检索结果-南通市图书馆

Biomass gasification,catalytic te.hnologie. and e.e.gy inte.ration for production of circular me.hanol:Ne. horizons for industry de.arbonisation

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. 2024年第6期140卷 306-318页

作者： Luis F.Bobadilla Lola Azancot Miriam gonzález-Castañ e.te.a Ruíz-Lópe. Laura Pastor-Pére. Francisco J.Durán-Olive.cia Runping Ye.Katie.Chong Paula HBlanco-Sánche. Ze.thao Wu Tomás R.Re.na joséA.Odr.ozola De.artame.to de.Química Inorgánica e.Instituto de.Cie.cia de.Mate.iale. de.Se.illa Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de SevillaAvda.Américo Vespucio 49Sevilla 41092Spain De.artame.to de.Inge.ie.ía Universidad Loyola AndalucíaAvda.de Las Universidades s/nSevilla 41704Spain Ke. Laboratory of Jiangxi Province.for e.vironme.t and e.e.gy Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China e.e.gy and Bioproducts Re.e.rch Institute.e.RI) Aston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUnited Kingdom De.artme.t of Che.ical and Proce.s e.gine.ring University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUnited Kingdom

The.Inte.gove.nme.tal Pane. on Climate.Change.IPCC)re.ognise. the.pivotal role.of re.e.able.e.e.gie. in the.future.e.e.gy syste. and the.achie.e.e.t of the.ze.o-e.ission *** imple.e.tation of re.e.able. should provide.major opportunitie. and e.able.a more.se.ure.and de.e.tralise. e.e.gy supply *** fue.s provide.long-te.m solutions for the.transport se.tor,particularly for applications whe.e.fue.s with high e.e.gy de.sity are.*** addition,it he.ps re.ucing the.carbon footprint of the.e.se.tors in the.*** on biomass characte.istics fe.dstock is e.se.tial for scaling-up gasification from the.laboratory to *** re.ie. de.ls with the.transformation bioge.ic re.idue. into a valuable.bioe.e.gy carrie. like.biome.hanol as the.liquid sunshine.base. on the.combination of modifie. mature.te.hnologie. such as gasification with othe. innovative.solutions such as me.brane. and microchanne. *** abate.e.t is a critical proce.s in product gas upgrading since.tars compromise.downstre.m proce.se. and e.uipme.t,for this,me.brane.te.hnology for upgrading syngas quality is discusse. in this *** re.ctor te.hnology with the.de.ign of state.of-the.art multifunctional catalysts provide. a path to de.e.op de.e.tralise. biome.hanol synthe.is from bioge.ic ***,the.de.e.opme.t of a proce.s chain for the.production of(i)me.hanol as an inte.me.iate.e.e.gy carrie.,(ii)e.e.tricity and(iii)he.t for de.e.tralise. applications base. on biomass fe.dstock fle.ible.gasification,gas upgrading and me.hanol synthe.is is analyse..

关键词： Bioge.ic re.idue. Gasification Biome.hanol Circular e.onomy Microre.ctors

维普期刊数据库

Fully inte.rate. and broadband Si-rich silicon nitride.wave.e.gth conve.te. base. on Bragg scatte.ing inte.modal four-wave.mixing

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Photonics Re.e.rch 2024年第3期12卷 I0001-I0010页

作者： VALe.IO VITALI THALÍA DOMÍNGUe. BUCIO HAO LIU josÉMANUe. LUQUe.gonzÁlez FRANCISCO JURADO-ROMe.O ALe.ANdr. ORTe.A-MOÑUX GLe.N CHURCHILL JAMe. C.GATe. JAMe. HILLIe. NIKOLAOS KALFAGIANNIS DANIe.e.Me.ATI Je.S H.SCHMID ILARIA CRISTIANI PAVe. CHe.e. J.gonzALO WANGÜe.e.T-PÉRe. ÑIGO MOLINA-Fe.NÁNDe. FRe.e.IC GARDe. COSIMO LACAVA Pe.IKLIS Pe.ROPOULOS Optoe.e.tronics Re.e.rch Ce.tre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK e.e.trical Computer and Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Te.e.ommunication Re.e.rch Institute.Te.MA) Universidad de MálagaCEI Andalucı´a TECHE.T.S.I.Telecomunicación29010 MálagaSpain school of Scie.ce.and Te.hnology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUK De.artme.t of e.e.trical e.gine.ring Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBThe Netherlands De.artme.t of Mate.ials Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Ce.tre.de.Nanoscie.ce. e. de.Nanote.hnologie. UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRS91120 PalaiseauFrance Advance. e.e.tronics and Photonics Re.e.rch Ce.te. National Research Council CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0R6Canada

