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Climate-change habitat shifts for the vulnerable endemic oak species(Quercus arkansana Sarg.)

Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 117-127页

作者： Suresh Chandra Subedi Seth Drake Binaya adhikari Mark V.Coggeshall Department of Biological Sciences Arkansas Tech UniversityRussellvilleARUSA Department of Biology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA School of Natural Resources University of Missouri203 ABNR BuildingColumbiaMO 65211USA

Quercus arkansana(Arkansas oak)is at risk of becoming endangered,as the total known population size is represented by a few isolated populations.The potential impact of climate change on this species in the near future is high,yet knowledge of its predicted effects is limited.Our study utilized the biomod2 R package to develop habi-tat suitability ensemble models based on bioclimatic and topographic environmental variables and the known loca-tions of current distribution of Q.arkansana.We predicted suitable habitats across three climate change scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)for 2050,2070,and 2090.Our findings reveal that the current suitable habitat for Q.arkansana is approximately 127,881 km^(2) across seven states(Texas,Arkansas,Alabama,Louisiana,Mississippi,Georgia,and Florida);approximately 9.5%is encompassed within state and federally managed protected areas.Our models predict that all current suitable habitats will disap-pear by 2050 due to climate change,resulting in a northward shift into new regions such as Tennessee and Kentucky.The large extent of suitable habitat outside protected areas sug-gests that a species-specific action plan incorporating pro-tected areas and other areas may be crucial for its conserva-tion.Moreover,protection of Q.arkansana habitat against climate change may require locally and regionally focused conservation policies,adaptive management strategies,and educational outreach among local people.

关键词： Biomod2 Climate change Conservation Habitat loss Habitat shift Species distribution modeling Oak species

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Impacts of road on plant invasions in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 619-632页

作者： Ananda adhikari Adarsha SUBEDI Achyut TIWARI Bharat Babu SHRESTHA Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant habitats.However,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in Nepal.Here,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural habitats.Systematic sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the roads.At each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior habitat.Our results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central Nepal.Further,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road verges.We emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.

关键词： Biological invasions Dispersal corridor Invasive alien plants Transport infrastructure Himalayan mountains

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Evaluation of hand infections in the emergency department using point-of-care ultrasound

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： David Ahmad Haidar David Mintz Brandon M Wubben Omar Rizvi Srikar adhikari Department of Emergency Medicine Michigan MedicineAnn Arbor 48109-1382USA University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson 85724USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of IowaIowa City 52242-1009USA Department of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA

BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessment of hand infections that present to the emergency department(ED)and its impact on medical decision making and patient management.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academic EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between December 2015 and December 2021.Two trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS examinations of the hand.We then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for demographic characteristics,history,physical examination findings,ED course,additional imaging studies,consultations,impact of POCUS on patient care and final disposition.RESULTS:We included a total of 50 cases(28 male,22 female)in the final analysis.The most common presenting symptoms and exam findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythema(74%).The most common sonographic findings were edema(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in medical decision making 68%of the time(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in management 38%of the time(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the performance of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 times,abscess 12/16 times,and cellulitis 14/20 times.CONCLUSION:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an important part of medical decision making to expedite patient care.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Cellulitis Abscess Flexor tenosynovitis

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Defect mediated losses and degradation of perovskite solar cells:Origin impacts and reliable characterization techniques

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 217-253页

作者： Himangshu Baishy Ramkrishna Das adhikari Mayur Jagdishbhai Patel Deepak Yadav Tapashi Sarmah Mizanur Alam Manab Kalita Parameswar Krishnan lyer Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039AssamIndia partment of Chemistry Indian Institute ofTechnology GuwahatGuwahati739AssamIndi

The rapid advancement of halide-based hybrid perovskite materials has garnered significant research attention,particularly in the domain of photovoltaic technology.Owing to their exceptional optoelec-tronic properties,they demonstrated power conversion efficiency(PcE)of over 25%in single junction solar cells.Despite the notable progress in PCE over the past decade,the inherent high defect density pre-senting in perovskite materials gives rise to several loss mechanisms and associated ion migration in per-ovskite solar cells(PsCs)during operational conditions.These factors collectively contribute to a significant stability challenge in PsCs,placing their longevity far behind for commercialization.While numerous reports have explored defects,ion migration,and their impacts on device performance,a com-prehensive correlation between the types of defects and the degradation kinetics of perovskite materials and PsCs has been lacking.In this context,this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins of defects and ion migration,emphasizing their correlation with the degradation kinetics of per-ovskite materials and PsCs,leveraging reliable characterization techniques.Furthermore,these charac-terization techniques are intended to comprehend loss mechanisms by different passivation approaches to enhance the durability and PCE of PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Defects lon migration Degradation Stability

