebra and a Novikov algebra with some compatibility condition,appeared in the study of Hamiltonian pairs in completely integrable *** also emerged in the description of a class special Lie conformal algebras called quadratic Lie conformal *** this paper,we investigate the extending structures problem for Gel'fand-Dorfman bialgebras,which is equivalent to some extending structures problem of quadratic Lie conformal ***,given a Gel'fand-Dorfman bialgebra(A,o,[.,.]),this problem is how to describe and classify all Gel'fand-Dorfman bialgebra structures on a vector space E(A⊂E)such that(A,o,[.,.])is a subalgebra of E up to an isomorphism whose restriction on A is the identity *** by the theories of extending structures for Lie algebras and Novikov algebras,we construct an object gH2(v,A)to answer the extending structures problem by introducing the notion of a unified product for Gel'fand-Dorfman bialgebras,where v is a complement of A in *** particular,we investigate the special case when dim(v)=1 in detail.

关键词： Gel'fand-Dorfman bialgebra Lie conformal algebra Extending structures problem Novikovalgebra

Mold breakout prediction based on computer vision and machine learning

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第8期31卷 1947-1959页

作者： Yan-yu Wang Qi-can Wang yong-chang Zhang yong-hui Cheng Man Yao Xu-dong Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina

Breakout is the most serious production accident in continuous casting and must be detected and predicted by stable and reliable *** sticking region,which forms on the local copper plate and expanded into a"v"shape,is the typical precursor of ***,computer vision technology was exploited to visualize the temperature change rate of the copper plate based on the temperature signals from thermocouples;then,the static and dynamic features of the abnormal sticking region were ***,logistic regression and Adaboost models were used to study and identify these features,resulting in the development of a mold breakout prediction model based on computer vision and machine *** test results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively distinguish anomalous temperature patterns and considerably reduce false alarms without any missing *** a result,the proposed method could offer valuable insights into the realm of abnormality detection and prediction during continuous casting process.

关键词： Abnormality detection Image processing Adaboost Logistic regression Continuous casting

Enhanced preparation of dendritic metallic vanadium in recyclable NaCl-KCl-vCl_(2) molten salt by v_(2)CO electrolysis

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3961-3973页

作者： Jia-Liang An Ming-yong Wang yong-Zheng Jia Jin-Tao Zhang Bao-Yan Feng Shu-Qiang Jiao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China College of Material Science and Engineering Hebei Province Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic MaterialsNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China

A promising method for the preparation of pure metallic vanadium via v_(2)CO anode electrolysis was proposed and *** simple and controllable synthesis of a molten chloride salt containing vCl_(2) by an insitu reaction between vCl_(3) and metallic vanadium was verified through thermodynamic analysis and ***-KCl-vCl_(2) molten salt exhibited excellent recycling performance and could be repetitively used to prepare metallic vanadium by v_(2)CO *** v^(2+) ions remained in the molten salt after *** electrolysis conditions,such as the cathode diameter,current density,v^(2+) ion concentration,and temperature,were optimised to maximise the current *** was also simulated to reveal the regulatory *** highest current efficiency was 85%.The purity of metallic vanadium was up to 99.8%.In this study,an easy and efficient preparation of pure metallic vanadium was achieved.

关键词： v_(2)CO Metallic vanadium Current efficiency Molten salt electrolysis

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