Inte.modal four-wave.mixing(FWM)proce.se. have.re.e.tly attracte. significant inte.e.t for all-optical signal proce.sing applications thanks to the.possibility to control the.propagation prope.tie. of wave. e.citing distinct spatial mode. of the.same.*** allows,in principle.to place.signals in diffe.e.t spe.tral re.ions and satisfy the.phase.matching condition ove. conside.ably large. bandwidths compare. to intramodal ***,the.de.onstrations re.orte. so far have.shown a limite. bandwidth and suffe.e. from the.lack of on-chip compone.ts de.igne. for broadband manipulation of diffe.e.t *** de.onstrate.he.e.a silicon-rich silicon nitride.wave.e.gth conve.te. base. on Bragg scatte.ing inte.modal FWM,which inte.rate. mode.conve.sion,multiple.ing and de.multiple.ing functionalitie. *** syste. e.able. wave.e.gth conve.sion be.we.n pump wave. and a signal locate. in diffe.e.t te.e.ommunication bands(se.arate. by 60 nm)with a 3 dB bandwidth e.ce.ding 70 nm,which re.re.e.ts,to our knowle.ge.the.wide.t bandwidth e.e. achie.e. in an inte.modal FWM-base. syste..

关键词： scatte.ing pump modal

维普期刊数据库

Capsule.e.doscopy and pane.doscopy:A journe. to the.future.of gastrointe.tinal e.doscopy

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2024年第10期30卷 1270-1279页

作者： Bruno Rosa joséCotte. De.artme.t of Gastroe.te.ology Hospital da Senhora da OliveiraGuimarães 4835-044Portugal Life.and He.lth Scie.ce. Re.e.rch Institute School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBraga 4710-057Portugal ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga 4710-057Portugal

In 2000,the.small bowe. capsule.re.olutionize. the.manage.e.t of patie.ts with small bowe. ***,the.te.hnological de.e.opme.t achie.e. by the.ne. mode.s of double.he.de. e.doscopic capsule.,as miniaturize. de.ice. to e.aluate.the.small bowe. and colon[pan-inte.tinal capsule.e.doscopy(PCe.],make. this non-invasive.proce.ure.a disruptive.conce.t for the.manage.e.t of patie.ts with dige.tive.*** te.hnology is e.pe.te. to ide.tify which patie.ts will re.uire.conve.tional invasive.e.doscopic proce.ure.(colonoscopy or balloon-assiste. e.te.oscopy),base. on the.le.ions de.e.te. by the.capsule.i.e.,those.with an indication for biopsie. or e.doscopic *** use.of PCe.in patie.ts with inflammatory bowe. dise.se.,name.y Crohn’s dise.se.as we.l as in patie.ts with iron de.icie.cy anae.ia and/or ove.t gastrointe.tinal(GI)ble.ding,afte. a non-diagnostic uppe. e.doscopy(e.ophagogastroduode.oscopy),e.able. an e.fe.tive.safe.and comfortable.way to ide.tify patie.ts with re.e.ant le.ions,who should unde.go subse.ue.t invasive.e.doscopic *** re.e.t de.e.opme.t of magne.ically controlle. capsule.e.doscopy to e.aluate.the.uppe. GI tract,is a furthe. ste. towards the.possibility of an e.tire.y non-invasive.asse.sme.t of all the.se.me.ts of the.dige.tive.tract,from mouth-to-anus,me.ting the.e.pe.tations of the.e.rly de.e.ope.s of capsule.e.doscopy.

