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National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique usman iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

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Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation with sphincterotomy is safe and effective for biliary stone removal independent of timing and size of sphincterotomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8597-8604页

作者： usman iqbal Aujla Nimzing Ladep Laura Dwyer Stephen Hood Nicholas Stern Richard Sturgess Digestive Diseases Unit Aintree University Hospital

AIM To describe the efficacy and safety of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation(EPLBD) in the management of bile duct stones in a Western population. METHODS Data was collected from the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and Radiology electronic database along with a review of case notes over a period of six years from 1 st August 2009 to 31 st July 2015 and incorporated into Microsoft excel. Statistical analyses were performed using Med Calc for Windows,version 12.5(Med Calc Software,Ostend,Belgium). Simple statistical applications were applied in order to determine whether significant differences exist in comparison groups. We initially used simple proportions to describe the study populations. Furthermore,we used chi-square test to compare proportions and categorical variables. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was applied in order to compare continuous variables. All comparisons were deemed to be statistically significant if P values were less than *** EPLBD was performed in 229 patients(46 females) with mean age of 68 ± 14.3 years. 115/229(50%) patients had failed duct clearance at previous ERCP referred from elsewhere with standard techniques. Duct clearance at the Index* ERCP(1 st ERCP at our centre) was 72.5%. Final duct clearance rate was 98%. EPLBD after fresh sphincterotomy was performed in 81(35.4%). Median balloon size was 13.5 mm(10-18). In addition to EPLBD,per-oral cholangioscopy(POC) and electrohydraulic lithotripsy(EHL) was performed in 35(15%) patients at index* ERCP. 63(27.5%) required repeat ERCP for stone clearance. 28(44.5%) required POC and EHL and 11(17.4%) had repeat EPLBD for complete duct clearance. Larger stone size(12.4 mm vs 17.4 mm,P < 0.000001),multiple stones(2,range(1-13) vs 3,range(1-12),P < 0.006) and dilated common bile duct(CBD)(12.4 mm vs 18.3 mm,P < 0.001) were significant predictors of failed duct clearance at index ERCP. 47 patients(20%) had ampullary or peri-ampullary diverticula. Proce

关键词： Endoscopic sphincterotomy endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Adverse events Common bile duct stones

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Numerical Treatment for Stochastic Computer Virus Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第8期120卷 445-465页

作者： Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Muhammad Naveed Muhammad usman iqbal Zubair Butt Hafiza Anum Naseem Javeria Nawaz Abbasi Department of Mathematics Stochastic Analysis&Optimization Research GroupAir UniversityPAF Complex E-9IslamabadPakistan Faculty of Engineering University of Central Punjab LahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Comsats UniversityPark Road Chak Shahzad CampusIslamabadPakistan Faculty of Computing National College of Business Administration and Economics LahorePakistan

This writing is an attempt to explain a reliable numerical treatment for stochastic computer virus *** are comparing the solutions of stochastic and deterministic computer virus *** paper reveals that a stochastic computer virus paradigm is pragmatic in contrast to the deterministic computer virus *** of threshold number C^?hold in stochastic computer virus *** C^?1 shows virus persists in the computer ***,stochastic numerical methods fail to cope with large step sizes of *** suggested structure of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)maintains all diverse characteristics such as dynamical consistency,boundedness and positivity as defined by *** numerical treatment for the stochastic computer virus model manifested that increasing the antivirus ability ultimates small virus dominance in a computer community.

关键词： Computer virus,euler maruyama scheme stochastic differential equations stochastic euler scheme stochastic runge-kutta scheme stochastic NSFD scheme stability

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Concepts of Safety Critical Systems Unification Approach &Security Assurance Process

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Journal of Information Security 2020年第4期11卷 292-303页

作者： Faisal Nabi Jianming Yong Xiaohui Tao Muhammad Saqib Malhi Umar Mahmood usman iqbal School of Management and Enterprise University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Australia Melbourne Institute of Technology Melbourne Australia

The security assurance of computer-based systems that rely on safety and security assurance, such as consistency, durability, efficiency and accessibility, require or need resources. This targets the System-of-Systems (SoS) problems with the exception of difficulties and concerns that apply similarly to subsystem interactions on a single system and system-as-component interactions on a large information system. This research addresses security and information assurance for safety-critical systems, where security and safety are addressed before going to actual implementation/development phase for component-based systems. For this purpose, require a conceptual idea or strategy that deals with the application logic security assurance issues. This may explore the vulnerability in single component or a reuse of specification in existing logic in component-based system. Keeping in view this situation, we have defined seven concepts of security assurance and security assurance design strategy for safety-critical systems.

