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Residue recycling options and their implications for sustainable nitrogen management in rice–wheat agroecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2023年第4期12卷 91-109页

作者： Ajay kumar Bhardwaj Kapil Malik Manu Rani uttam kumar Mandal Nirmalendu Basak Awtar Singh Rajender kumar Yadav Suresh kumar Chaudhari Dinesh kumar Sharma Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research Station Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Background In the Indo-Gangetic Plain, rice–wheat is the most extensively practiced crop rotation. The escalating issue of crop residue burning, particularly rice straw, and the necessity to lower the exorbitant expenses associated with fertilizer inputs stand out as significant challenges for farmers in the region. A well-suited integrated nutrient management（INM） strategy that focuses on recycling crop residues can serve as a solution to address these issues. Such a strategy not only mitigates air pollution resulting from residue burning but also helps combat water pollution due to nitrate losses from agroecosystems. Field experiments were used to evaluate the suitability of eight INM-modules that included various combinations of inorganic fertilizer rates（50%, 100%, 150% of recommended dose）, crop residues（wheat and rice stubble retention at 30 cm standing stubble equivalent to 1/3 the straw yield）, rice straw compost（RSC）, farmyard manure（FYM）, and green manuring（GM）, compared to 100% recommended dose of fertilizers（F） and no fertilizer *** There was a considerable improvement in nitrogen mineralization, grain yields, and nitrogen use efficiency under GM + RSC-F50 and GM + FYM-F50. These INM modules would permit a 50% reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. There was a little yield penalty with in situ rice residue incorporation at 100% F; however, this could be overcome with 150% F fertilizer application. In situ retention of wheat straw with a full application of fertilizer resulted in steadily rising crop yields over time. Changes in the redox potential, soil p H, and soil organic carbon best accounted for the observed trajectories in nitrogen use *** The most promising INM modules for adoption by farmers in the Indo-Gangetic Plain to judiciously use crop residues and curtail chemical fertilizer inputs are green manuring with Sesbania aculeata + rice straw compost at 5 t ha-1+ only 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers

关键词： Rice–wheat Nitrogen use efficiency Sustainable nitrogen management index Crop residue Rice straw compost

Impact of anthropogenic disturbance on species diversity and vegetation structure of a lowland tropical rainforest of eastern Himalaya, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2453-2465页

作者： Anudip GOGOI uttam kumar SAHOO Department of Forestry Mizoram University

Impact of anthropogenic disturbance on species diversity and vegetation structure of a lowland tropical rainforest was studied in the foothills of Eastern Himalaya, India. Tree species richness,density, basal area and the diversity indices were found significantly(P100 cm dbh class in all three sites. Density of the matured trees decreased with increasing DBH whereas, tree basal area tended to increase with increasing DBH in all three sites. Tree species richness was highest in the lower DBH classes.62.07% of the total tree species regenerated in the largely undisturbed site followed by 50% in the mildly disturbed and 26.32% in the highly disturbed *** overall regeneration condition was found to be good in the largely undisturbed site. Mildly disturbed site exhibited fair regeneration and so was in the highly disturbed site. Discernable variations in species composition, diversity, regeneration and tree population structure revealed the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on rainforest vegetation dynamics. Higher degree of disturbance was furtherly found not only affecting species diversity but also promoting the growth of invasive weed *** of Hydnocarpus kurzii and Crypteronia paniculata in the highly disturbed site also indicated that these les

关键词：植被结构热带雨林种类东方低地印度生物多样性人口结构

Vegetation and ecosystem carbon recovery following shifting cultivation in MizoramManipur-Kachin rainforest eco-region,Southern Asia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 236-248页

作者： Anudip Gogoi uttam kumar Sahoo Hemanta Saikia Department of Forestry Mizoram UniversityAizawl 796004India College of Sericulture Assam Agricultural UniversityJorhat 785013India