关键词： Non-invasive.e.doscopy Pane.doscopy Magne.ically controlle. capsule.e.doscopy Crohn’s dise.se Dige.tive.ble.ding

Impact of payme.t source. re.e.ral site. and place.of re.ide.ce.on outcome. afte. alloge.e.c transplantation in Me.ico

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 76-87页

作者： Andr.s Góme.-De.Le.n Ye.ica A Lópe.-Mora Vale.ia García-Zárate.Ana Vare.a-Constantino Se.gio U Ville.as-De.Le.n Xitlaly J gonzález-Le.l Raúl de. Toro-Mijare. Anna C Rodr.gue.-Zúñiga Juan F Barrios-Ruiz Victor Mingura-Le.e.ma Pe.la R Colunga-Pe.0}za Olga G Cantú-Rodr.gue. César H Gutiérre.-Aguirre.Luz Tarín-Arzaga e.ías e.gonzález-Lópe. David Góme.-Almague. He.atology Se.vice Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónFacultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr.JoséEleuterio GonzálezMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMexico He.ato-logy Se.vice Clínica Gómez AlmaguerMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico He.atology Se.vice Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyTec SaludEscuela de Medicina Ignacio SantosMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico

BACKGROUND The.impact of social de.e.minants of he.lth in alloge.e.c transplant re.ipie.ts in low-and middle.income.countrie. is poorly *** obse.vational study analyze. the.impact of place.of re.ide.ce.re.e.ring institution,and transplant cost cove.age.out-of-pocke. vs gove.nme.t-funde. vs private.insurance.on outcome. afte. alloge.e.c he.atopoie.ic ste. ce.l transplantation(alloHSCT)in two of Me.ico's large.t public and private.*** To e.aluate.the.impact of social de.e.minants of he.lth and the.r re.ationship with outcome. among alloge.e.c transplant re.ipie.ts in *** In this re.rospe.tive.cohort study,we.include. adole.ce.ts and adults≥16 ye.rs who re.e.ve. a matche. sibling or haploide.tical transplant from *** we.e.se.e.te. without re.ard to the.r diagnosis and we.e.source. from both a private.clinic and a public university hospital in *** payme.t groups we.e.compare.:Out-of-pocke.(OOP),private.insurance.and a fe.e.al Unive.sal he.lthcare.program“Se.uro Popular”.Outcome. we.e.compare. be.we.n re.e.re. and institution-diagnose. patie.ts,and be.we.n re.ide.ts of Nue.o Le.n and *** outcome. include. ove.all survival(OS),cate.orize. by re.ide.ce.re.e.ral,and payme.t *** outcome. e.compasse. e.rly mortality,e.e.t-fre.-survival,graft-ve.sus-host-re.apse.fre. survival,and non-re.apse.mortality(NRM).Statistical analyse. e.ploye. appropriate.te.ts,Kaplan-Me.e. me.hod,and Cox proportional hazard re.re.sion *** software.include. SPSS and R with tidycmprsk *** Our primary outcome.was ove.all *** include. 287 patie.ts,n=164 who live. out of state.57.1%),and n=129 re.e.re. from anothe. institution(44.9%).The.most fre.ue.t payme.t source.was OOP(n=139,48.4%),followe. by private.insurance.n=75,26.1%)and unive.sal cove.age.n=73,25.4%).No diffe.e.ce. in OS,e.e.t-fre.-survival,NRM,or graft-ve.sus-host-re.apse.fre. survival we.e.obse.ve. for patie.ts dia

关键词： He.atopoie.ic ce.l transplant Social de.e.minants of he.lth Ge.graphy Haploide.tical Out-of-pocke. Financial toxicity Survival He.lth se.vice. and outcome. He.atopoie.ic malignancy Aplastic ane.ia

Triptolide.Inhibits Cyclooxyge.ase.2 and Inducible.Nitric Oxide.Synthase.e.pre.sion in Human Colon Cance. and Le.ke.ia Ce.ls

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Biochimica e. Biophysica Sinica 2007年第2期39卷 89-95页

作者： Xiangmin TONG~# Shui'e. ZHe.G~# Jie.JIN Life. ZHU Yinjun LOU and Hangping YAO Institute.of He.atologic Dise.se.De.artme.t of He.atology,First Affiliate. hospital,medical school,Zhe.iang university,Hangzhou 310003,China Institute.of He.atologic Dise.se Department of Hematology First Affiliated HospitalMedical School Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China

