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Moisture regime influence on soil carbon stock and carbon sequestration rates in semi-arid forests of the National Capital Region, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2323-2332页

作者： urvashi Tomar Ratul Baishya Department of Botany University of DelhiDelhi 110007India

Understanding the dynamics of soil carbon is crucial for assessing the soil carbon storage and predicting the potential of mitigating carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the biomass and *** present study evaluated variations of soil carbon stock in semi-arid forests in India under diff erent moisture *** organic carbon(SOC)and soil inorganic carbon(SIC)stocks were determined in diff erent moisture regimes ***,post-monsoon,winter and pre-monsoon seasons at 0–10 and>10–20 cm *** stock showed signifi cant variations under different moisture *** highest SOC stock was during winter(22.81 Mg C ha−1)and lowest during the monsoon season(2.34 Mg C ha−1)among all the ridge forests under *** and SIC stock under diff erent moisture regimes showed signifi cant negative correlation with soil moisture(p<0.05),as a sudden increase in soil moisture after rainfall results in an increase in carbon loss due to microbial decomposition of accumulated carbon during the dry *** was an increase in annual SOC stock and a decrease(or no change in some cases),in SIC stock at both the depths during the study *** SOC and SIC sequestration rates were estimated as any increase/decrease in the respective stock during each successive *** sequestered ranged between 0.046 and 0.741 Mg C ha−1 y−***,SIC sequestration ranged between 0.013 and 0.023 Mg C ha−1 y−1 over all ridge forests up to 20 cm *** Delhi ridge forests,which accounts to 0.007%of the semi-arid regions of India,contribute 0.25–0.32%of the national potential(semi-arid region)for SOC sequestration up to 20 cm *** estimates of the rate of C sequestration in this study provide a realistic image of carbon dynamics under present climatic conditions of semi-arid forests,and could be used in developing a database and formulating new strategies for carbon dioxide mitigation by enhancing soil C sequestration rates.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Soil inorganic carbon Carbon sequestration Moisture regime Semi-arid forests

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Seasonality and moisture regime control soil respiration, enzyme activities, and soil microbial biomass carbon in a semi-arid forest of Delhi, India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 579-591页

作者： urvashi Tomar Ratul Baishya Ecology&Ecosystem Research Laboratory Department of BotanyUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India

Soil respiration,soil enzymes,and microbial biomass are important in carbon cycling in the terrestrial ecosystem which is generally limited by environmental factors and soil carbon ***,we tried to assess the factors affecting the functional aspects of these processes in a semi-arid *** monitored soil respiration(surface)using a portable infrared gas analyzer(Q-Box SR1LP Soil Respiration Package,Qubit Systems,Canada)equipped with a soil respiration chamber(Model:G 180).Soil respiration was measured at midday during each season throughout the study *** enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)were analyzed following the standard protocol for a year during peak time in four seasons at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm *** respiration shows significant variation with highest in monsoon(3.31μmol CO2 m−2 s^(−1))and lowest in winter(0.57μmol CO2 m^(−2) s^(−1)).Similarly,β-glucosidase,dehydrogenase,and phenol oxidase activity ranged from 11.15 to 212.59μg PNP g^(−1) DW h^(−1),0.11 to 16.47μg TPF g^(−1) DW h^(−1),and 4102.95 to 10187.55μmol ABTS+g^(−1) DW min^(−1),*** ranged from 17.08 to 484.5μgCg^(−1).Besides,soil respiration,soil enzymes(exceptβ-glucosidase),and MBC were significantly correlated with soil ***,optimum moisture and temperature played a significant role in determining variations in soil microbiological processes(exceptβ-glucosidase activity);the carbon cycling in the study area is assisted by enzyme activity;dehydrogenase and phenol oxidase played a significant role in soil respiration;hence,this landscape is sensitive to environmental changes.

