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Chloroplast Proteins without Cleavable Transit Peptides： Rare Exceptions or a Major Constituent of the Chloroplast Proteome？

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1325-1335页

作者： ute Armbruster Alexander Hertle Elina Makarenko Jessica Zuhlke Mathias Pribil Angela Dietzmann Ivo Schliebner Elena Aseeva Elena Fenino Michael Scharfenberg Christian Voigt Dario Leister Lehrstuhl fur Botanik Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit~t MQnchen Menzinger Str. 67 D-80638 Munchen Germany

Most chloroplast proteins （cp proteins） are nucleus-encoded, synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes as precursor proteins containing a presequence （cTP）, and post-translationally imported via the Tic/Toc complex into the organelle, where the cTP is removed. Only a few unambiguous instances of cp proteins that do not require cTPs （non-canonical cp proteins） have been reported so far. However, the survey of data from large-scale proteomic studies presented here suggests that the fraction of such proteins in the total cp proteome might be as large as -30%. To explore this discrepancy, we chose a representative set of 28 putative non-canonical cp proteins, and used in vitro import and Red Fluorescent Protein （RFP）-fusion assays to determine their sub-cellular destinations. Four proteins, including embryo defective 1211, glycolate oxidase 2, protein disulfide isomerase-like protein （PDII）, and a putative glutathione S-transferase, could be unambiguously assigned to the chloroplast. Several others （＇potential cp proteins＇） were found to be imported into chloroplasts in vitro, but failed to localize to the organelle when RFP was fused to their C-terminal ends. Extrapolations suggest that the fraction of cp proteins that enter the inner compartments of the organelle, although they lack a cTP, might be as large as 11.4% of the total cp proteome. Our data also support the idea that cytosolic proteins that associate with the cp outer membrane might account for false positive cp proteins obtained in earlier studies.

关键词： Chloroplast biology mitochondria organelle biogenesis/function protein targeting.

Thioredoxins Play a Crucial Role in Dynamic Acclimation of Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light

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Molecular Plant 2017年第1期10卷 168-182页

作者： Ina Thormahlen Arkadius Zupok Josephin Rescher Jochen Leger Stefan Weissenberger Julia Groysman Anne Orwat Gilles Chatel-lnnocenti Emmanuelle Issakidis-Bourguet ute Armbruster Peter Geigenberger Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat MQnchen Grosshaderner StraSe 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Department 3 Am Muhlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2) UMR 9213/UMR1403 Universite Paris Sud CNRS INRA Universit~ d'Evry Universite Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cite Batiment 630 91405 Orsay France

Sunlight represents the energy source for photosynthesis and plant growth. When growing in the field, plant photosynthesis has to manage strong fluctuations in light intensities. Regulation based on the thio- redoxin （Trx） system is believed to ensure light-responsive control of photosynthetic reactions in the chlo- roplast. However, direct evidence for a role of this system in regulating dynamic acclimation of photosyn- thesis in fluctuating conditions is largely lacking. In this report we show that the ferredoxin-dependent Trxs ml and m2 as well as the NADPH-dependent NTRC are both indispensable for photosynthetic acclimation in fluctuating light intensities. Arabidopsis mutants with combined deficiency in Trxs ml and m2 show wild- type growth and photosynthesis under constant light condition, while photosynthetic parameters are strongly modified in rapidly alternating high and low light. Two independent trxmlm2 mutants show lower photosynthetic efficiency in high light, but surprisingly significantly higher photosynthetic efficiency in low light. Our data suggest that a main target of Trx ml and m2 is the NADP-malate dehydrogenase involved in export of excess reductive power from the chloroplast. The decreased photosynthetic efficiency in the high-light peaks may thus be explained by a reduced capacity of the trxm lm2 mutants in the rapid light acti-vation of this enzyme. In the ntrc mutant, dynamic responses of non-photochemical quenching of excita- tion energy and plastoquinone reduction state both were strongly attenuated in fluctuating light intensities, leading to a massive decrease in PSII quantum efficiency and a specific decrease in plant growth under these conditions. This is likely due to the decreased ability of the ntrc mutant to control the stromal NADP（H） redox poise. Taken together, our results indicate that NTRC is indispensable in ensuring the full range of dynamic responses of photosynthesis to optimize photosynthesis and maintain growth in fluc

关键词： arabidopsis chloroplast light signalling NTRC redox regulation thioredoxin

综合大学与应用科学大学在区域创新体系中扮演的角色

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应用型高等教育研究 2017年第2期2卷 1-10页

作者： Christian warnecke 波鸿鲁尔大学德国鲁尔44801

绝大多数有关知识转化的研究都以案例研究为基础。与之不同的是,此处介绍研究成果的基础是一个对全德国教授做出的问卷调查。共有7 500名被调查者回复了问卷。在调查过程中,多次联系了超过47 000名教授。调查的目的是要了解综合大学和... 详细信息