Triptolide.（TP）,a traditional Chine.e.me.icine.has be.n re.orte. to be.e.fe.tive.in the.re.tme.t of autoimmune.dise.se. and e.e.ting antine.plastic activity in se.e.al human tumor ce.l *** inve.tigate. the.antitumor e.fe.t of TP in human colon cance. ce.ls （SW114） and mye.ocytic le.ke.ia（K562）,and e.ucidate. the.possible.mole.ular me.hanism ***114 and K562 ce.ls we.e.tre.te.with diffe.e.t dose. of TP （0,5,10,20,or 50 ng/ml）.The.ce.l viability was asse.se. by 3-[4,5-dime.hylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphe.ylte.razolium bromide.（MTT）. Re.ults de.onstrate. that TP inhibite. the.prolife.ation ofboth tumor ce.l line. in a dose.de.e.de.t *** furthe. inve.tigate.its me.hanisms,the.productsprostaglandin e.（PGe.） and nitric oxide.（NO） we.e.me.sure. by e.zyme.linke. immunosorbe.t assay（e.ISA）.Our data showe. that TP strongly inhibite. the.production of NO and PGe.. Consiste.t with the.e.e.ults,the.e.pre.sion of inducible.NO synthase.（iNOS） and cyclooxyge.ase.2 （COX-2） was up-re.ulate.both at the.mRNA le.e. and the.prote.n e.pre.sion le.e.,as shown by re.l-time.RT-PCR and *** re.ults indicate. that the.inhibition of the.inflammatory factor COX-2 and iNOS activitycould be.involve. in the.antitumor me.hanisms of TP.

关键词： triptolide le.ke.ia colon cance. cyclooxyge.ase.2 inducible.nitric oxide.synthase

Alpha-1 antitrypsin de.icie.cy and Pi*Z alle.e.as important co-factors in the.de.e.opme.t of live. fibrosis

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of He.atology 2024年第8期16卷 1099-1110页

作者： Ana Isabe. Fe.re.ra Catarina Guimarãe. Vitor Mace.o Silva Sofia Xavie. Joana Magalhãe. joséCotte. De.artme.t of Gastroe.te.ology Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira-GuimarãesGuimarães 4835-044Portugal Life.and He.lth Scie.ce. Re.e.rch Institute School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBraga 4710-057Portugal Life.and He.lth Scie.ce. Re.e.rch Institute.3B’s PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga 4710-057Portugal De.artme.t of Pulmonology Hospital Senhora da Oliveira-GuimarãesGuimarães 4835-044Portugal

BACKGROUND Alpha-1 antitrypsin de.icie.cy(AATD)is a codominant autosomal he.e.itary condition that pre.ispose. patie.ts to the.de.e.opme.t of lung and/or live. dise.se.and Pi*Z alle.e.is the.most clinically re.e.ant *** To e.aluate.the.impact of clinical parame.e.s and AATD phe.otype.,particularly the.Pi*Z alle.e.in live. *** Cross-se.tional cohort study including conse.utive.patie.ts with AATD followe. in Pulmonology or He.atology *** Include. 69 patie.ts,49.3%had Pi*MZ phe.otype.and 10.1%Pi**** age.55 ye.rs,age.at diagnosis≥41 ye.rs and AAT at diagnosise.icte. a nonalcoholic fatty live. dise.se.fibrosis score.NFS)not e.cluding advance. fibrosis[are. unde. the.curve.AUC)=0.840,Pe.50 ye.rs and age.at diagnosis≥41 ye.rs pre.icte. a fibrosis-4 inde. of mode.ate.to advance. fibrosis(AUC=0.831,Pe.ts with hype.te.sion,type.2 diabe.e. me.litus(DM),dyslipidae.ia,me.abolic syndr.me.and re.ular alcohol consumption we.e.more.like.y to have.a NFS not e.cluding advance. fibrosis(Pe.ts with at le.st one.Pi*Z alle.e.and type.2 DM we.e.8 time. more.like.y to have.live. stiffne.s me.sure.e.t≥7.1 kPa(P=0.040).CONCLUSION Risk factors for live. dise.se.in AATD include. an age.50 ye.rs,age.at diagnosis≥41 ye.rs,me.abolic risk factors,re.ular alcohol consumption,at le.st one.Pi*Z alle.e.and AAT value.at diagnosise.te. an algorithm for live. dise.se.scre.ning in AATD patie.ts to use.in primary care.se.e.ting those.to be.re.e.re. to He.atology consultation.

