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Impacts of road on plant invasions in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 619-632页

作者： Ananda ADHIKArI Adarsha SUBEDI Achyut TIWArI Bharat Babu shrestha Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road *** verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant ***,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in ***,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural *** sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the *** each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior *** results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central ***,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road *** emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.

关键词： Biological invasions Dispersal corridor Invasive alien plants Transport infrastructure Himalayan mountains

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Assessment of SoilGrids data for soil erosion estimation at watershed scale:A case study in northern Thailand

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 797-813页

作者： Chike Onyeka MADUEKE Dhruba Pikha shrestha Panagiotis NYKTAS Department of Natural resources Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Department of Soil Science and Land resources Management Nnamdi Azikiwe University Department of Applied Earth Sciences Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente

Soil erosion has been identified as one of the most destructive forms of land degradation, posing a threat to the sustainability of global economic, social and environmental systems. This underscores the need for sustainable land management that takes erosion control and prevention into consideration. This requires the use of state-of-the-art erosion prediction models. The models often require extensive input of detailed spatial and temporal data, some of which are not readily available in many developing countries, particularly detailed soil data. The soil dataset Global Gridded Soil Information(SoilGrids) could potentially fill the data gap. Nevertheless, its value and accuracy for soil erosion modelling in the humid tropics is still unknown, necessitating the need to assess its value vis-à-vis field-based data. The major objective of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the value of SoilGrids and field-based soil data for estimating soil loss. Soil samples were collected from five physiographic positions(summit, shoulder, back slope, foot slope, and toe slope) using the soil catena approach. Samples were collected using a 5-cm steel sample ring(undisturbed) and a spade(disturbed). Data of the landform, predominant vegetation types, canopy cover, average plant height, land use, soil depth, shear strength, and soil color were recorded for each site. The soil samples were subjected to laboratory analysis for saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, particle size distribution, and organic matter content. Pedotransfer functions were applied on the SoilGrids and field-based data to generate soil hydrological properties. The resultant field-based data were compared with the SoilGrids data for corresponding points/areas to determine the potential similarities of the two datasets. Both datasets were then used as inputs for soil erosion assessment using the revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney model. The results from both datasets were again compared to det

关键词： field-based soil data hillslope modeling pedo-transfer functions similarity assessment soil erosion modelling

Effectiveness of Music-Based Therapeutic Intervention on People with Dementia: A rapid review

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第2期13卷 35-47页

作者： Shreejeet shrestha Samikshya Karmacharya Yadav Prasad Joshi Prasa shrestha Department of Public Health Asian College for Advance Studies Lalitpur Nepal Department of Operation Theatre Gosford Hospital New South Wales Health Gosford Australia Faculty of Science Health and Technology Nepal Open University Lalitpur Nepal Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine Chitwan Medical College Bharatpur Nepal

Background: Dementia is a condition with progressive cognitive dysfunction and manifestation of both behavioral and psychosocial symptoms. Non-pharmacological measures such as music therapy are gaining importance since efficacy and safety of people with dementia have been questionable for pharmacological measures. Patient’s response to music is persistent even in the later stage of dementia. Aim: This rapid review aims to identify, analyze, evaluate, and summarize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of music-based therapeutic interventions among people with dementia. Method: CINAHL Cochrane Library, internet websites of rapid review producers, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened the literature search results. Effectiveness, music-based therapeutic intervention, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, systematic review and systematic review with meta-analysis terms were used to abstract data from included studies. Main Findings: 11 Srs and Srs with meta-analysis were reviewed which revealed positive effect of music therapy on five major outcomes with 9 studies effect on behavioral outcome, 6 studies with positive effect on psychosocial outcome reducing anxiety, 6 with improved cognition, 1 study revealed with improved quality of life and 1 study revealed effect on physiological outcomes. Conclusion: Music therapy has positive effect on treatment of dementia but further studies with larger sample size and specified to single intervention should be conducted to provide generalisable and precise results on this topic.

