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The dual role of striatal interneurons: circuit modulation and trophic support for the basal ganglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1277-1283页

作者： Elliot Wegman Marlena Wosiski-kuhn Yu Luo Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences University of Cincinnati 2. Department of Emergency Medicine at the School of Medicine University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Cincinnati

Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors, including motor activity and reward and emotional processing. Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease. This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions. In addition to direct circuit modulation, striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood. We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons, with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuronderived sonic-hedgehog.

关键词： cholinergic dopamine GABAergic interneuron levodopa-induced dyskinesia parvalbumin sonic hedgehog striatum trophic factor

An approach of the internal friction-dependent temperature changes for conventional and pure biogenic lubricating greases

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 780-795页

作者： Leif AHME Erik kuhn MiguelÁngel DELGADO Department of Mechanical Engineering and Production Management Hamburg University of Applied SciencesHamburg 20099Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Research in Product Technology and Chemical Processes(Pro2TecS)University of HuelvaHuelva 21071Spain

This work investigated the temperature changes inside the bulk of lubricating greases under controlled high-shear stress conditions(250-500 s-1).For this purpose,a newly developed temperature-measuring cell called Calidus was successfully tested.The temperature changes(ΔT)have been related to the greases'components(thickener,base oil-type,and composition)and the structural degradation of the lubricating greases.Furthermore,a theoretical approach was proposed for calculating the internal temperature change of lubricating greases during shear stress.All greases showed an internal temperature profile characterised by a sudden rise inΔT within the first 4 h from starting the test and subsequentΔT decay until it reaches the steady state value.Furthermore,it was found that greases C1 and C5,formulated with lithium and calcium soap,respectively,with different soap content(16.1 wt%and 9.7 wt%,respectively),but the same base castor oil,showed the highest value of the maximumΔT,c.a.3.2 K,and the most drastic drop ofΔT.These greases showed both the highest specific densities and heat capacities.In addition,they showed the lowest ratio of expended energies(Rtee),which means more structural degradation in the stressed grease.On the contrary,the grease C3,with 13 wt%of Li-soap but the lowest base oil's viscosity,showed the lowest maximumΔT and the temperature profile was characterised by a moderate variation ofΔT along the test.The biogenic grease B3 developed a low-temperature change in the group of pure bio-genic greases close to grease C3.

关键词： shear-induced structural degradation rheology temperature measurements lubricating greases density lubricating greases specific heat capacities

Exploring HONO formation and its role in driving secondary pollutants formation during winter in the North China Plain

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环境科学学报:英文版 2023年第10期132卷 83-97页

作者： Shaobin Zhang Guo Li Nan Ma Yao He Shaowen Zhu Xihao Pan Wenlin Dong Yanyan Zhang Qingwei Luo Jeannine Ditas uwe kuhn Yuxuan Zhang Bin Yuan Zelong Wang Peng Cheng Juan Hong Jiangchuan Tao Wanyun Xu Ye Kuang Qiaoqiao Wang Yele Sun Guangsheng Zhou Yafang Cheng Hang Su Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz 55128Germany School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric CompositionChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Gucheng Experimental Station of Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Daytime HONO photolysis is an important source of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals(OH).Knowledge of HONO formation chemistry under typical haze conditions,however,is still limited.In the Multiphase chemistry experiment in Fogs and Aerosols in the North China Plain in 2018,we investigated the wintertime HONO formation and its atmospheric implications at a rural site Gucheng.Three different episodes based on atmospheric aerosol loading levels were classified:clean periods(CPs),moderately polluted periods(MPPs)and severely polluted periods(SPPs).Correlation analysis revealed that HONO formation via heteroge.neous conversion of NO_(2)was more efficient on aerosol surfaces than on ground,highlighting the important role of aerosols in promoting HONO formation.Daytime HONO budget analysis indicated a large missing source(with an average production rate of 0.66±0.26,0.97±0.47 and 1.45±0.55 ppbV/hr for CPs,MPPs and SPPs,respectively),which strongly correlated with photo-enhanced reactions(NO_(2)heterogeneous reaction and particulate nitrate photolysis).Average OH formation derived from HONO photolysis reached up to(0.92±0.71),(1.75±1.26)and(1.82±1.47)ppbV/hr in CPs,MPPs and SPPs respectively,much higher than that from O3 photolysis(i.e.,(0.004±0.004),(0.006±0.007)and(0.0035±0.0034)ppbV/hr).Such high OH production rates could markedly regulate the atmospheric oxidation capacity and hence promote the formation of secondary aerosols and pollutants.