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当代中国人群牙齿可观测特征的多样性研究

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基因组学与应用生物学 2024年第1期43卷 150-171页

作者：罗浩陈颖洁杨光睿 Kaustubh adhikari 夏斌 Andrés Ruiz-Linares Miguel Delgado 复旦大学生命科学学院现代人类学教育部重点实验室人类遗传学与人类学系上海200438 开放大学科学技术工程和数学学院数学与统计学院英国伦敦MK76AA 北京大学口腔医学院北京100086 拉普拉塔国立大学自然科学及博物馆学院人类学科阿根廷拉普拉塔1900

本研究基于当代中国人群3D牙齿模型数据,参照拉美人群进化和多样性研究联合会(consortium for the analysis of the diversity and evolution of Latin America,CANDELA)所使用的牙齿特征点标记方法,使用牙齿特征点间的欧几里得线性距离... 详细信息

本研究基于当代中国人群3D牙齿模型数据,参照拉美人群进化和多样性研究联合会(consortium for the analysis of the diversity and evolution of Latin America,CANDELA)所使用的牙齿特征点标记方法,使用牙齿特征点间的欧几里得线性距离(Euclidean linear distances,ELD)表示的牙齿表型作为牙齿可观测特征的度量,探究个体因素(年龄、性别)和群体因素(民族)对当代中国人群牙齿可观测特征多样性的影响。通过对牙齿标记特征点的典型变量分析(canonical variate analysis,CVA)、交叉验证(cross validation,CV)、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)以及对牙齿表型的Pearson相关性分析和差异分析,本研究发现进化上相近的群体牙齿可观测特征往往更接近。具体来说,汉族的上颌牙齿可观测特征和壮族、苗族较为接近而不同于蒙古族的,而藏族的上、下颌牙齿可观测特征不同于维吾尔族的;南北中汉族牙齿表型的差异具有明确的方向性,下颌牙齿差异比上颌更明显;从性别角度看,男女牙齿表型差异主要体现在尖牙上,男性尖牙平均宽度和高度显著大于女性的;对不同年龄群体的差异分析表明,遗传外因素对牙齿可观测特征的影响主要体现在尖牙、上颌第一磨牙、下颌第一前磨牙上。

关键词：当代中国人群牙齿可观测特征表型差异

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Quantifying the Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Impact of the Recent Crude Oil Price Fluctuations

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第4期6卷 605-615页

作者： Peng Xu utsav adhikari Lei Guo Deepa Sathaye Jihua Wang Dongliang Yi Yizhi Zhu Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

This study analyzed the potential impact of the increased oil volatility on the industries and the global economy. Specifically, it separated the oil price fluctuations into positive and negative components, and modeled the return of industry portfolios with them. Next, the sensitivity of the airline industry to oil price was investigated to gauge the effectiveness of their hedging strategies, with the hope that the methodology can be extended to other industries. In addition, this paper explored the macroeconomic impact of oil price movements by examining the benchmarks such as GDP and CPI.

关键词： Crude Oil Airline Hedging Asymmetric Effects Microeconomics Macroeconomics

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Incident respiratory disease among youths using combustible tobacco,electronic nicotine products,or both:a longitudinal analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第11期18卷 786-790页

作者： Dharma N.Bhatta Ruchi adhikari Department of Community Medicine Department of Medicine and EpidemiologyPeoples Dental CollegeTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal General Dentistry School of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

The use of electronic nicotine products is rapidly evolving among the United States(US)youth.Electronic nicotine products produce and deliver thousands of pulmonary toxicants and iritants different from combustible tobacco[1,2].A review of human,animal,and in vitro experimental studics suggested that electronic nicotine product aerosols can negatively afect multiple aspects of lung cellular and organ physiology,and immune function[3,4].

关键词： tobacco nicotine analysis

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Antimicrobial activities of Acacia genus:A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第2期13卷 45-59页

作者： Deeksha adhikari Naresh Kumar Rangra Department of Pharmacognosy ISF College of PharmacyMogaPunjab 142001India Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry&Analysis ISF College of PharmacyMogaPunjab 142001India

More than 1 300 species of the vast genus Acacia are found in tropical habitats. They are crucial economic plants since they produce traditional medicines, timber, and gum. The pharmacological uses of the Acacia genus include anti-diarrheal, anti-malarial, chronic pain relief, wound healing, anti-cancer, anti-rheumatism, and antidiabetes activities. It is also used for treating various illnesses such as gastroenteritis, allergies, Alzheimer’s disease, cough, and cardiovascular disease. The present review aims to summarize the antimicrobial activities including the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the Acacia genus. The literature was searched in books and online databases including SciFinder, Google Scholar, Scopus, Pub Med, and scientific journals using the most relevant keywords: Acacia+antimicrobial, Acacia+antibacterial, and Acacia+antifungal.

