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Bending properties of extruded AZ91–0.9Ca–0.6Y alloy and their improvement through precompression and annealing

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第8期10卷 2238-2251页

作者： Jong un lee Gyo Myeong lee Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

In this study,an extruded Mg–9Al–1Zn–0.3Mn–0.9Ca–0.6Y(AZXW9110)alloy is subjected to precompression and subsequent annealing(PCA)treatment for improving its bending formability,and the three-point bending properties of the as-extruded material and the precompressed and subsequently annealed(PCAed)material at room temperature are *** bending,microcracks formed in undissolved Al2Ca,Al2Y,and Al8Mn4Y particles propagate along the grain boundaries or twin boundaries and consequently form a macrocrack in the tension zones of the bending samples of both the ***,the bending formability of the PCAed material is 75%higher than that of the as-extruded material owing to the promoted twinning and slip behaviors in the *** as-extruded material has a strong normal direction(ND)texture and a weak transverse direction(TD)texture,and the ND-and TD-oriented grains are unfavorable for both{10–12}twinning and basal slip in the tension zone of the bending sample of this material,which eventually results in its low bending *** PCAed material has a strong extrusion direction(ED)texture,weak TD texture,and spread ND *** bending,{10–12}twins are fully formed in the ED-oriented grains,and this{10–12}twinning effectively accommodates the plastic strain in the tension *** addition,the activation of basal slip in the ND-oriented grains of the PCAed material is promoted owing to the spread ND texture of this ***,this material exhibits substantially superior bending formability because of the vigorous{10–12}twinning in its ED-oriented grains and promoted basal slip in its ND-oriented grains.

关键词： Magnesium Bending Formability Twinning Texture

Effects of surface roughness on bending properties of rolled AZ31 alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第4期11卷 1224-1235页

作者： Gyo Myeong lee Jong un lee Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

This study investigated the effects of mechanical-polishing-induced surface roughness and the direction of polishing lines on the bending properties of a rolled AZ31 *** this end,three-point bending tests were performed on one sample without polishing lines(SS sample)and two samples with polishing lines—one in which the polishing lines were parallel to the rolling direction(RS-RD sample)and the other in which they were parallel to the transverse direction(RS-TD sample).In all three samples,macrocracks were formed in the width direction on the outer surface,where tensile stress was predominantly generated in the longitudinal ***,the macrocracks formed in the SS sample were curved because of the merging of uniformly formed fine microcracks,whereas those formed in the RS-TD sample were linear owing to the formation of relatively coarse microcracks along the polishing *** bendability of the samples was in the order of SS>RS-RD>RS-TD,and their limiting bending depths were 4.8,4.6,and 4.4 mm,*** the presence of mechanical-polishing-induced surface roughness,polishing lines perpendicular to the direction of the major stress(i.e.,tensile stress along the longitudinal direction)resulted in a greater degree of stress concentration on the outer surface of the bending *** higher stress concentration promoted the formation of undesirable{10–11}contraction and{10–11}–{10–12}double twins—which typically act as crack initiation sites—and thereby facilitated crack generation and ***,the surface roughness caused premature fracture during bending deformation,which,in turn,caused deterioration of the bendability of the rolled Mg alloy.

关键词： AZ31 alloy Bending Surface roughness Stress concentration Crack

Microstructural evolution of pre-twinned Mg alloy with annealing temperature and underlying boundary migration mechanism

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第8期11卷 2953-2966页

作者： Ye Jin Kim Jong un lee Gyo Myeong lee Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

This study investigates the variations in the microstructural characteristics of a pre-twinned Mg alloy with the temperature of the subsequent annealing *** this end,a rolled AZ31 alloy is compressed to 3%plastic strain along the rolling direction(RD)to activate{10-12}twinning and is subsequently annealed at 200,250,300,350,and 400℃.Numerous{10-12}twins are formed throughout the compressed material,leading to the formation of a RD-oriented *** an annealing temperature of 200℃,no microstructural variations occur during *** the annealing temperature increases from 250 to 400℃,the residual strain energy and remaining twin boundaries of the annealed material decrease owing to the promoted static recovery and the increased area fraction of twin-free grown ***,an increase in the annealing temperature results in a gradual microstructural transition from a fully twinned grain structure to a completely twin-free grain *** microstructural evolution during annealing is predominantly governed by the movement of high-angle grain boundaries via a strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,and a few twin boundaries migrate above 350℃because of their lower boundary *** boundary migration behavior and resultant microstructural evolution are discussed in detail based on the variations in boundary mobility and driving force for boundary migration with annealing temperature.