关键词： HONO North China Plain Budget analysis OH radicals

Improving risk reduction potential of weather index insurance by spatially downscaling gridded climate data-a machine learning approach

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Big Earth Data 2023年第4期7卷 937-960页

作者： Sarvarbek Eltazarov Ihtiyor Bobojonov Lena kuhn Thomas Glauben Department of Agricultural Markets Marketing and World Agricultural TradeLeibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies(IAMO)HalleGermany

Open-access gridded climate products have been suggested as a potential source of data for index insurance design and operation in data-limited regions.However,index insurance requires climate data with long historical records,global geographical coverage and fine spatial resolution at the same time,which is nearly impossible to satisfy,especially with open-access data.In this paper,we spatially downscaled gridded climate data(precipitation,temperature,and soil moisture)in coarse spatial resolution with globally available longterm historical records to finer spatial resolution,using satellite-based data and machine learning algorithms.We then investigated the effect of index insurance contracts based on downscaled climate data for hedging spring wheat yield.This study employed countylevel spring wheat yield data between 1982 and 2018 from 56 counties overall in Kazakhstan and Mongolia.The results showed that in the majority of cases(70%),hedging effectiveness of index insurances increases when climate data is spatially downscaled with a machine learning approach.These improvements are statistically significant(p≤0.05).Among other climate data,more improvements in hedging effectiveness were observed when the insurance design was based on downscaled temperature and precipitation data.Overall,this study highlights the reasonability and benefits of downscaling climate data for insurance design and operation.

关键词： Climate risk management risk reduction extreme weather random forest ESA parametric insurance

Performance evaluation of high/ultra-high-degree global geopotential models over Vietnam using GNSS/leveling data

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第5期14卷 500-512页

作者： Hoa Thi Pham Sten Claessens Michael kuhn Joseph Awange School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Spatial Sciences DisciplineCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Faculty of Surveying Mapping and Geographic InformationHanoi University of Natural Resources and EnvironmentHanoiViet Nam

The availability of many high-degree Global Geopotential Models(GGMs), namely EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4,GECO, SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, XGM2019e_2159, and GGMPlus, challenges users regarding which model is best for Vietnam. This study, therefore, evaluates their performance by comparing them with GNSS/leveling data over Vietnam. Results show that their absolute and relative performances are largely independent of topographic conditions and geographical location and can be ranked into three classes:(1)XGM2019e_2159 has the highest accuracy,(2) the models EIGEN-6C4, GECO, SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, and GGMPlus, have a very similar level of medium accuracy, while(3) EGM2008 is found to be the least accurate. In an absolute sense, the differences between GNSS/leveling and EGM2008-based height anomalies have a standard deviation(STD) of 0.290 ± 0.010 m, whereas, for XGM2019e_2159, this is 0.156 ± 0.006 m.All other models have STDs of(0.18-0.19) ± 0.007 m. Regarding relative performance without fitting, all GGMs have comparable accuracies for baseline length of 5-20 km, while for baselines longer than 20 km,the STD of XGM2019e_2159 is 1.5 ppm-0.5 ppm(approximately 19%-40%) lower compared with EGM2008, and 0.5 ppm-0.25 ppm(approximately 7%-36%) lower compared with EIGEN6C4, GECO,SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, and GGMPlus. In addition, the STDs decrease significantly from 20 to 12 ppm in the range of 5-10 km, slightly from 12 to 6 ppm for 10-35 km, very slightly from 6 to 2.5 ppm for35-200 km, and then remain almost unchanged for longer baselines. After fitting, the relative accuracies of all GGMs are at the same level with negligible STD/RMSE values. Furthermore, only EGM2008 experiences significant regional differences, while other GGMs show more homogeneous spatial variation of absolute accuracy over Vietnam. These findings can contribute to the development of local quasigeoid models in Vietnam and may be helpful with the improvement of GGMs in the future.

关键词： GGM Evaluation GNSS/Leveling EGM2008 EIGEN-6C4 GECO SGG-UGM-1 SGG-UGM-2 XGM2019e_2159 GGMPlus

Periprosthetic knee joint infection caused by Brucella melitensis which was first-osteoarticular brucellosis or osteoarthrosis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第3期11卷 677-683页

作者： Thomas Stumpner Regina kuhn Josef Hochreiter Reinhold Ortmaier Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige SchwesternLinz 4010Austria

BACKGROUND Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis worldwide and is endemic in the Middle East,Africa,Asia,and Latin America.However,it is uncommon in Central Europe,and periprosthetic infections caused by Brucella are therefore rare.Due to the low prevalence and nonspecific clinical presentation of the disease,accurate diagnosis can be challenging;no gold standard currently exists for treating brucellosis.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present a 68-year-old Afghan woman living in Austria with a periprosthetic knee infection caused by Brucella melitensis.The interval from total knee arthroplasty to septic loosening was five years.A profound medical history and examinations suggested that the patient had been suffering from unrecognized chronic osteoarticular brucellosis prior to total knee arthroplasty.She was successfully treated by two-stage revision surgery and combined antibiotic therapy over three months.CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider brucellosis as a possible cause of chronic arthralgia and periprosthetic infection in patients originating from countries with a high brucellosis burden.