关键词： Dementia rapid review Music Therapy Behavioral Cognitive Quality of Life

Integrated Analysis of Water Quality in Artificial Fishponds Using WQI and GIS in South-East Sierra Leone

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 145-163页

作者： Hadji D. S. Kallon Lamin r. Mansaray Misbah Fida Pratap Sundar.shrestha Institute of Environmental Management and Quality Control Njala University Njala Sierra Leone School of Water and Environment Chang’an University Xi’an China Quality Control Laboratory of Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Surveys and Geo-Informatics School of Environmental Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone

Artificial fishponds play a pivotal role in global aquaculture, serving as a source of livelihood and nourishment for many communities. Ensuring the sustained health and productivity of Fishes in these environments relies heavily on water quality management. This assessment was done to determine the water quality of ten artificial fishponds in the south-eastern part of Sierra Leone using twelve physicochemical factors (pH, BOD, EC, TDS, turbidity, COD, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH3, , and alkalinity) to find out the Water Quality Index (WQI) and spatial distribution of respective parameters. The assessment of artificial fishponds using WQI and Inverse Distant Weighting (IDW) integration represents a relatively underexplored area within the domain of environmental water resources. The WQI was determined using the “Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index’’ method. The results of WQI in the study area range from 65.05 to 147.26. Several locations have water quality deemed unsuitable for consumption, while others range from good to very poor. It is essential to address and improve water quality in locations categorized as unsuitable for consumption and very poor to ensure safe and healthy water sources. It was also clear from the calculation that the smaller the mean concentration value of the pH as compared to the ideal value (7), the smaller the WQI value and the better the water quality. To keep the artificial fishpond water in good condition, mass domestic use should be controlled, and draining of surrounding organic matter should be stopped in ponds Bo_001, Kenema_001, and Kenema_002.

关键词： Physicochemical Parameters Water Quality Index WQI-“Weighted Arithmetic Index Method”

Subclinical hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection:The concept of“dynamic human reservoir”

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 506-510页

作者： Ananta shrestha Suresh Basnet Sudhamshu KC Department of Hepatology Alka HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States Department of Hepatology National Academy of Medical SciencesKathmandu 44600Nepal

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is hyperendemic in South Asia and Africa accounting for half of total Global HEV *** are eight genotypes of *** them,the four common ones known to infect humans,genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent in the developing world and genotypes 3 and 4 are causing challenge in the industrialized *** HEV viremia in the general population,especially among blood donors,has been reported in the literature *** clinical implications related to this asymptomatic viremia are unclear and need further *** of viremia due to HEV genotype 1 infection,apparently among healthy blood donors is also reported without much knowledge about its infection ***,while HEV genotype 3 is known to be transmitted via blood transfusion in humans and has been subjected to screening in many European nations,instances of transmission have also been documented albeit without significant clinical *** of HEV genotype 1 in endemic areas often show waxing and waning *** sporadic occurrence of HEV infection interrupted by outbreaks have been frequently *** absence of known animal reservoir,where HEV exists in between outbreak is a mystery that needs further ***,occurrence of asymptomatic HEV viremia due to HEV genotype 1 during epidemiologically quiescent period may explain that this phenomenon may act as a dynamic *** HEV genotype 1 infection cannot cause chronicity,subclinical transient infection and transmission of virus might be the reason it sustains in interepidemic *** might be the similar phenomenon with SArS COVID-19 corona virus infection which is circulating worldwide in distinct phases with peaks and plateaus despite vaccination against *** view of existing evidence,we propose the concept of“Dynamic Human reservoir.”Quiescent subclinical infection of HEV without any clinical consequences and subsequent transmission may contribute to the ex

关键词： Hepatitis E Viral hepatitis Genotype 1 Dynamic human reservoir Subclinical infection

Global multifaceted biodiversity patterns,centers,and conservation needs in angiosperms

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 817-828页

作者： Ao Luo Yaoqi Li Nawal shrestha Xiaoting Xu Xiangyan Su Yichao Li Tong Lyu Kilara Waris Zhiyao Tang Xiaojuan Liu Luxiang Lin Yongsheng Chen Kuiling Zu Wenqi Song Shijia Peng Niklaus E.Zimmermann Loïc Pellissier Zhiheng Wang Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Land Consolidation and rehabilitation Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100035China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Swiss Federal research Institute WSL Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland

The Convention on Biological Diversity seeks to conserve at least 30%of global land and water areas by 2030,which is a challenge but also an opportunity to better preserve biodiversity,including flowering plants(angiosperms).Herein,we compiled a large database on distributions of over 300,000 angiosperm species and the key functional traits of 67,024 *** this database,we constructed biodiversity-environment models to predict global patterns of taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diversity in terrestrial angiosperms and provide a comprehensive mapping of the three diversity *** further evaluated the current protection status of the biodiversity centers of these diversity *** results showed that geographical patterns of the three facets of plant diversity exhibited substantial spatial mismatches and nonoverlapping conservation *** centers of functional diversity,particularly of herbaceous species,were primarily distributed in temperate regions and under weaker protection compared with other biodiversity centers of taxonomic and phylogenetic *** global assessment of multifaceted biodiversity patterns and centers highlights the insufficiency and unbalanced conservation among the three diversity facets and the two growth forms(woody ***),thus providing directions for guiding the future conservation of global plant diversity.

