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Horseradish Peroxidase Biosensor to Detect Zinc Ions in Aqueous Solutions

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Open Journal of Applied Biosensor 2014年第1期3卷 1-7页

作者： mambo Moyo Department of Chemical Technology Midlands State University Gweru Zimbabwe

Maize tassel-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MT-MWCNT) composite has been used as a matrix for physical adsorption of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode through electrostatic interactions. The HRP/MT-MWCNT biosensor was applied for the detection of Zn2+ in aqueous solution. The biosensor designed was able to determine Zn2+ in the range of 0.35 - 12 mg/L with a detection limit of 7.5 μg/L. The inhibition was found to be reversible and uncompetitive when data were modeled using the Dixon and Cornish-Bowden plots. The biosensor was found to have good repeatability, reproducibility and high selectivity. The developed biosensor can be used to detect other HRP inhibiting trace metal ions.

关键词： Horseradish Peroxidase Maize Tassel Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Metal Biosensor Zn2+

Bioremediation of Lead(II) from Polluted Wastewaters Employing Sulphuric Acid Treated Maize Tassel Biomass

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第12期4卷 689-695页

作者： mambo Moyo Linda Chikazaza Department of Chemical Technology Midlands State University Gweru Zimbabwe

The ability to modify a waste by-product precursor, maize tassel biomass using sulfuric acid as the activating agent with specific focus on Lead(II) ion from water has been proposed. The treating of maize tassel using sulphuric acid is believed to enhance sorption capacity of Lead(II) ions. For this, batch adsorption mode was adopted for which the effects of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration were investigated. Consequently, it was found that the adsorbent capacity depends on pH;since it increases up to 4.5 and then decreases. The highest percentage of Lead(II) ion removal was achieved in the adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g and at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L metal ion. In an attempt to determine the capacity and rate of Lead(II) removal, isotherm and kinetic data were modeled using appropriate equations. To this end, the adsorption data fitted best into the Langmuir model with an R2 (0.9997) while kinetically the Lead(II) adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, as a way to address issues related to sustainability, maize tassel is recommended since the process is considered to be a dual solution for environmental cleaning. From one side, it represents a better way to dispose the maize tassel which has no use after fertilization and on the other hand it is an economic source of carbonaceous materials.

关键词： Maize Tassel Adsorption Removal Wastewater Treatment Lead(II) Ion

Healthcare Worker-Related Factors Contributing to Tuberculosis Treatment Non-Adherence among Patients in Kisumu East Sub-County

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第1期12卷 13-33页

作者： Marlyn Ochieng Jackline Nyaberi Susan mambo Charles Wafula Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) Strengthening Capacity for Epidemics Preparedness and Response in Sub-Saharan Africa (SCEPRESSA) Nairobi Kenya Great Lakes University of Kisumu (GLUK) Kisumu Kenya

Background: Treatment non-adherence poses significant risks to health outcomes and impedes the health system’s efficiency, hence curtailing progress towards the end Tuberculosis (TB) strategy under SDG 3.3. Despite interventions to address TB treatment non-adherence, Kenya still reports high TB treatment non-adherence rates of 35% and consequently poor treatment outcome rates. Health Care Workers (HCWs) play a critical role in linking the population to health services, yet little is known of their influence on patients’ TB treatment non-adherence in Kenya. Objective: To analyze HCW-related factors associated with TB treatment non-adherence among patients in Kisumu East Sub-County. Methods: Health facility-based analytical cross-sectional mixed-method study. A Semi-structured questionnaire on treatment adherence and patients’ perceptions of HCWs during the clinic visit was administered to 102 consenting adult (out of a total census of 107 adults) drug-susceptible TB patients. 12 purposively selected HCWs by rank from 6 health facilities participated in Key Informant Interview sessions. Medication adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and then expressed as a dichotomous variable. Quantitative analysis utilized STATA version 15.1 while qualitative deductive thematic analysis was done using NvIvO version 14. Results: TB treatment non-adherence rate of 26% (CI: 18% - 36%) was recorded. Overall, patients who felt supported in dealing with the illness were 8 times more likely to adhere to treatment compared to those who were not (aOR = 7.947, 95% CI: 2.214 - 28.527, p = 0.001). Key HCW related factors influencing adherence to treatment included: friendliness (cOR = 4.31, 95% CI: 1.514 - 12.284, p = 0.006), respect (cOR = 6.679, 95% CI: 2.239 - 19.923, p = 0.001) and non-discriminatory service (cOR = 0.1478, 95% CI: 0.047 - 0.464, p = 0.001), communication [adequacy of consultation time (cOR = 6.563, 95% CI: 2.467 - 17.458, p = 0.001) and patie