关键词： Brucellosis Arthroplasty Infection Osteoarticular Knee Case report

Variability in nanoscale CMOS technology

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第5期54卷 936-945页

作者： kuhn Kelin Portland Technology Development Intel Corporation Hillsboro OR 97124 USA

Moore’s Law technology scaling has improved VLSI performance by five orders of magnitude in the last four decades. As advanced technologies continue the pursuit of Moore’s Law, a variety of challenges will need to be overcome. One of these challenges is management of process variation. This paper discusses the importance of process variation in modern CMOS transistor technology, reviews front-end variation sources, presents device and circuit variation measurement techniques (including circuit and SRAM data from the 32 nm node), and compares recent intrinsic transistor variation performance from the literature.

关键词： CMOS variation SRAM Vccmin

Human Rights and Whole-Process People’s Democracy

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The Journal of Human Rights 2023年第4期22卷 751-753页

作者： Robert Lawrence kuhn kuhn Foundation of U.S

Other than global economic and social imbalances,and climate change,human rights are the most important challenge for the international community.If our group can articulate the“Shared Human Values”of Human Rights,and can array the“Diversified International Approaches”—in this forum and in future forum—we will have made a vital contribution to China’s role in the world,and to the wellbeing of the entire world.I look forward to contributing.

关键词： Human Whole community.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Central,Eastern,and South-eastern Asia

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第2期38卷 171-183页

作者： Mohammad Fereidouni Dmitry AApanaskevich David B.Pecor Natalia Yu.Pshenichnaya Gulzhan NAbuova Farida H.Tishkova Yekaterina Bumburidi 曾宪坤 Jens H.kuhn Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi Jahrom University of Medical Sciences(دانشگاهعلومپزشكيخدماتبهداشتیدرمانیجهرم) JahromFars Province74148-46199Iran U.S.National Tick Collection The James H.Oliver Jr.Institute for Coastal Plain ScienceGeorgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGA 30458USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences(ЗоологическийинститутРоссийскойакадеМиинаук) 199034St.PetersburgRussia Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit Department of EntomologySmithsonian InstitutionSuitlandMD 20746-2863USA One Health Branch Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMD 20910USA Central Research Institute of Epidemiology(Центральныйнаучно-исследовательскийинститутэпидеМиологии) 111123MoscowRussia South Kazakhstan Medical Academy(ОңтүстікҚазақстанМедицинаакадеМиясы) Shymkent160016Kazakhstan Tajik Science and Research Institute of Preventive Medicine(ИнститутиилМй-тадкикотиитиббипрофилактикииТоцикистон) 734025 DushanbeTajikistan Central Asian Office Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAlmaty050010Kazakhstan United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort DetrickFrederickMD 21702USA Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick Division of Clinical ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMD 21702USA Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF),caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),is endemic in Africa,Asia,and Europe,but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions.Here we summarize what is known about CCHF in Central,Eastern,and South-eastern Asia.Searching multiple international and country-specific databases using a One Health approach,we defined disease risk and burden through identification of CCHF cases,anti-CCHFV antibody prevalence,and CCHFV isolation from vector ticks.We identified 2313 CCHF cases that occurred in 1944–2021 in the three examined regions.Central Asian countries reported the majority of cases(2,026).In Eastern Asia,China was the only country that reported CCHF cases(287).In South-eastern Asia,no cases were reported.Next,we leveraged our previously established classification scheme to assign countries to five CCHF evidence levels.Six countries(China,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan)were assigned to level 1 or level 2 based on CCHF case reports and the maturity of the countries’surveillance systems.Two countries(Mongolia and Myanmar)were assigned to level 3 due to evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of reported CCHF cases.Thirteen countries in Eastern and South-eastern Asia were categorized in levels 4 and 5 based on prevalence of CCHFV vector ticks.Collectively,this paper describes the past and present status of CCHF reporting to inform international and local public-health agencies to strengthen or establish CCHFV surveillance systems and address shortcomings.

关键词： Asia Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Hyalomma Tick