关键词： Soil respiration Enzyme activities Microbial biomass carbon Seasons Semi-arid forest

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Multifunctional Bidirectional Charging System for EVs and Grid with Improved Power Quality Using a Sparse Proportionate-NLMF Based Method

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第3期9卷 1203-1213页

作者： Dulichand Jaraniya urvashi Gupta Shailendra Kumar Arvind Mittal department of Electrical Engineering Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal(M.P.)India Energy Centre Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal(M.P.)India

Electric vehicles(EVs)are one of the more emerging and significant areas,representing the future of ***,the increased demand for EVs brings greater attention toward the development of the charging ***,this paper addresses the multifunctional charging system integrated with the grid,EV battery and household *** presents an improved idea about the charging system with grid connection and its connection to the varying local nonlinear *** consists of a voltage source converter(VSC)tied to the grid and bidirectional converter,which charges/discharges the battery and also regulates the constant voltage across the DC bus,where all the vehicles are connected for *** also shows the operations of charging/discharging the battery of EVs and the voltage and current profile across the battery as per the state of charge(SOC)***,the sparse constrained proportionate normalized least mean fourth(SCP-NLMF)based method is used to control the charging system by estimating the active component of load *** derived mean square error(MSE)of load current is improved due to low convergence rates in later *** adaptation process becomes more accurate by mitigating the MSE error of load current to converge faster and the dynamic response is further *** simulated and tested results validate the accuracy and efficacy of the SCPNLMF technique and charging system.

关键词： Multifunctional charging power quality SCPNLMF voltage source converter

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Chained Dual-Generative Adversarial Network:A Generalized Defense Against Adversarial Attacks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2541-2555页

作者： Amitoj Bir Singh Lalit Kumar Awasthi urvashi Mohammad Shorfuzzaman Abdulmajeed Alsufyani Mueen Uddin National Institute of Technology JalandharPB 144001India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia School of Digital Science University Brunei DarussalamJln Tungku LinkGadongBE1410Brunei Darussalam

Neural networks play a significant role in the field of image *** an input image is modified by adversarial attacks,the changes are imperceptible to the human eye,but it still leads to misclassification of the *** have demonstrated these attacks to make production self-driving cars misclassify StopRoad signs as 45 Miles Per Hour(MPH)road signs and a turtle being misclassified as *** primary types of defense approaches exist which can safeguard against such attacks i.e.,Gradient Masking,Robust Optimization,and Adversarial Example *** few approaches use Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN)for Defense against Adversarial *** this paper,we create a new approach to defend against adversarial attacks,dubbed Chained Dual-Generative Adversarial Network(CD-GAN)that tackles the defense against adversarial attacks by minimizing the perturbations of the adversarial image using iterative oversampling and undersampling using ***-GAN is created using two GANs,i.e.,CDGAN’s Sub-ResolutionGANandCDGAN’s *** first is CDGAN’s Sub-Resolution GAN which takes the original resolution input image and oversamples it to generate a lower resolution neutralized *** second is CDGAN’s Super-Resolution GAN which takes the output of the CDGAN’s Sub-Resolution and undersamples,it to generate the higher resolution image which removes any remaining *** Dual GAN is formed by chaining these two GANs *** of these GANs are trained ***’s Sub-Resolution GAN is trained using higher resolution adversarial images as inputs and lower resolution neutralized images as output image ***,this GAN downscales the image while removing adversarial attack ***’s Super-Resolution GAN is trained using lower resolution adversarial images as inputs and higher resolution neutralized images as output *** of this,it acts as an Upscaling GAN while removing the adversarial a

关键词： Adversarial attacks GAN-based adversarial defense image classification models adversarial defense

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Fusion-Based Deep Learning Model for Hyperspectral Images Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 939-957页

作者： Kriti Mohd Anul Haq urvashi Garg Mohd Abdul Rahim Khan V.Rajinikanth Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information ScienceMajmaah UniversityAL-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering St.Joseph’s College of EngineeringChennai600119Tamil NaduIndia

A crucial task in hyperspectral image(HSI)taxonomy is exploring effective methodologies to effusively practice the 3-D and spectral data delivered by the statistics *** classification of images,3-D data is adjudged in the phases of pre-cataloging,an assortment of a sample,classifiers,post-cataloging,and accurateness ***,a viewpoint on imminent examination directions for proceeding 3-D and spectral approaches is *** topical years,sparse representation is acknowledged as a dominant classification tool to effectually labels deviating difficulties and extensively exploited in several imagery dispensation *** by those efficacious solicitations,sparse representation(SR)has likewise been presented to categorize HSI’s and validated virtuous *** research paper offers an overview of the literature on the classification of HSI technology and its *** assessment is centered on a methodical review of SR and support vector machine(SVM)grounded HSI taxonomy works and equates numerous approaches for this *** form an outline that splits the equivalent mechanisms into spectral aspects of systems,and spectral–spatial feature networks to methodically analyze the contemporary accomplishments in HSI ***,cogitating the datum that accessible training illustrations in the remote distinguishing arena are generally appropriate restricted besides training neural networks(NNs)to necessitate an enormous integer of illustrations,we comprise certain approaches to increase taxonomy enactment,which can deliver certain strategies for imminent learnings on this ***,numerous illustrative neural learning-centered taxonomy approaches are piloted on physical HSI’s in our experimentations.