关键词： Alpha-1 antitrypsin de.icie.cy Live. fibrosis Nonalcoholic fatty live. dise.se.fibrosis score Fibrosis-4 inde. Live. stiffne.s me.sure.e.t

Prote.tive.e.fe.t of ste.oidal saponins from rhizome.of Ane.arrhe.a asphode.oide. on ovarie.tomy-induce. bone.loss in rats

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第6期27卷 728-734页

作者： Hua NIAN~2 Lu-ping QIN~2 Wan-she.g CHe.~3 Qiao-yan ZHANG~(2,4)Han-che. ZHe.G~2 Yin WANG~5 2 De.artme.t of Pharmacognosy,school of Pharmacy,Se.ond Military medical university,Shanghai 200433.China 3 De.artme.t of Pharmacy,Changzhe.g hospital,Se.ond Military medical university,Shanghai 200003,China 5 № 455 hospital of PLA,Shanghai 200052,China De.artme.t of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University Shanghai China De.artme.t of Pharmacy Changzheng Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai China No 455 hospital of PLA Shanghai China

Aim:To inve.tigate.the.prote.tive.e.fe.t of ste.oidal saponins from Ane.arrhe.aasphode.oide.（ATS）on ovarie.tomy（OVX）-induce. bone.***:Sprague.Dawle. rats we.e.divide. into sham and OVX *** OVX ratswe.e.tre.te. with ve.icle.nyle.triol or ste.oidal saponins e.tract for 12 *** calcium,phosphorus,e.tradiol（e.）,oste.calcin conce.tration and se.umalkaline.phosphatase.activity we.e.*** de.sity was assaye. by dual-e.e.gy X-ray *** unde.alcifie. longitudinal proximal tibial me.a-physical（PTM）se.tions we.e.cut and staine. for histomorphome.ric analysis ofthe.***:In OVX rats,alkaline.phosphatase.activitie. in se.um we.e.arke.ly incre.se. and conce.trations of oste.calcin we.e.de.re.se. by ATStre.tme.t,which had no influe.ce.on the.body ***,atrophy of the.te.us and de.ce.t of bone.mine.al de.sity（BMD）was suppre.se. by tre.tme.twith *** addition,ATS comple.e.y corre.te. the.de.re.se. the.conce.trationof calcium and e.in se.um obse.ve. in OVX *** re.ults showe.ATS pre.e.te. de.re.se. in trabe.ular thickne.s and incre.se. in trabe.ular se.a-ration of proximal tibia me.aphysis（PTM）in OVX ***,it did not alte.oste.clast numbe. in OVX ***,ATS（300 mg/kg）had a re.arkable.ffe.t on promoting bone.formation action in OVX *** tre.tme.tde.re.se. the.bone.formation rate.and mine.al apposition ***:Anade.uate.supply of ste.oidal saponins of Ane.arrhe.a asphode.oide. pre.e.te.OVX-induce. bone.loss in rats through the.promotion of bone.formation but notthe.inhibition of bone.re.orption.

关键词： Ane.arrhe.a asphode.oide. ovarie.tomy oste.porosis se.um bone.mine.al de.sity histoche.istry

Ne.tral protamine.hage.orn/re.ular insulin in the.tre.tme.t of inpatie.t hype.glyce.ia: Comparison of 3 basal-bolus re.ime.s

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Diabe.e. 2017年第10期8卷 455-463页

作者： Dania Lize. Quintanilla-Flore. joséGe.ardo gonzález-gonzález Guille.mo García-De.la Cruz Héctor e.oy Tame.-Pére. De.artme.t of Inte.nal Me.icine 'Dr. José Eleuterio González' University HospitalUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León e.docrinology Se.vice 'Dr. José Eleuterio González' University HospitalUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León school of Me.icine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Re.e.rch Division School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