Background:Shifting cultivation(locally known as“jhum”)is a major driver of deforestation and loss of ecosystem services in *** developing any effective conservation of biodiversity and carbon service program,an indepth understanding to the recovery of vegetation and carbon after abandonment of jhum is *** estimated species richness,abundance and composition of trees,shrubs and herbs,carbon distribution in aboveground and belowground components along a chronosequence of jhum fallow in northeast India,and elucidated the factors affecting the recovery processes of jhum ***:Species composition and other plant community attributes,carbon storage in different pools were studied in 5 jhum fallows(<5,5-10,11-15,16-20,21-25 years old)and an old-growth *** data were subjected to linear mixed effect modeling using R-package“nlme”for identifying the important factors contributing to the recovery of vegetation and ***:Species composition varied significantly(P<0.05)between jhum fallows and old-growth *** density varied from 28 stems ha−1 in 5 years old jhum fallow to 163 stems ha−1 in old-growth *** biomass carbon in all components and soil organic carbon were significantly(P=0.01)lower in jhum fallows than in the old-growth forest except living non-woody biomass *** recovery of aboveground biomass carbon was faster during early successive years than the mid-successive jhum *** ecosystem carbon and soil organic carbon stock in the oldest jhum fallow was 33%and 62%of those in the old-growth forest,*** fallow age was found to be the most important explanatory factor in the recovery process of vegetation and carbon stock in re-growing ***:The shifting cultivation fallows gradually recovered both vegetation and carbon and are potential repository sites for biodiversity conservation,which may take much longer time to reach up to old-growth forest in northeast India.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Regrowth forest Vegetation succession Carbon storage Restoration of degraded land

Glidant effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanosilica on a cohesive powder： Comparison of different flow characterization techniques

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Particuology 2017年第2期15卷 69-79页

作者： Ahmad Fahmi Bin Ruzaidi uttam kumar Mandal Bappaditya Chatterjee Pharmaceutical Technology Kulliyyah of Pharrnacy IIUM Kuantan 25200 Malaysia

The methods used for flow characterization of a powder mass include the angle of repose （AOR）, Carr index （CI）, and powder flow tester （PFT）. The use of nanosilica as a flow modifier （glidant） is very common in industry. This study aims to compare the glidant effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica on a poorly flowable active pharmaceutical ingredient （ibuprofen） by different flow characterization techniques. Different percentages （0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%） of both types of mixed silica–ibuprofen powders were evaluated by the AOR, CI, bulk density, and PFT. The flow factor, effective angle of friction, and cohesion were determined to explain the bulk powder properties. The results show that different types of silica show different levels of flow property improvement, but the techniques do not equally discriminate the differences. Hydrophobic silica results in better improvement of the flow property than hydrophilic silica, probably because of its better surface coverage of silica on the host particles. Change of the bulk density with applied pressure was significant for the different powders. This study demonstrates that combining several characterization methods provides a better understanding of bulk powder flow properties with respect to powder–process relationships than a single flow indicator.

关键词： Silica Flow measurement Shear flow tester Cohesion Effective angle of friction Bulk density

Toxic and Antifeedant Effects of Different Pesticidal Plant Extracts against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1161-1172页

作者： Muhammad Asad Rashad Rasool Khan Ahmed B.Aljuboory Muhammad Haroon URashid uttam kumar Inzamam Ul Haq Aqsa Hafeez Ahmed Noureldeen Khadiga Alharbi College of Life Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China Department of Entomology University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Protection College of Agricultural Engineering ScienceUniversity of BaghdadBaghdad10071Iraq Department of Forestry and Range Management University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002China College of Plant Protection Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

The beet armyworm(BAW),Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field *** of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides,which is threatening the beneficial community and *** importantly,the BAW developed resistance to synthetic pesticides with making it difficult to ***,alternative and environment-friendly pest management tactics are urgently *** use of pesticidal plant extracts provides an effective way for a sustainable pest management *** evaluate the use of pesticidal plant extracts against BAW,we selected six plant species(Lantana camara,Aloe vera,Azadirachta indica,Cymbopogon citratus,Nicotiana tabacum,and Ocimum basilicum)for initial screening *** out of six plant species such as ***,***,*** and *** showed promising mortality of more than 50%.Therefore,we selected these four plant extracts for the subsequent *** contact bioassay,*** showed high mortality 66.63%,followed by the *** 53.33%,at 10%w/v ***,*** showed the highest mortality rate,66%at 10%w/v concentration,followed by the *** 46%through feeding ***,the feeding deterrence assay showed that *** had a high antifeedant index(−50)followed by ***(−39),and ***(−28).In living plant assay,the *** extract showed a low mean damage score 3.6 on living cotton plant followed by *** 4.5 and *** ***,extracts of three plant species provided promising results against the BAW,which can minimize the use of synthetic chemicals,particularly for small landholding *** studies are also required to evaluate the effects of these plant extract against BAW on cotton plants under field conditions to optimize the further use.