关键词： Hyperspectral images feature reduction(FR) support vector machine(SVM) semi supervised learning(SSL) markov random fields(MRFs) composite kernels(CK) semi-supervised neural network(SSNN)

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Non-Negative Minimum Volume Factorization (NMVF) for Hyperspectral Images (HSI) Unmixing: A Hybrid Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3705-3720页

作者： Kriti Mahajan urvashi Garg Nitin Mittal Yunyoung Nam Byeong-Gwon Kang Mohamed Abouhawwash Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh UniversityPunjab140413India Skill Faculty of Science and Technology Shri Vishwakarma Skill UniversityPalwal121102India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Computational Mathematics Scienceand Engineering(CMSE)College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA

Spectral unmixing is essential for exploitation of remotely senseddata of Hyperspectral Images (HSI). It amounts to the identification of a position of spectral signatures that are pure and therefore called end members andtheir matching fractional, draft rules abundances for every pixel in HSI. Thispaper aims to unmix hyperspectral data using the minimal volume methodof elementary scrutiny. Moreover, the problem of optimization is solved bythe implementation of the sequence of small problems that are constrainedquadratically. The hard constraint in the final step for the abundance fractionis then replaced with a loss function of hinge type that accounts for outlinersand noise. Existing algorithms focus on estimating the endmembers (Ems)enumeration in a sight, discerning of spectral signs of EMs, besides assessmentof fractional profusion for every EM in every pixel of a sight. Nevertheless, allthe stages are performed by only a few algorithms in the process of hyperspectral unmixing. Therefore, the Non-negative Minimum Volume Factorization(NMVF) algorithm is further extended by fusing it with the nonnegativematrix of robust collaborative factorization that aims to perform all the threeunmixing chain steps for hyperspectral images. The major contributions ofthis article are in this manner: (A) it performs Simplex analysis of minimum volume for hyperspectral images with unsupervised linear unmixing isemployed. (B) The simplex analysis method is configured with an exaggeratedform of the elementary which is delivered by vertical component analysis(VCA). (C) The inflating factor is chosen carefully inactivating the constraintsin a large majority for relating to the source fractions abundance that speedsup the algorithm. (D) The final step is making simplex analysis method robustto outliners as well as noise that replaces the profusion element positivity hardrestraint by a hinge kind soft restraint, preserving the local minima havinggood quality. (E) The matrix factorizati

关键词： Hyperspectral Imaging minimum volume simplex source separation end member extraction non-negative minimum volume factorization(NMVF) endmembers(EMs)

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Immunosuppressive regimens and outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease patients requiring kidney transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第2期12卷 21-23页

作者： urvashi Singh Baljit Singh Maria Irene Bellini Department of Surgery Wythenshawe HospitalManchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Department of Colorectal Surgery University Hospitals LeicesterLeicester LE15WWUnited Kingdom Department of Surgical Sciences Sapienza UniversityRoma 00161Italy

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)can develop extra-renal complications and as a result,suffer from end stage renal failure requiring kidney transplantation(KT).A brief review of available literature revealed that IBD patients undergoing KT have shorter overall survival rates compared to their *** reporting steroid regimens and survival outcomes specific to IBD and post kidney transplant are scarce and these studies have small sample sizes thus making it difficult to draw accurate *** research is required in the form of a randomized controlled study to clarify the effect and mechanism of steroid immunosuppression on the prognosis of renal transplant recipients and explore new treatment schemes.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Kidney transplantation Steroids Immunosuppression Kidney failure Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease

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Determination of Cusp Number and Occlusal Groove Pattern in Mandibular Molars:A Preliminary Epidemiological Study in an Indian Population

