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Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2776-2786页

作者： bridget Martinez Philip v.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear *** of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely *** of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA *** five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to *** microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of *** important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future *** studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder biomarker blood cells blood plasma blood serum diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class b) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed i

关键词： biomarker bipolar disorder blood leukocytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular vesicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life ***,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

Numerical analysis of Shiobara hydropower cavern using practical equivalent approach

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第2期10卷 402-410页

作者： v.b.Maji Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Three-dimensional(3 D) numerical simulation of Shiobara hydropower cavern was attempted with the developed practical equivalent approach. This simple equivalent approach integrates the effect of joints and corresponding nonlinearity in the rock and predicts its deformation behaviour. The model requires minimum inputs from field or laboratory tests and is efficient to capture the nonlinear stress-strain responses associated with the jointed rock mass. In this study, the applicability of the model was demonstrated with the 3 D analysis of Shiobara hydropower cavern. The numerical results were also compared with those of six other computational models to analyse the same cavern. The 3 D modelling of powerhouse cavern shows that the present approach, though simple, can be applied to large-scale field problems. The model can precisely predict the deformation values well, and this study confirmed the effectiveness of the approach for simulation of underground structures in jointed rocks.

关键词： Jointed rocks Equivalent model Shiobara hydropower cavern dimensions(FLAC3D)

Effect of wall temperature modulation on the heat transfer characteristics of droplet-train flow inside a rectangular microchannel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 685-697页

作者： vivekanand S.v.b.,Raju v.R.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India

The numerical studies of water–oil two-phase slug flow inside a two-dimensional vertical microchannel subjected to modulated wall temperature boundary conditions have been discussed in the present *** researchers have contributed their efforts in exploring the characteristics of Taylor flows inside microchannel under constant wall heat flux or isothermal wall ***,there is no study available in the literature which discusses the impact of modulated thermal wall boundary conditions on the heat transfer behavior of slug flows inside ***,to bridge this gap,an effort has been made to understand the heat transfer characteristics of the flow under sinusoidal wall temperature ***,a single phase flow and heat transfer study was performed in microchannels,and the results of the fully developed velocity profile and heat transfer rate were validated with benchmark analytical *** an optimal selection of the combination of sinusoidal thermal wall boundary conditions has been made for the two-phase slug flow ***,the effects of amplitude(0 bεb 0.03)and frequency(0 bωb 750πrad·s-1)of the sinusoidal wall temperature profile on the heat transfer have been studied using the optimal combination of the wall boundary *** results of the numerical study using modulated temperature conditions on channel walls showed a significant improvement in the heat transfer over liquid-only flow by approximately 50%as well as over two-phase flow without wall temperature *** non-dimensional temperature contours obtained for different cases of temperature modulation clearly explain the root cause of such improvement in the heat ***,the results based on the hydrodynamics of the flow have also been reported in terms of variation of droplet shapes and film *** influence of Capillary number on the film thickness as well as heat transfer rates has also been *** addition,the measured fil

关键词： Heat transfer Microchannel Modulation Surface tension Taylor flow

Grain Refinement in a Low Carbon Steel Through Multidirectional Forging

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第10期19卷 74-78页

作者： v Soleymani b Eghbali Department of Materials Science Engineering Sahand University of TechnologyTabriz 51335Iran

Grain refinement is one of the successful and low-cost methods to develop metals having excellent combination of strength and ductility. Low carbon steel was deformed by using multidirectional forging (MDF) technique at room temperature. The influence of strain amount and annealing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of investigated steel was studied. The grain refinement mechanism was studied by the microstructure observation. The results showed that the grain refinement was attained by multidirectional forging technique. The initial coarser grains of average 38 μm size fragmented into very fine ferrite with grain sizes of about 1.2 μm. After MDF, the strength properties improved significantly, although uniform elongation and elongation decreased with increasing strain.