关键词： Acacia Antimicrobial Antibacterial Antifungal Polyphenols Flavonoids

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Detailed approach toward the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Sterculia diversifolia G.Don against alloxan-induced in vivo hyperglycemia model

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第1期42卷 17-22页

作者： Fazle Rabbi Amir Zada Amna Nisar Achyut adhikari Irfan Ullah Shafiq Ur Rahman Department of Pharmacy Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Pharmacy University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Central Department of Chemistry Tribhuvan UniversityKritipur 44613KathmanduNepal Department of Pharmacy Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Pharmacy Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalDir(Upper)18000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan

OBJECTIVE:To investigate Sterculia diversifolia G.Don for potential anti-diabetic activity in the in vivo mouse model of alloxan-induced hyperglycemia.METHODS:Sterculia diversifolia(S.diversifolia)was subjected to extraction and isolation techniques and structural characterization of the isolated compounds were performed using spectroscopic methods.The acute toxicity test was performed by orally administering S.diversifolia in doses of 500-2000 mg/kg.For the assessment of anti-hyperglycemic activity,S.diversifolia bark and leaves extracts were administered orally in doses of 50,100,and 200 mg/kg,along with metformin(150 mg/kg,i.p)as positive control,after confirmation of alloxan(150 mg/kg,i.p.)induced hyperglycemia in BALB/c mice.Serum biochemical parameters were monitored for the period of study.RESULTS:The phytochemical studies showed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol in S.diversifolia.The IC50 values in the in vivo acute toxicity study revealed the safety margin of S.diversifolia bark(1166.66 mg/kg)and leaves(683.34 mg/kg)extracts.A significant attenuation of alloxan induced hyperglycemia was produced by S.diversifolia extracts at 50 mg/kg(P<0.05),100 mg/kg(P<0.05,<0.01),and 150 mg/kg(P<0.05,<0.01,<0.001)during 1-4 h,which was comparable to metformin(P<0.001).Significant(P<0.001)improvement appeared in blood hemoglobin,protein,cholesterol,triglycerides,urea,creatinine,HDL,and LDL of the stem bark and leaves extracts treated diabetic mice.CONCLUSION:These findings connote the usefulness of S.diversifolia as an anti-diabetic in traditional medicine and this might be attributed to the presence of quercetin and kaempferol,among other phytochemicals.

关键词： Sterculia hypoglycemic agents quercetin Kaempferols biochemical parameters

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Hydrochemical characterization and irrigation suitability of the Ganges Brahmaputra River System:review and assessment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第2期19卷 388-402页

作者： BISHWAKARMA Kiran WANG Guan-xing ZHANG Fan adhikari Subash KARKI Kabita GHIMIRE Archana State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Provincial Policy and Planning Commission Gandaki ProvincePokhara 33700Nepal Research Center for Eco-Environ mental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Department of Mines and Geology Kathmandu 44618Nepal

The hydrochemical characterization and irrigation suitability assessment of the GangesBrahmaputra River System(GBRS)has immense importance for the livelihoods of people and ecosystem sustainability in the region.This study aims to assess the hydrochemical characteristics and evaluate the irrigation suitability of water in the GBRS by reviewing published literature of the major tributaries.The studied rivers were categorized into two groups namely Group-1 and Group-2 considering the similarities of climatic patterns,hydrochemical attributes,and drainage characteristics.The hydrochemistry of the river water was characterized by the Piper diagram,Gibbs plot,mixing plots,and ionic ratios.Furthermore,irrigation water qualities were evaluated by electrical conductivity(EC),sodium percentage(Na%),sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),magnesium hazard(MH),and Wilcox diagram.The results indicated that the hydrochemistry of the GBRS was slightly alkaline to alkaline(7.42-8.78)in nature.The average concentrations of most of the chemical attributes showed higher in Group-1,whereas the average concentrations of K^(+) and NO_(3)^(-) were found higher in Group-2.The average concentration of the major ions followed the dominancy order Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>Na^(+)>K^(+) for cations and HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl^(-)>NO_(3)^(-) for anions in both groups.Gibbs plot and mixing plot indicated that carbonate rock weathering dominates the hydrochemical process,which was further confirmed by the Piper diagram and the ionic ratios.From the analyses of irrigational water quality,almost all the rivers(except Gomti River in terms of MH and Rangit River in terms of Na%)in the GBRS were found to be suitable based on EC,SAR,Na%,MH,and Wilcox diagram.Finally,the majority of river systems in the GBRS were characterized by carbonate dominated lithology and irrigational water quality is mostly suitable for utilization.This study could be useful for water quality management in the glacial-fed Himalayan river under the context of global climate change.

关键词： Ganges-Brahmaputra River System Hydrochemical characterization Major ions Irrigation suitability assessment

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