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Unsupervised intrusion detection system for in-vehicle communication networks

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 119-129页

作者： Kabilan n vinayakumar Ravi v Sowmya Center for Computational Engineering and networking(CEn) Amrita School of Artificial InteligenceAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Center for Artificial Intlligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia

In-vehicle communication has been optimized day to day to keep updated of the *** area network(CAn)is used as a standard communication method because of its efficient and reliable ***,CAn is prone to several network level attacks because of its lack in security *** methods have been introduced to incorporate this in *** proposed an unsupervised method of intrusion detection for in-vehicle communication networks by combining the optimal feature extracting ability of autoencoders and more precise clustering using fuzzy C-means(FCM).The proposed method is light weight and requires less computation *** performed an extensive experiment and achieved an accuracy of 75.51%with the ML35o in-vehicle intrusion *** experimental result,the proposed method also works better for other intrusion detection problems like wireless intrusion detection datasets such as WnS-DS with accuracy of 84.05%and network intrusion detection datasets such as KDDCup with accuracy 60.63%,UnSW_nB15 with accuracy 73.62%and Information Security Center of Excellence(Iscx)with accuracy 74.83%.Overall,the proposed method outperforms the existing methods and avoids labeled datasets when training an in-vehicle intrusion detection *** results of the experiment of our proposed method performed on various intru-sion detection datasets indicate that the proposed approach is generalized and robust in detecting intrusions and can be effectively deployed in real time to monitor CAn traffic in vehicles and proactively alert during attacks.

关键词： Controlarea network Intrusiondetection Unsupervised learning Autoencoders Fuzzy C-means

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Resistance in hybrid derivatives of Lycopersicon accessions against leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab.

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 141-146页

作者： n. Muthukumaran v. Selvanarayanan Department of Entomology Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India

Four tomato accessions, namely Ac 238, Roma, Seijima Jeisei and varushanadu Local selected from preliminary screening of 321 accessions and their hybrid derivatives, namely HYtF：（varushanadu Local × Ac 238）, HY2F1（varushanadu Local × Roma）, HY3F1 （Ac 238 × Roma）（first generation）, HY1F2, HY2F2 and HY3F2 （second generation） were evaluated for their resistance in comparison with a susceptible check, 1979 against the leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. both under field and laboratory conditions at Annamalainagar, Tamil nadu, India. In the field evaluation, accession Seijima Jeisei and hybrid HY3F1 recorded the minimum larval population. In glasshouse and laboratory studies, Seijima Jeisei was the least preferred by S. litura for both feeding and oviposition. The hybrid HYsF： exerted pronounced antibiosis effect on S. litura. Among the various biophysical and biochemical bases of resistance, contents of reducing sugar and phenol were found negatively correlated with S. litura larval feeding. Among the hybrids, HY3F1 and HY3F2 and the parent Seijima Jeisei recorded higher fruit yield per plant in both seasons. Considerable variation in the resistance traits of the hybrids was observed when compared with the parents.

关键词： hybrid derivatives resistance Spodoptera litura tomato accession

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Modeling large reversible electric-field-induced strain in ferroelectric materials using 90° orientation switching

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 141-147页

作者： Roderick v. n. MELnIK Mathematical Modelling and Computational Sciences Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo 75 University Ave W Canada N2L 3C5

Reversible large electric-field-induced strain caused by reversible orientation switchings in BaTiO3 is modeled using the Landau's theory of phase transition. A triple well free energy function is constructed. Each of its minima is associated with one of the polarization orientations involved. nonlinear constitu- tive laws accounting for reversible orientation switchings and electrostriction effects are obtained by using thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Hysteretic dynamics of one-dimensional structures is described by coupled nonlinear differential equations. Double hysteretic loops in the electric and me- chanic fields are both successfully modeled. Giant reversible electrostriction is modeled as a conse-quence of reversible orientation switchings via electro-mechanical couplings. Comparisons with ex-perimental results reported in literatures are presented.

关键词： large electrostriction reversible switchings double hysteresis differential model

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Quantum dynamics of charge transfer on the one-dimensional lattice:Wave packet spreading and recurrence

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第1期25卷 817-830页

作者： v n Likhachev O I Shevaleevskii G A vinogradov Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences

The wave function temporal evolution on the one-dimensional （ID） lattice is considered in the tight-binding approxi- mation. The lattice consists of n equal sites and one impurity site （donor）. The donor differs from other lattice sites by the on-site electron energy E and the intersite coupling C. The moving wave packet is formed from the wave function initially localized on the donor. The exact solution for the wave packet velocity and the shape is derived at different values E and C. The velocity has the maximal possible group velocity v = 2. The wave packet width grows with time -t1/3 and its amplitude decreases ,- t-1/3. The wave packet reflects multiply from the lattice ends. Analytical expressions for the wave packet front propagation and recurrence are in good agreement with numeric simulations.