绝大多数有关知识转化的研究都以案例研究为基础。与之不同的是,此处介绍研究成果的基础是一个对全德国教授做出的问卷调查。共有7 500名被调查者回复了问卷。在调查过程中,多次联系了超过47 000名教授。调查的目的是要了解综合大学和应用科学大学在区域创新体系中是如何各自定位的。结果显示,在这两种类型的高校之间仍然存在功能性的区别,但他们起着互补的作用。综合大学更加具有科研导向性,而应用科学大学则更注重区域性和实践性。

关键词：知识转化创新区域发展衍生创业校企合作

Transition from a maternal to external nitrogen source in maize seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第4期59卷 261-274页

作者： Kasra Sabermanesh Luke R. Holtham Jessey George ute Roessner Berin A. Boughton Sigrid Heuer Mark Tester Darren C. Plett Trevor P. Garnett Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics Waite Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5064 Australia School of Agriculture Food and Wine Waite Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5064 Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia Metabolomics Australia School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Center for Desert Agriculture Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia6. The Australian Plant Phenomics Facility The Plant Accelerator Waite Campus The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5064 Australia The Australian Plant Phenomics Facility The Plant Accelerator Waite Campus The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5064 Australia

Maximizing NO3 uptake during seedling development is important as it has a major influence on plant growth and yield. However, little is known about the processes leading to, and involved in, the initiation of root NO3 uptake capacity in developing seedlings. This study examines the physiological processes involved in root NO3 uptake and metabolism, to gain an understanding of how the NO3 uptake system responds to meet demand as maize seedlings transition from seed N use to external N capture. The concentrations of seedderived free amino acids within root and shoot tissues are initially high, but decrease rapidly until stabilizing eight days after imbibition （DAI）. Similarly, shoot N% decreases, but does not stabilize until 12-13 DAI. Following the decrease in free amino acid concentrations, root NO3- uptake capacity increases until shoot N% stabilizes. The increase in root NO3 uptake capacity corresponds with a rapid rise in transcript levels of putative NO3 transporters, ZmNRT2.1 and ZmNRT2.2. The processes underlying the increase in root NO3- uptake capacity to meet N demand provide an insight into the processes controlling N uptake.

关键词： NRT Transition from a maternal to external nitrogen source in maize seedlings NO

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悬浮聚合的转化率和粒子尺寸分布

石油化工 1999年第9期28卷 595-600页

作者：陈中武汉化工学院化工系武汉430073

基于自由基悬浮聚合反应动力学和群体平衡模型，以苯乙烯为体系，建立了在循环反应器中间歇悬浮聚合过程转化率和成粒机理的数学模型。模型引入了凝胶效应模型和子粒相对分配函数，由此联用动力学模型和粒径分布模型解出苯乙烯聚合时... 详细信息

基于自由基悬浮聚合反应动力学和群体平衡模型，以苯乙烯为体系，建立了在循环反应器中间歇悬浮聚合过程转化率和成粒机理的数学模型。模型引入了凝胶效应模型和子粒相对分配函数，由此联用动力学模型和粒径分布模型解出苯乙烯聚合时的转化率和液滴尺寸分布，所得结果与实验值相当一致。

关键词：悬浮聚合转化率粒子尺寸分布凝胶效应

Pilot Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of a Natural Mineral Water Rich in Hydrogen Carbonate on Functional Dyspepsia and Heartburn

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期6卷 88-96页

作者： ute Pohl Annegret Auinger Gordana Bothe Ralf Uebelhack Analyze & realize GmbH Berlin Germany

Background: Dyspepsia and heartburn are among the most frequent complaints of the upper gastrointestinal tract impacting quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of drinking a natural mineral water (medicinal product category “Heilwasser” in Germany) high in hydrogen carbonate (Staatl. Fachingen STILL) on functional dyspeptic complaints and heartburn. Methods: 56 men and women with self-reported heartburn were enrolled to this one-arm pilot study. They had to drink 1.5 L of a hydrogen carbonate rich mineral water each day over a course of six weeks. Participants reported the number and duration of heartburn episodes in a daily dairy. The Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ), Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire (QOLRAD) and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GILQI) were used to assess the therapeutic course of the treatment and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to assess general quality of life. Mean ± standard deviation were calculated and pre- and post-treatment changes were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The consumption of a hydrogen carbonate rich mineral water decreased the number of heartburn episodes per week significantly by 4.8 ± 8.2 at the end of the study (p utes after six weeks of intervention (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the subjectively perceived severity of heartburn, regurgitation and dyspeptic complaints as well as the GERD dimension as assessed by Reflux Disease Questionnaire improved significantly. There was a significant improvement in the disease-specific quality of life as measured by the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (p < 0.001) and by the Quality Of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (p < 0.001) questionnaires and the general health-related quality of life as assessed by SF-12 (p < 0.007). Conclusions: The present pilot study provides evidence that supplementation with natural mineral water rich in hydr