关键词： angiosperms species richness phylogenetic diversity functional diversity plant traits woody species herbaceous species

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The Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Co-Infection in Pediatric Infectious Mononucleosis: A Single-Centered, retrospective Study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 459-475页

作者： Abdishakur Abdukadir Muse Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed Pu Yang Lihong Liao Bibek Dhar.shrestha Agness Nicholaus Kanusya Paul Mwale Youping Deng Dongchi Zhao Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China Department of Ophthalmology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Background: recent studies indicate that the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM) has increased in China. Furthermore, it has been shown that children diagnosed with IM are prone to acquiring other pathogens. However, there is limited research on the prevalence of these co-infections in children with IM. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of coinfections and common pathogens, as well as to compare clinical manifestations in children with and without coinfections. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, with data from January 2018 to January 2023. Data, including demographics, symptoms, lab results, and complications, were collected from the hospital’s electronic database and analyzed. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests to compare the means of continuous variables. Statistical significance was determined by p-values less than 0.05. results: The study involved 216 participants diagnosed with IM, predominantly males (61.6%) aged 0 - 4 years (50.9%). Coinfection was detected in 39.8% of children, with multiple pathogens present in 33.72% of these cases. Among coinfection cases, 40% occurred in children under 5 years old, and females made up 54.2% of these cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the most prevalent pathogen, accounting for 18.1% of cases. Influenza B (IFB) and Influenza A (IFA) viruses were found in 16.7% and 13.9% of participants, respectively, indicating a notable occurrence of respiratory pathogen coinfections. Male gender, fever, tonsillopharyngitis, lower HGB levels, higher ESr, CrP, and AST levels were correlated with coinfections. Conclusion: In summary, the study revealed a high prevalence of coinfections among children diagnosed with IM, particularly involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza viruses. These coinfections were notably

关键词： Prevalence Mononucleosis Coinfection Children Epstein-Barr Virus Features

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铁路路基病害探地雷达智能识别方法

地球物理学进展 2024年

作者：杨洋赵广茂张志厚张天一吴艳霞黄丽敏舒永正 rohit shrestha 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院中国铁路设计集团有限公司

随着铁路线路服役期的增长，路基结构会因施工缺陷、养护不当、地质灾害和混凝土结构老化等因素出现病害。车载探地雷达技术是检测铁路路基病害的有效手段。然而，目前雷达数据的解译主要依赖人工识别，不仅效率低下，且主观性强。此外... 详细信息

随着铁路线路服役期的增长，路基结构会因施工缺陷、养护不当、地质灾害和混凝土结构老化等因素出现病害。车载探地雷达技术是检测铁路路基病害的有效手段。然而，目前雷达数据的解译主要依赖人工识别，不仅效率低下，且主观性强。此外，也有少量智能识别方法得到了应用，但其识别精度通常难以满足实际工程的需求。鉴于此，本文提出了一种基于半监督深度学习方法识别路基病害。首先，针对病害体数据集中样本不平衡问题，研究了基于生成对抗网络模型的数据扩充方法，并采用少量优质化病害样本进行病害图谱智能化扩充；其次，基于YOLOv5网络对已有少量样本进行监督学习，获得病害识别的初始网络模型，再对智能化扩充样本进行识别标注，从而实现了病害体样本的类型平衡；最后，利用较完备数据集进行训练，提升智能模型识别精度。实验结果表明，模型精度最高可达94.53%，相比未扩充数据集的监督学习模型准确率提升了23.85%。表明本文所提出的智能新方法能够更大程度挖掘模型潜在学习能力，进而提高路基病害的识别精度。这对于铁路路基病害检测具有较强的工业应用价值。

关键词：病害检测探地雷达 YOLO GAN 半监督学习

Distribution Patterns of Medicinal Plants along an Elevational Gradient in Central Himalaya,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 201-213页

作者： Maan B.rOKAYA Zuzana MÜNZBErGOVÁ Mani r.shrestha Binu TIMSINA Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Department of Botany Faculty of SciencesCharles University School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityClayton Campus Institute for Environmental Studies Faculty of ScienceCharles University

This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular *** used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant *** comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low *** highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.

关键词：药用植物海拔梯度分布格局喜马拉雅山尼泊尔蒙特卡罗模拟低海拔地区维管束植物

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