关键词： System Security Assurance of Component Function Safety-Critical Software Software Assurance

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Consequences of Rényi entropy on the thermal geometries and Hawking evaporation of topological dyonic dilaton black hole

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 102-110页

作者： Muhammad Yasir Xia Tiecheng Muhammad usman Shahid Chaudhary Department of Mathematics Shanghai University and Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China Department of Natural Sciences and Humanities University of Engineering and Technology LahoreNew CampusPakistan

The thermodynamics of black holes(BHs)has had a profound impact on theoretical physics,providing insight into the nature of gravity,the quantum structure of spacetime and the fundamental laws governing the *** this study,we investigate thermal geometries and Hawking evaporation of the recently proposed topological dyonic dilaton BH in anti-de Sitter(Ad S)*** consider Rényi entropy and obtain the relations for pressure,heat capacity and Gibbs free energy and observe that the Rényi parameter and dilaton field play a vital role in the phase transition and stability of the ***,we use Weinhold,Ruppeiner and Hendi Panahiyah Eslam Momennia models to evaluate the scalar curvature of the BH and find out that the divergence points of the scalar curvature coincides with the zero of specific ***,using Stefan–Boltzmann law,we determine that the BH without a dilaton field evaporates far more quickly compared to the dilaton BH in Ad S space.

关键词： topological dyonic dilaton black hole phase transition thermal geometry Hawking evaporation

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Ultrahydrophobic melamine sponge via interfacial modification with reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite and polydimethylsiloxane for oily wastewater treatment

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 139-149页

作者： Hamidatu Alhassan Ying Woan Soon Anwar usman Voo Nyuk Yoong Department of Physics Universiti Brunei DarussalamBandar Seri Begawan BE1410Brunei Department of Chemical Sciences Universiti Brunei DarussalamBandar Seri Begawan BE1410Brunei

Three-dimensional(3D)porous absorbents have attracted significant attention in the oily wastewater treatment technology due to their high porosity and *** their amphiphilic surface,they have a propensity to simultaneously absorb water and oil,which restricts their range of *** this study,a reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanocomposite(rGO/TiO_(2))was used to fabricate an ultra-hydrophobic melamine sponge(MS)through interfacial modification using a solution immersion *** further modify it,poly-dimethylsiloxane(PDMS)was grafted onto its surface to establish stronger covalent bonds with the *** water contact angle of the sponge(rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS)was 164.2°,which satisfies the condition for *** evidence of its water repellency was demonstrated by the Cassie-Baxter theory and the lotus leaf *** a result of the increased density of rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS,it recorded an initial capacity that was 2 g/g lower than the raw MS for crude oil *** raw MS retained 53% of its initial absorption capacity after 20 cycles of absorption,while rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS retained 97%,suggesting good *** oil and organic solvent recovery(90%-96%)was demonstrated by rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS in oil-water *** a continuous separation system,it achieved a remarkable separation efficiency of 2.4×10^(6)L/(m^(3)·h),and in turbulent emulsion separation,it achieved a demulsification efficiency of 90%-91%.This study provides a practical substitute for massive oil spill cleaning.

关键词： Oily wastewater Reduced graphene oxide Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) Emulsion separation Melamine sponge

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On the interaction phenomena to the nonlinear generalized Hietarinta-type equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第1期9卷 89-97页

作者： usman Younas T.A.Sulaiman Jingli Ren A.Yusuf State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection/Henan Academy of Big Data Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Faculty of Science Federal University DutseJigawaNigeria Department of Computer Engineering Biruni University IstanbulTurkey

In this paper,we describe the nonlinear behavior of a generalized fourth-order Hietarinta-type equa-tion for dispersive waves in(2+1)*** various wave formations are retrieved by using Hirota’s bilinear method(HBM)and various test function *** Hirota method is a widely used and robust mathematical tool for finding soliton solutions of nonlinear partial differential equa-tions(NLPDEs)in a variety of disciplines like mathematical physics,nonlinear dynamics,oceanography,engineering sciences,and others requires bilinearization of nonlinear *** different wave structures in the forms of new breather,lump-periodic,rogue waves,and two-wave solutions are *** addi-tion,the physical behavior of the acquired solutions is illustrated in three-dimensional,two-dimensional,density,and contour profiles by the assistance of suitable *** on the obtained results,we can assert that the employed methodology is straightforward,dynamic,highly efficient,and will serve as a valuable tool for discussing complex issues in a diversity of domains specifically ocean and coastal *** have also made an important first step in understanding the structure and physical be-havior of complex structures with our findings *** believe this research is timely and relevant to a wide range of engineering *** results obtained are useful for comprehending the fundamental scenarios of nonlinear sciences.