关键词： Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence Human Resources for Health

K-Hyperparameter Tuning in High-Dimensional Space Clustering:Solving Smooth Elbow Challenges Using an Ensemble Based Technique of a Self-Adapting Autoencoder and Internal validation Indexes

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Journal on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第1期5卷 75-112页

作者： Rufus Gikera Jonathan Mwaura Elizaphan Muuro Shadrack mambo Department of Computer Science Riara UniversityNairobi00200Kenya Department of Computing Khoury College of Computer SciencesBoston02115USA Department of Engineering Kenyatta UniversityNairobi00200Kenya

k-means is a popular clustering algorithm because of its simplicity and scalability to handle large ***,one of its setbacks is the challenge of identifying the correct k-hyperparameter *** this value correctly is critical for building effective k-means *** use of the traditional elbow method to help identify this value has a long-standing ***,when using this method with certain datasets,smooth curves may appear,making it challenging to identify the k-value due to its unclear *** the other hand,various internal validation indexes,which are proposed as a solution to this issue,may be *** various techniques for solving smooth elbow challenges exist,k-hyperparameter tuning in high-dimensional spaces still remains intractable and an open research *** this paper,we have first reviewed the existing techniques for solving smooth elbow *** identified research gaps are then utilized in the development of the new *** new technique,referred to as the ensemble-based technique of a self-adapting autoencoder and internal validation indexes,is then validated in high-dimensional space *** optimal k-value,tuned by this technique using a voting scheme,is a trade-off between the number of clusters visualized in the autoencoder’s latent space,k-value from the ensemble internal validation index score and one that generates a value of 0 or close to 0 on the derivative f″′(k)(1+f′(k)^(2))−3 f″(k)^(2)f″((k)2f′(k),at the *** results based on the Cochran’s Q test,ANOvA,and McNemar’s score indicate a relatively good performance of the newly developed technique in k-hyperparameter tuning.

关键词： k-hyperparameter tuning high-dimensional smooth elbow

Utilization of HIv and Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention Services, and Associated Factors among the Long-Distance Truck Drivers along the Northern Corridor Highway, Kenya

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2021年第3期11卷 39-58页

作者： Cyrus Mutie Salome Kairu-Wanyoike Susan mambo Reagan Ngoge John Gachohi School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Meat Training Institute Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Fisheries and Cooperatives Nairobi Kenya Washington State University-Global Health Program Nairobi Kenya

Background: Often, long-distance truck drivers’ (LDTDs’) work predisposes them to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) whose outcomes are influenced by access and behavior of seeking sexual health care. Methodology: In this study, we assessed the utilization of HIV/STI preventive services and associated factors among 296 LDTDs operating along the northern corridor highway using an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection at Mlolongo stopover in Machakos, Kenya. Responses for the investigated variables, including condom use, history of HIV testing, frequency of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and follow-up for the HIV positive and STI treatment, were assigned a score of either 1 or 0 depending on the question’s dimension. Following summing up for each participant, we computed a weighted score ranging between 0 and 1 by dividing the summed responses by the number of eligible variables. We arbitrarily multiplied these scores by 8 to generate endpoint scores ranging from one to eight for each participant to help create a dichotomized outcome variable for utilization levels: limited utilization (1 to 4) and good utilization (5 to 8). Association between certain independent variables and the outcome variable (level of utilization of H.I.V./STIs preventive services) was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis in R statistical software. Results: The mean age of the LDTDs was 38.4 years, ranging from 24 - 57 years. The majority (n = 287, 97%) of the LDTDs had been tested on HIv at least once since the beginning of their career. Only 4.9% of the LDTDs had been tested on HIv within the previous three months. Of the 175 LDTDs who reported a history of STI, most (n = 173, 98.9%) of them had sought treatmen