关键词： multidirectional forging grain refinement annealing steel recrystallization

Motion of a permeable shell in a spherical container filled with non-Newtonian fluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第12期38卷 1697-1708页

作者： v.MISHRA b.R.GUPTA Department of Mathematics Jaypee University of Engineering and TechnologyMadhya Pradesh 473226India

This paper presents an analytical study of creeping motion of a permeable sphere in a spherical container filled with a micro-polar fluid. The drag experienced by the permeable sphere when it passes through the center of the spherical container is studied. Stream function solutions for the flow fields are obtained in terms of modified bessel functions and Gegenbauer functions. The pressure fields, the micro-rotation components, the drag experienced by a permeable sphere, the wall correction factor, and the flow rate through the permeable surface are obtained for the frictionless impermeable spherical container and the zero shear stress at the impermeable spherical container. variations of the drag force and the wall correction factor with respect to different fluid parameters are studied. It is observed that the drag force, the wall correction factor, and the flow rate are greater for the frictionless impermeable spherical container than the zero shear stress at the impermeable spherical container. Several cases of interest are deduced from the present analysis.

关键词： micro-polar fluid permeable sphere Darcy law stream function drag force wall correction factor spherical container

ALTERATIONS IN AUTOFLUORESCENCE SIGNAL FROM RAT SKIN EX vIvO UNDER OPTICAL IMMERSION CLEARING

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第3期3卷 147-152页

作者： E.v.MIGACHEvA A.b.PRAvDIN v.v.TUCHIN Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya str.410012 SaratovRussia

For the first time,the changes in autofluorescence spectra of ex vivo rat skin have been experimentally investigated using the combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and optical immersion *** glucose,glycerol and propylene glycol solutions were used as clearing *** optical clearing was performed from the dermal side of skin imitating the in vivo injection of clearing agent under the dermal *** this contribution,the common properties of autofluorescence variation during optical immersion clearing were *** tendency of autofluorescence signal to decrease with reduction of scattering in tissue was noticed and discussed in ***,the differences in the shape of spectral curves under application of different clearing agents showed that optical clearing affects the autofluorescence properties of tissue differently depending on the type of clearing *** results obtained are useful for the understanding of tissue optical clearing mechanisms and for improving techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy.

关键词： Autofluorescence spectra fluorescence spectroscopy rat skin tissue optical clearing clearing agents

Influence of TiO_2 on the electrochemical performance of pasted typeβ-nickel hydroxide electrode in alkaline electrolyte

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第1期25卷 41-48页

作者： b.Shruthi b.J.Madhu v.bheema Raju Department of Chemistry Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology Post Graduate Department of Physics Government Science College Department of Chemistry Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering

Nickel hydroxide was used as the positive electrode material in rechargeable alkaline batteries, which plays a significant role in the field of electric energy storage devices. β-nickel hydroxide（β-Ni（OH）2 ） was prepared from nickel sulphate solution using potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. Pure β-phase of nickel hydroxide was confirmed from XRD and FT-IR studies. The effects of TiO2 additive on the β-Ni（OH）2 electrode performance are examined. The structure and property of the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA and SEM analysis. A pasted–type electrode is prepared using nickel hydroxide powder as the main active material on a nickel sheet as a current collector. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were performed to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the β-Ni（OH）2 and TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrodes in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Anodic（Epa） and cathodic（Epc）peak potentials are found to decrease after the addition of TiO 2 into β-Ni（OH）2 electrode material. Further,addition of TiO2 is found to enhance the reversibility of the electrode reaction and also increase the separation of the oxidation current peak of the active material from the oxygen evolution current. Compared with pure β-Ni（OH）2 lectrode,TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode is found to exhibit higher proton diffusion coefficient（D） and lower charge transfer resistance. These findings suggest that the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode possess improved electrochemical properties and thus can be recognized as a promising candidate for the battery electrode applications.

关键词： Nickel hydroxide Electrode material Thermogravimetric analysis Electrochemical properties Impedance spectroscopy