关键词： Hirota’s bilinear method Lump-periodic solutions Breather waves Rouge waves Multi-waves

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Mixed plastics waste valorization to high-added value products via thermally induced phase separation and spin-casting

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第10期9卷 1627-1640页

作者： Junaid Saleem Moghal Zubair Khalid Baig usman Bin Shahid Rafael Luque Gordon McKay Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa University Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Universidad ECOTEC

Plastic waste is an underutilized resource that has the potential to be transformed into value-added ***,its chemical diversity leads to cost-intensive sorting techniques,limiting recycling and upcycling ***,we report an open-loop recycling method to produce graded feedstock from mixed polyolefins waste,which makes up 60%of total plastic *** method uses heat flow scanning to quantify the composition of plastic waste and resolves its compatibility through controlled *** resulting feedstock is then used to synthesize blended pellets,porous sorbents,and superhydrophobic coatings via thermally induced phase separation and *** hybrid approach broadens the opportunities for reusing plastic waste,which is a step towards creating a more circular economy and better waste management practices.

关键词： Plastic waste Valorization Superhydrophobic coatings Blended pellets Porous materials Sorbents

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Model Agnostic Meta-Learning(MAML)-Based Ensemble Model for Accurate Detection of Wheat Diseases Using Vision Transformer and Graph Neural Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2795-2811页

作者： Yasir Maqsood Syed Muhammad usman Musaed Alhussein Khursheed Aurangzeb Shehzad Khalid Muhammad Zubair Department of Creative Technologies Faculty of Computing and Artificial IntelligenceAir UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Bahria School of Engineering and Applied SciencesBahria UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Laboratory for Neuro&Psychophysiology KU LeuvenLeuven3000Belgium

Wheat is a critical crop,extensively consumed worldwide,and its production enhancement is essential to meet escalating *** presence of diseases like stem rust,leaf rust,yellow rust,and tan spot significantly diminishes wheat yield,making the early and precise identification of these diseases vital for effective disease *** advancements in deep learning algorithms,researchers have proposed many methods for the automated detection of disease pathogens;however,accurately detectingmultiple disease pathogens simultaneously remains a *** challenge arises due to the scarcity of RGB images for multiple diseases,class imbalance in existing public datasets,and the difficulty in extracting features that discriminate between multiple classes of disease *** this research,a novel method is proposed based on Transfer Generative Adversarial Networks for augmenting existing data,thereby overcoming the problems of class imbalance and data *** study proposes a customized architecture of Vision Transformers(ViT),where the feature vector is obtained by concatenating features extracted from the custom ViT and Graph Neural *** paper also proposes a Model AgnosticMeta Learning(MAML)based ensemble classifier for accurate *** proposedmodel,validated on public datasets for wheat disease pathogen classification,achieved a test accuracy of 99.20%and an F1-score of 97.95%.Compared with existing state-of-the-art methods,this proposed model outperforms in terms of accuracy,F1-score,and the number of disease pathogens *** future,more diseases can be included for detection along with some other modalities like pests and weed.

关键词： Wheat disease detection deep learning vision transformer graph neural network model agnostic meta learning

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Role of renin-angiotensin system/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 mechanism and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 606-622页

作者： Ashwin Kumar Shukla Komal Awasthi Kauser usman Monisha Banerjee Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory Department of ZoologyUniversity of LucknowLucknow 226007Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Medicine King Georges’Medical UniversityLucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia Institute of Advanced Molecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases(IAMGID)University of LucknowLucknow 226007Uttar PradeshIndia

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 *** has affected over 768 million people worldwide,resulting in approx-imately 6900000 ***-risk groups,identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,chronic lung disease,serious heart conditions,and chronic kidney *** indicates that those with T2DM face a hei-ghtened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic *** the renin-angiotensin system(RAS),a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability,reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and ACE2 *** converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II,while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7,a *** ACE2 exp-ression,common in diabetes,intensifies RAS activity,contributing to conditions like inflammation and *** ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels,concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes,potentially facilitating COVID-19 *** review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome cor-onavirus 2 infection and associated complications in *** treatment strategies,including recombinant human ACE2 therapy,broad-spectrum antiviral drugs,and epigenetic signature detection,are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.

关键词： Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin-II receptor blockers Complex diseases COVID-19 Type 2 diabetes

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