关键词： Utilization Factors Sexually Transmitted Infections HIv/STI Services Long-Distance Truck Drivers Northern Corridor Highway Kenya

Prevalence of Microvascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 444-458页

作者： Rachael Ireri Gideon Kikuvi Susan mambo Betsy C. Rono Cheriro Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Clinical Medicine Kenya Medical Training College Nairobi Kenya

Microvascular complications are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). More than 50% of Nyeri County Referral Hospital (NCRH) admissions result from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and over 55% of hospital deaths are attributable to NCDs. In Kenya, Nyeri County has the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other counties. This study therefore sought to assess the prevalence of microvascular complications and the associated risk factors among patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital in Kenya. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 314 DM patients on follow-up at NCRH from August 2022 to October 2022. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses are used to determine the risk factors associated with Microvascular complications of DM. Among the 314 participants with DM, 58% were females. The overall prevalence of Microvascular complications (MvCs) is 36.62%. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was the most frequent complication (27.4%). Inadequate physical exercise was a risk factor for all MvCs. Age, marital status, and level of education were risk factors for neuropathy while smoking and alcohol intake were risk factors for nephropathy. Non-smokers were 98% less likely to have nephropathy (OR = 0.024;95% CI 0.003 - 0.145). The odds of those who exercise once weekly getting retinopathic complications reduced by 83% (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.049 - 0.398) compared to those who exercise daily. The findings highlight the implication of lifestyle factors in the development of MvCs among DM patients. Therefore, benefits of microvascular complications prevention should thus be factored into the management of patients with diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Microvascular Complications Risk Factors Retinopathy Neuropathy Nephropathy

Impacts of Environmental Management on the Quality of Traditional Well Water in the Soubre Region(South-West of Cote d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第13期9卷 1634-1644页

作者： Ohou-Yao Marie Jeanne Adelaide Ouattara Leygnima Yaya Yapo Ossey Bernard mambo veronique UFR Environment University Jean Lorougnon GuédéDaloaIvory Coast UFR Science and Environmental Management University Nangui AbrogouaAbidjanIvory Coast Central Environmental Laboratory Ivorian Central for Pollution ControlAbidjanIvory Coast

Water supply is a global problem. A study was conducted on twelve (12) traditional wells water in Daba Dagnogo and Gnipi 2 to determine their physico-chemical quality. Two sampling campaigns (dry season and rainy season), were performed on 16 physical and chemical parameters. The results show that the water is acidic with an average pH of 6.41 ± 0.4;moderately mineralized with an average conductivity of 731.14 ± 611.98 μS·cm-1;moderately saline with an average rate of 1.56 ± 1.22. The average temperature of 28.07 ± 0.86°C is above the norm for all wells. All major ions are consistent with WHO standards except calcium and potassium. 41.67% of wells exceed the standard ammonium ion whose average was 1.43 ± 2.79 mg·L-1 nitrate and 100% with an average of 492.42 ± 434.02 mg·L-1. The ion concentrations are highest in the urban area and are higher in the dry season. The quality of the water sampled wells deteriorated. Several factors affect the degradation, namely the shallow wells, their proximity to toilet, the lack of sanitation and poor management of household waste. It will carry out a campaign to educate people to protect the immediate environment of the water points, avoiding the deposit of garbage and to provide the appropriate wells lids.