关键词： quantum dynamics tight-binding approximation charge transport

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Dynamics of acousto-rheological properties of polymerized materials on their solidification

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Rare Metals 2007年第S1期26卷 1-4页

作者： RIMLYAnD v I BAKHAnTSOv A v STARIKOvA v n Physics Department Automation of Physical and Technical Measurements LaboratoryPacific National University

An automated system was designed to study in a continuous regime the rheological properties of the care polymeric compositions using the damped vibration *** a parallel mode measurements of rheological and acoustic characteristics of the care compositions were made on the basis of epoxy *** of shear modulus,viscosity,the sound speed,and the damping coefficient as functions of polymerization were *** of spectral characteristics of acoustic signals in the polymerization were *** of the experimental results obtained reveals that the dynamics of the variation of acoustic and rheological properties is significantly *** major change of acoustic characteristics occurs in the initial stage of the solid state formation when a transition from a liquid-to-gel like state takes *** characteristics vary dramatically at the crossover from a high-viscosity to solid *** the frequency dependencies of an acoustic signal a number of essential features were observed.

关键词： viscosity acoustic properties shear modulus polymerization composition

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Influence of high-temperature convective flow on viability of Scots pine needles(Pinus sylvestris L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1489-1497页

作者： I.G.Gette n.v.Pakharkova I.v.Kosov I.n.Bezkorovaynaya Siberian Federal University 79 SvobodnyKrasnoyarskRussia 660041 Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of SB RAS”50 AkademgorodokKrasnoyarsk 660036Russia

During a forest fire,plants are affected by high temperatures causing *** the time of burning,it is difficult to record temperature changes in tree crowns and the associated effects on *** paper presents the results of modelling a high-temperature effect simulating a convective flow from a ground *** of the response was carried out by the parameters of rapid fluorescence(Fv/Fm,ETR),the state of the pigment complex,and the relative water content in the *** characterize the degree of heat endurance and short-term effects concerning thermal damage,saplings of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)were used at different times during the growing season(June,July,August,September).Experimental heating at 55℃ lasted for 5 and 10 *** were different levels of heat resistance by the *** in June show that heating of the saplings significantly suppressed *** July,August,and September,the photochemical quantum yield(Fv/Fm)was restored to 75%and 60%from the initial level after 5-and 10-min heating,*** electron transport rate(ETR)for saplings in September was restored to their initial level within 3 days after a short heat *** of the photosynthetic activity in needles was observed after a 5-min impact,but by the end of the study period,restoration had not reached control values.A longer heating of 10 min resulted in an irreversible suppression of photosynthesis and destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus,as evidenced by the decrease in the number of photosynthetic pigments.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris Heat stress Chlorophyll Fluorescence Forest fires

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Diffusivity Models and Greenhouse Gases Fluxes from a Forest,Pasture,Grassland and Corn Field in northern Hokkaido,Japan

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 747-760页

作者： n.v.nKOnGOLO R.HATAnO v.KAKEMBO Harvard Forest Faculty of Arts and SciencesHarvard University Laboratory of Science Division of Environmental ResourcesGraduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University Department of Geosciences School of Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceNelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Information on the most influential factors determining gas flux from soils is needed in predictive models for greenhouse gases emissions. We conducted an intensive soil and air sampling along a 2 000 m transect extending from a forest, pasture, grassland and corn field in Shizunai, Hokkaido （Japan）, measured CO2, CH4, n20 and nO fluxes and calculated soil bulk density （Pb）, air-filled porosity （fa） and total porosity （Ф）. Using diffusivity models based on either fa alone or on a combination of fa and 4, we predicted two pore space indices： the relative gas diffusion coefficient （Ds/Do） and the pore tortuosity factor （T）. The relationships between pore space indices （Ds/Do and T） and C02, CH4, n2O and nO fluxes were also studied. Results showed that the grassland had the highest Pb while fa and Ф were the highest in the forest. CO2, CH4, n20 and nO fluxes were the highest in the grassland while n20 dominated in the corn field. Few correlations existed between fa, Ф, Pb and gases fluxes while all models predicted that Ds/Do and T significantly correlated with CO2 and CH4 with correlation coefficient （r） ranging from 0.20 to 0.80. Overall, diffusivity models based on fa alone gave higher Ds/Do, lower τ, and higher R2 and better explained the relationship between pore space indices （Ds/Do and τ） and gases fluxes. Inclusion of Ds/Do and τ in predictive models will improve our understanding of the dynamics of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils. Ds/Do and τ can be easily obtained by measurements of soil air and water and existing diffusivity models.