关键词： Bioassay methods feeding deterrence botanical pesticide pest management sustainable agriculture

Development and validation of a high throughput LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of pioglitazone and telmisartan in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第6期7卷 381-387页

作者： Pinaki Sengupta Bappaditya Chatterjee uttam kumar Mandal Bapi Gorain Tapan kumar Pal Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Kulliyyah of PharmacyInternational Islamic University MalaysiaMalaysia Lincoln University College Malaysia Bioequivalence Study Centre Jadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia

Management of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes demands special attention due to their co-existence. Pioglitazone （PIO） and telmisartan （TLM） combination can be beneficial in effective control of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. In this research, we developed and validated a high throughput LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of PIO and TLM in rat plasma. This developed method is more sensitive and can quantitate the analytes in relatively shorter period of time compared to the previously reported methods for their individual quantification. Moreover, till date, there is no bioanalytical method available to simultaneously quantitate PIO and TLM in a single run. The method was validated according to the USFDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. A linear response of the analytes was observed over the range of 0.005-10 pg/mL with satisfactory precision and accuracy. Accuracy at four quality control levels was within 94.27%-106.10%. The inlxa- and inter-day precision ranged from 2.32% to 10.14% and 5.02% to 8.12%, respectively. The method was reproducible and sensitive enough to quantitate PIO and TLM in rat plasma samples of a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. Due to the potential of PIO-TLM combination to be therapeutically explored, this method is expected to have significant usefulness in future.

关键词： LC-MS/MS Rat plasma Pharmacokinetic applicability Telmisartan Pioglitazone Pharmacokinetic application

Discount pricing policy for deteriorating items under preservation technology cost and shortages

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Journal of Management Analytics 2020年第4期7卷 649-671页

作者： Anubhav Namdeo uttam kumar Khedlekar Priyanka Singh Department of Mathematics and Statistics Dr.Hari Singh Gour UniversitySagarIndia

This paper presents an inventory model with a constant rate of deterioration of the product,and shortages are allowed at the end of the *** stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand have been considered with a policy of providing price discount to uplift the market *** technology is applied to preserve the items from *** objective of this model is to maximize the total profit function by finding the optimal replenishment time,the optimal preservation technology investment and the optimal ***,we have shown that the total profit is a concave function of the replenishment time and preservation technology *** in pricing may be offered at a time of festival,season breaks down,lockdown and clearance of stock,before introducing a new product with up-gradations,*** examples and graphical analysis are provided to explain the *** discount policy could help any business organizations for smooth running of the business and obtain respective optimal profit.

关键词： inventory stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand preservation technology deterioration discount replenishment cycle

Breakable Fuzzy Multi-stage Transportation Problem

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2015年第1期3卷 53-67页

作者： Abhijit Baidya uttam kumar Bera Manoranjan Maiti Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyAgartalaJirania 799055TripuraIndia Department of Applied Mathematics Vidyasagar UniversityMidnapore 721102West BengalIndia

In this paper,we investigate two new transportation models with breakability and restriction on *** in transportation process the items which are transported,have got damaged due to bad conditions of the road and *** we consider the problem that there are so many plants and customers and the goods are transported in *** formulate two transportationmodels under crisp and fuzzy environment where we consider the transportation parameters are crisp and fuzzy in nature,*** also consider the breakability(takes the deterministic value for the respectivemodels)at each *** the fuzzy model,generalized triangular fuzzy number and mean ofα-cut method are *** illustration is provided to illustrate the developed models.

关键词： Transportation problem(TP) Multi-stage TP Breakability Generalized triangular fuzzy number

Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems and their in vivo success:A recent update

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第5期11卷 575-584页

作者： uttam kumar Mandal Bappaditya Chatterjee Faria Gias Senjoti Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Kulliyyah of PharmacyInternational Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Gastro-retentive drug delivery system(GRDDS) has gained immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. It is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor *** innovative approaches like magnetic field assisted gastro-retention, plug type swelling system, muco-adhesion technique, floating system with or without effervescence are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Apart from in vitro characterization, successful GRDDS development demands well designed in vivo study to establish enhanced gastro-retention and prolonged drug release. Gama scintigraphy and MRI are popular techniques to evaluate in vivo gastric residence time. However, checking of their overall in-vivo efficacy still remains a major challenge for this kind of dosage form, especially in small animals like mice or *** in vivo studies with beagle dogs, rabbits, and human subjects are only a handful in spite of a large number of encouraging in vitro results. In spite of the many advantages,high subject variations in gastrointestinal physiological condition, effect of food, and variable rate of gastric emptying time are the challenges that limit the number of available GRDDS in the market. This review article highlights the in vivo works of GRDDS carried out in the recent past, including their limitations and challenges that need to be overcome in the near future.

关键词： Floating tablet Effervescence Polymer swelling In vitro Bioavailability