关键词： Soubré Traditional Wells Physico-Chemical Quality Environmental Management

Identified Bacteria and virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of under Five Years Hospitalized Children for Clinical Meningitis at Panzi Hospital in the Eastern Part of DRC

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期13卷 676-688页

作者： Jeannière Tumusifu Manegabe Muke Kitoga mambo Mwilo Jonhatan Yoyu Birindwa Muhandule Archippe Department of Pediatric Evangelical University in Africa Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Pediatric Panzi Hospital Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Progressive Medical System Departement des Oeuvres et Recherches Medicales/ECC/Nord-Kivu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Background: Meningitis remains a leading cause of death among children below 5 years of age in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). Distinguishing children with bacterial meningitis from those with viral meningitis in the emergency department is sometimes difficult. Here we identified bacteria and virus in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of children with meningitis. Material and Methods: This is a prospective, analytical study carried out in the Pediatrics department of Panzi Hospital in the South-Kivu province of DR Congo. Between April 2021 and March 2022, 150 of 251 collected CSF from children aged from 1 to 59 months hospitalised due to clinical meningitis at Panzi referral university hospital, Bukavu, Eastern DR Congo were sent to the Lancet laboratory for bacteria identification by a multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of the most different viruses and bacterial species causing meningitis. Result: The used multiplex real-time PCR assay allowed us to identify germs in 24.7% of cases (37/150). We isolated bacteria in 25/37 (67.5%) cases, and viruses in 9/37 (24.3%) while virus and bacteria co-infection was detected in 3/37 (8.1%). The most frequently identified bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae 14/37 (37.8%) followed by Haemophilus influenzae 6/37 (16.2%). The main virus was cytomegalovirus 5/37 (3.5%). Despite the age, the most found bacterial are common in children from rural areas and unvaccinated children. Bacterial and virus co-infection were identified in 66.7% of children aged between 25 - 60 months, mainly among male children, and in all children from rural areas (100%). The overall case fatality rate was 30% and was very high among cases with co-infection CMv-Pneumococcal (66.7%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%). Conclusion: Meningitis remains frequent among children aged from one to 59 months among Bukavu Infants. We noticed that, Children with co-infection with bacteria and viruses might need higher attention when h

关键词： Children Meningitis Multiplex Real-Time PCR Meningitis Assay Bacteria virus

In Hospital Death among under Five Years Children Hospitalized with Meningitis in the Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第3期13卷 352-367页

作者： Jeannière Tumusifu Manegabe Furaha Bidhoro John Peter Mulindwa Muke Kitoga Fikiri Bavure mambo Mwilo Kanku Tudiandike Archippe Muhandule Birindwa Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Panzi Hospital Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Background: Meningitis is a major public health problem needing timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, prevention and control. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, meningitis is still considered as an important cause of mortality and morbidity, especially in the paediatric population of lower income countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). In this study, we aimed to analyse the fatality aspect of suspected meningitis among children under five years. Materials and Methods: A prospective, descriptive study was carried out in the Paediatrics departments of four hospitals in the South-Kivu province in the Eastern part of the DR Congo from April 2021 to March 2022. Of the 1386 children enrolled, 251 children were suspected of meningitis. This study captures data generated in the framework of routine medical practice, which includes medical history, clinical diagnosis and results of locally conducted laboratory tests. Results: Throughout the study period, a total of 251 patients (18.1%) aged 1 month to 59 months with suspected meningitis were recruited out of 1386 children hospitalized in the Paediatrics. The fatality among hospitalized children with suspected meningitis during the study period was 27.9%, however the mortality linked to meningitis decreases with age, ranging from 37.5% among children under 2 years to 19.4% among those over 2 years old. Children hospitalized for meningitis with malnutrition as an underlying conditions, had a 3.5 times greater risk of dying. The case fatality rate was higher in transferred and not vaccinated children respectively (2.3 and 2.5 times). We observe that the death occurs early within the first 3 days. Conclusion: Our study noted a higher fatality rate in children with suspected meningitis that could probably be linked to the gape in vaccination and malnutrition as underline condition.

关键词： Children Suspected Meningitis Cerebrospinal Fluid Mortality