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2016年第2期2卷 98-101页

作者： urvashi Ashwin Shetty Pushparaja Shetty Audrey Madonna D’Cruz Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology and 1Public Health Dentistry A.B.Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental ScienceNitte UniversityMangaloreKarnatakaIndia

Teeth are excellent material in living and nonliving populations for anthropological,genetic,odontologic,and forensic *** present study aims to study the number of a number of cusps in the first and second mandibular molar and to assess the frequency and expression of different types of occlusal groove *** cross‑sectional study is carried *** hundred patients attending the Outpatient Department of the hospital were recruited for the study based on exclusion and inclusion *** examination was done,and the morphological details of the crown(the number of cusps)were *** casts of the mandibular teeth were *** occlusal grooves were highlighted by using Indian ink and observed under the 2×magnification for the groove pattern(+or y type).Descriptive statistics were carried out for the *** the case of mandibular first molar,the 5 cusp form was the most frequent occlusal configuration(82%)followed by 6 cusp variety(12%)and 4 cusp variety(4%)*** predominant occlusal groove pattern seen in mandibular first molar was“y”shape(65%)followed by“+”pattern(28%).Hence,the most frequent occlusal surface configuration in case of first mandibular molar was“y5”*** the case of mandibular second molar,the 4 cusp form was the most frequent occlusal configuration(86%),followed by 5 cusp type(12%)*** predominant occlusal groove pattern seen in mandibular second molar was a“+”shape(85%)followed by“y”pattern(11%).Hence,the most frequent occlusal surface configuration in case of mandibular second molar was“+4”*** study of dental morphological characteristics is important in forensic and anthropological research as it can provide information on the phylogenetic relationship between species,as well as variation and diversities within a population.

关键词： Anthropology cusp dentistry forensic occlusal groove teeth

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l-Mixing Collision in Presence of Microwave Field

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第1期3卷 28-36页

作者： urvashi Arya Brijender Dahiya Vinod Prasad 不详

We have studied excitation of multilevel Na-Rydberg atom due to collision with proton in the presence of variable laser field. The interaction of laser field and Na-Rydberg atom is explored using non perturbative Floquet technique. The transition probability is calculated at different laser frequencies (GHz), projectile velocities and impact-parameter. We have also calculated total cross-section for near resonant energy transfer collision of proton with Na-Rydberg atom at different frequencies.

关键词： l-Mixing Floquet Technique Cross Section

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Anthropometric Markers as a Paradigm for Obesity Risk Assessment

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第2期8卷 1-16页

作者： Anita Garg Mangla Neeru Dhamija urvashi Gupta Meenal Dhall Department of Biochemistry Daulat Ram College University of Delhi Delhi India Department of Anthropology University of Delhi Delhi India

Background: Quantification of obesity/adiposity is feasible with different anthropometric characteristics along with the bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques. Recent advancements are now witnessing development of further computations derived from previously established measures to gauge obesity. Objective: Main aim of our study was to evaluate the association of anthropometric determinants of obesity with body compositional adiposity variables, and thus identifying the best marker among them emerging out as the probable predictor for compositional adiposity. Participants and Setting: 550 female participants within the age of 18 to 23 years were enrolled under this study attending graduation course at University of Delhi. Ethical clearance was received from the institutional head. Informed written consent was taken from every participant. Design: All the body measurements were recorded by trained staff using standard techniques. Derived measurements were calculated further. Analysis: Data, hence, gathered was undertaken for descriptive and infer-ential statistical analysis with SPSS 20.0. Variables Measured and Results: WHR over-estimated the count for those at risk compared to waist circumference and WHtR. Skeletal muscle fat associated negatively with all anthropometric adiposity indicators. BMI, BAI, WHtR and waist circumference related closely with all body composition cum obesity markers compared to WHR, CI and ABSI. BAI overrated the risk for fat determining body composition parameters the most followed by BMI. ABSI revealed an underestimated risk for augmenting fat content in body, compared to other markers. Conclusion and Implications: It is difficult to establish with compliance as to which of the measures used in the study could better predict the perils of obesity but it could be ascertained that some of the newly verified anthropometric adiposity indicators could be administered for determining clinical situations after further validation.

关键词： Adiposity Anthropometric Markers Risk Body Fat Obesity

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