关键词： air-filled porosity gas diffusion coefficient pore space indices pore tortuosity factor soil bulk density

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nonlinear stability of advanced sandwich cylindrical shells comprising porous functionally graded material and carbon nanotube reinforced composite layers under elevated temperature

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第9期42卷 1327-1348页

作者： H.v.TUnG L.T.n.TRAnG Faculty of Civil Engineering Hanoi Architectural UniversityHa Noi 10000Viet Nam Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Transport TechnologyHa Noi 10000Viet Nam

The nonlinear stability of sandwich cylindrical shells comprising porous functionally graded material(FGM) and carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CnTRC)layers subjected to uniform temperature rise is investigated. Two sandwich models corresponding to CnTRC and FGM face sheets are proposed. Carbon nanotubes(CnTs) in the CnTRC layer are embedded into a matrix according to functionally graded distributions. The effects of porosity in the FGM and the temperature dependence of properties of all constituent materials are considered. The effective properties of the porous FGM and CnTRC are determined by using the modified and extended versions of a linear mixture rule, respectively. The basic equations governing the stability problem of thin sandwich cylindrical shells are established within the framework of the Donnell shell theory including the von K’arm’an-Donnell nonlinearity. These equations are solved by using the multi-term analytical solutions and the Galerkin method for simply supported *** critical buckling temperatures and postbuckling paths are determined through an iteration procedure. The study reveals that the sandwich shell model with a CnTRC core layer and relatively thin porous FGM face sheets can have the best capacity of thermal load carrying. In addition, unlike the cases of mechanical loads, porosities have beneficial effects on the nonlinear stability of sandwich shells under the thermal load. It is suggested that an appropriate combination of advantages of FGM and CnTRC can result in optimal efficiency for advanced sandwich structures.

关键词： carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CnTRC) porous functionally graded material(FGM) thermal instability cylindrical shell advanced sandwich model

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Free vibration characteristics of sectioned unidirectional/bidirectional functionally graded material cantilever beams based on finite element analysis

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第12期41卷 1787-1804页

作者： n.v.vIET W.ZAKI Quan WAnG Department of Mechanical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shantou UniversityShantou 515063Guangdong ProvinceChina

Advancements in manufacturing technology,including the rapid development of additive manufacturing(AM),allow the fabrication of complex functionally graded material(FGM)sectioned *** of these beams may be made from different materials with possibly different gradients of material *** present work proposes models to investigate the free vibration of FGM sectioned beams based on onedimensional(1D)finite element *** this purpose,a sample beam is divided into discrete elements,and the total energy stored in each element during vibration is computed by considering either the Timoshenko or Euler-Bernoulli beam ***,Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the equations of motion for the *** effects of material properties and dimensions of FGM sections on the beam’s natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes are then investigated based on a dynamic Timoshenko model(TM).The presented model is validated by comparison with three-dimensional(3D)finite element simulations of the first three mode shapes of the beam.

关键词： finite element model(FEM) dynamics functionally graded material(FGM) Timoshenko beam theory

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Analysis of non-ionized substance losses in experiments on plasma mass separation

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第8期24卷 124-129页

作者： R A USMAnOv n n AnTOnOv A v GAvRIKOv G D LIZIAKIn A D MELnIKOv A P OILER v P SMIRnOv R A TIMIRKHAnOv L S vOLKOv n A vOROnA Laboratory of Electrophysical and Plasma Devices Joint Institute for High TemperatureMoscow 125412Russia

Plasma mass separation requires a lot of diagnostic techniques that not only demonstrate the separation effect but also show the efficiency of the *** the test experiments,plasma flux to be separated may contain neutral particles that avoid the separation process due to their insensitivity to electromagnetic *** present the diagnostics of the lost substance in experiments on plasma mass *** obtained data of the diagnostics helps determine the law of particle evaporation from the plasma *** show that neutral flux is unable to distort the result of separation *** presented approach can be used in experiments aimed at enhancing the separation effect and achieving target productivity for industry applications.

关键词： plasma mass separation plasma diagnostics lead silver film deposition

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