关键词： Heartburn Dyspepsia Natural Mineral Water “Heilwasser” Pilot Study Hydrogen Carbonate

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壳牌对未来车用能源多元化发展趋势的思考

汽车安全与节能学报 2020年第1期11卷 17-35页

作者：贾恬郑彬 warnecke W Kolbeck A Aradi A Kofod M Clark R Wilbrand K 壳牌(上海)技术有限公司上海201210 Shell Global Solutions(Germany)GmbH Hamburg 21107Germany Shell Global Solutions US Inc Houston 77082-3101USA Shell Global Solutions(UK)Ltd London SE17NAUK

面对能源短缺和环境污染的双重挑战,交通领域的转型升级不可避免。本文结合未来车用动力系统的发展趋势,对交通运输领域中应用的多种先进动力系统、清洁能源及替代燃料进行综述和评价,包括目前主要使用的传统液态化石燃料即汽、柴油及... 详细信息

面对能源短缺和环境污染的双重挑战,交通领域的转型升级不可避免。本文结合未来车用动力系统的发展趋势,对交通运输领域中应用的多种先进动力系统、清洁能源及替代燃料进行综述和评价,包括目前主要使用的传统液态化石燃料即汽、柴油及先进内燃机技术,清洁替代燃料(如生物燃料、天然气合成油(GTL)燃料、电转液(PTL)燃料、液化天然气(LNG)等),以及电气化动力系统(包括混合动力、纯电动和燃料电池)等,并着重讨论液体燃料。壳牌认为没有一种单一的解决方案可以解决复杂的能源问题,未来交通能源结构将呈现多种能源并存的特点,并分别适用于不同的场景。该文还介绍了壳牌近期基于不同政治、经济和社会发展程度提出的3种远景(壳牌“高山”、“海洋”和“天空”远景),提出壳牌对未来车用能源领域转型脱碳发展情景的思考。

关键词：清洁替代燃料内燃机技术生物燃料天然气合成油(GTL) 电转液(PTL)燃料液化天然气(LNG) 电气化动力总成远景预测

TOM9.2 Is a Calmodulin-Binding Protein Critical for TOM Complex Assembly but Not for Mitochondrial Protein Import in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 575-589页

作者： Nargis Parvin Chris Carrie Isabelle Pabst Antonia Laber Debabrata Laha Melanie V. Paul Peter Geigenberger Ralf Heermann Kirsten Jung ute C. Vothknecht Fatima Chigri Department Biology I Botany Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich GroBhaderner Stra6e 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Department Biology 1 Microbiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Grobhaderner Strabe 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Department of Biology Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich 81377 Munich Germany Center for Plant Molecular Biology Plant Physiology University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tuebingen Germany present address: Plant Cell Biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 153115 Bonn Germany Present address: Center for Plant Molecular Biology Developmental Genetics University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tubingen Germany

The translocon on the outer membrane of mitochondria （TOM） facilitates the import of nuclear-encoded proteins. The principal machinery of mitochondrial protein transport seems conserved in eukaryotes; however, divergence in the composition and structure of TOM components has been observed between mammals, yeast, and plants. TOM9, the plant homolog of yeast Tom22, is significantly smaller due to a truncation in the cytosolic receptor domain, and its precise function is not understood. Here we provide evidence showing that TOM9.2 from Arabidopsis thaliana is involved in the formation of mature TOM com- plex, most likely by influencing the assembly of the pore-forming subunit TOM40. Dexamethasone- induced RNAi gene silencing of TOM9.2 results in a severe reduction in the mature TOM complex, and the assembly of newly imported TOM40 into the complex is impaired. Nevertheless, mutant plants are fully viable and no obvious downstream effects of the loss of TOM complex, i.e., on mitochondrial import ca- pacity, were observed. Furthermore, we found that TOM9.2 can bind calmodulin （CAM） in vitro and that CaM impairs the assembly of TOM complex in the isolated wild-type mitochondria, suggesting a regula- tory role of TOM9.2 and a possible integration of TOM assembly into the cellular calcium signaling network.

关键词： protein import plant mitochondria TOM complex calmodulin calcium signaling

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向癌肿病人宣告病情的临床观察

放射学实践 1992年第1期7卷 38-40页

作者： ute Schlmer 陈涛 Abt. f. Medizinische Psychologie Ⅱ. Medizinische Klinik und Abt. Strahlentherapie des Universitatskrankenhauses Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistraβe 52. Pavillon69'2000Hamburg 20 湖北省肿瘤医院

为了更好地理解癌症病人在极端困境的心情,尽力给以帮助,对癌症病人诊断前、中、后的思想状况进行了观察与研究。

关键词：肿瘤病情宣告