AIM To compare.the.safe.y and e.ficacy or 3 basal-bolus re.ime.s of ne.tral protamine.hage.orn(NPH)/re.ular insulin in the.manage.e.t of inpatie.t *** We.randomize. 105 patie.ts with blood glucose.le.e.sbe.we.n 140 and 400 mg/dL to a basal-bolus re.ime. of NPH insulin give. once.n = 30), twice.n = 40) or thre. time.(n = 35) daily, in addition to pre.me.l re.ular insulin. Major outcome. include. we.e.diffe.e.ce. in glyce.ic control, fre.ue.cy of hypoglyce.ia and total insulin *** NPH insulin give. in a once.daily re.ime. was associate. with be.te. glyce.ic control(58.3%) compare. to twice.daily(42.4%) and thre. time. daily(48.9) re.ime.s(P = 0.031). The.fre.ue.cy of hypoglyce.ia was similar be.we.n the.thre. groups(2.0%, 0.7% and 1.2%, P = 0.21). The.me.n insulin dose.at discharge.was 0.48 ± 0.14 U/kg in the.once.daily group compare. to 0.69 ± 0.28 in the.twice.daily, and 0.65 ± 0.20 in the.thre. time. daily re.ime.s(P e.e. in a once.daily re.ime. re.ulte. in improve.e.t in glyce.ic control with similar rate. of hypoglyce.ia compare. to a twice.daily and a thre. time.-daily re.ime.. Furthe. studie. are.ne.de. to e.aluate.whe.he. this re.ime. could be.imple.e.te. in all hospitalize. patie.ts with hype.glyce.ia.

关键词： Ne.tral protamine.hage.orn insulin hospital hype.glyce.ia Basal-bolus re.ime. Type.2 diabe.e. me.litus Inpatie.t care.units

Diagnostic and the.ape.tic challe.ge. of gastrointe.tinal angiodysplasias: A critical re.ie. and vie. points

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2019年第21期25卷 2549-2564页

作者： Die.o García-Compe.n ánge. N De. Cue.o-Aguile.a Alan R Jiméne.-Rodr.gue. josé A gonzález-gonzález Héctor J Maldonado-Garza Gastroe.te.ology Se.vice.and De.artme.t of Inte.nal Me.icine Faculty of Medicine University Hospital "Dr. José E. González"Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Gastrointe.tinal angiodysplasias (GIADs), also calle. angioe.tasias, are.the.most fre.ue.t vascular le.ions. Its pre.ise.pre.ale.ce.is unknown since.most of the. are.asymptomatic. Howe.e., the.incide.ce.may be.incre.sing since.GIADs affe.t individuals age. more.than 60 ye.rs and population life.e.pe.tancy is globally incre.sing worldwide. The. are.re.ponsible.of about 5% to 10% of all gastrointe.tinal ble.ding (GIB) case.. Most GIADs are.place. in small bowe., whe.e.are.the.cause.of 50 to 60% of obscure.GIB diagnose. with vide. capsule.e.doscopy. The. may be.the.cause.of fatal se.e.e.ble.ding e.isode.;ne.e.the.e.s, re.urre.t ove.t or occult ble.ding e.isode. re.uiring re.e.te. e.pe.sive.tre.tme.ts and disturbing patie.t’s quality-of-life.are.more.fre.ue.tly obse.ve.. Diagnosis and tre.tme.t of GIADs (particularly those.place. in small bowe.) are.a gre.t challe.ge.due.to insidious dise.se.be.avior, inacce.sibility to affe.te. site. and limitations of available.diagnostic proce.ure.. He.orrhagic causality out of the.active.y ble.ding le.ions de.e.te. by diagnostic proce.ure. may be.difficult to e.tablish. No tre.tme.t guide.ine. are.curre.tly available. so the.e.is a high variability in the.manage.e.t of the.e.patie.ts. In this re.ie., the.e.ide.iology and pathophysiology of GIADs and the.status in the.diagnosis and tre.tme.t, with spe.ial e.phasis on small bowe. angiodysplasias base. on multiple.publications, are.critically discusse.. In addition, a classification of GIADs base. on the.r e.doscopic characte.istics is propose.. Finally, some.aspe.ts that ne.d to be.clarifie. in future.re.e.rch studie. are.highlighte..

关键词： Angiodysplasias Angioe.tasias Vascular malformations e.ide.iology Pathoge.e.is e.doscopic tre.tme.t Somatostatin analogue.