关键词： Rolled Mg alloy {10-12}twin Grain growth Boundary migration Annealing

Influence of Bi addition on dynamic recrystallization and precipitation behaviors during hot extrusion of pure Mg

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第9期44卷 62-75页

作者： Jongbin Go Jong un lee Hui Yu Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China

Low material cost and high extrudability for ensuring price competitiveness with Al alloys,as well as excellent mechanical properties,are essential for expanding the application range of Mg *** is a promising alloying element for developing extruded Mg alloys that satisfy such *** is inexpensive,exhibits a high solubility limit,and forms a thermally stable Mg3Bi2 phase,which improves the commercial viability and enables the high-speed extrusion of Mg–Bi *** this study,the effects of Bi addition on the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and dynamic precipitation behaviors during hot extrusion of a pure Mg and the resultant microstructure and mechanical properties of the extruded materials were *** addition of 6 wt%and 9 wt%Bi to a pure Mg yielded numerous fine Mg3Bi2 precipitates during the early stage of hot ***,the area fraction of dynamic recrystallized(DRXed)grains decreased because of DRX-behavior suppression by the Zener pinning ***,the DRXed grain size was substantially reduced through the grain-boundary pinning *** size and number of undissolved Mg3Bi2 particles in the homogenized billets increased when the Bi content was increased,which resulted in increased DRX fractions owing to the enhanced levels of particle stimulated *** addition yielded considerable strength improvement of the extruded pure ***,the extruded Mg–Bi binary materials were less ductile than the extruded pure Mg *** lower ductility resulted from the cracking at twins formed in the coarse unDRXed grains of the Mg-6Bi material and the cracking at large undissolved Mg3Bi2 particles in the Mg-9Bi material.

关键词： Magnesium Bi addition Extrusion Recrystallization Precipitation

Effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on tensile and bending properties of high-Al-containing Mg alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 779-793页

作者： Sumi Jo Gyo Myeong lee Jong un lee Young Min Kim Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Magnesium Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea

This study investigates the effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on the uniaxial tensile and three-point bending properties of extruded Mg alloys containing high Al *** extruded Mg–9Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ91)alloy contains lamellar-structured Mg_(17)Al_(12)discontinuous precipitates along the grain boundaries,which are formed via static precipitation during natural air *** extruded Mg–11Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ111)alloy contains spherical Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates at the grain boundaries and inside the grains,which are formed via dynamic precipitation during *** to inhomogeneous distribution of precipitates,the AZ111 alloy consists of two different precipitate regions:precipitate-rich region with numerous precipitates and finer grains and precipitate-scarce region with a few precipitates and coarser *** AZ111 alloy exhibits a higher tensile strength than the AZ91 alloy because its smaller grain size and more abundant precipitates result in stronger grain-boundary hardening and precipitation hardening effects,***,the tensile elongation of the AZ111 alloy is lower than that of the AZ91 alloy because the weak cohesion between the dynamic precipitates and the matrix facilitates the crack initiation and *** bending,a macrocrack initiates on the outer surface of bending specimen in both *** AZ111 alloy exhibits higher bending yield strength and lower failure bending strain than the AZ91 *** bending specimens of the AZ91 alloy have similar bending formability,whereas those of the AZ111 alloy exhibit considerable differences in bending formability and crack propagation behavior,depending on the distribution and number density of precipitates in the *** bending specimens of the AZ111 alloy,it is found that the failure bending strain(ε_(f,bending))is inversely proportional to the area fraction of precipitates in the outer zone of bending specimen(A_(ppt)),with a relation

关键词： Mg–Al alloy Extrusion Bending Precipitation Microstructure

Microstructural evolution and grain growth mechanism of pre-twinned magnesium alloy during annealing

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第4期9卷 1238-1251页

作者： Ye Jin Kim Jong un lee Young Min Kim Sung Hyuk Par School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National JJniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Implementation Research Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChanson 51508Republic of Korea

The microstructural evolution and underlying grain growth mechanism of a{1012}-twin-containing Mg alloy during annealing are investigated through quasi in situ electron backscatter diffraction measurements of a rolled AZ31 alloy subjected to precompression along the rolling direction(RD).The precompressed material shows a partially twinned structure consisting of a twinned region and a residual matrix region,and this structure changes to an almost twin-free structure consisting of grown grains with serrated grain boundaries in twinand matrix-originated regions after annealing at 250℃ for 1 *** addition,the average grain size almost doubles and the internal strain energy decreases significantly after *** microstructural variations are induced mainly by grain growth through the strain-induced migration of high-angle grain boundaries without the movement of twin *** twinned region of the precompressed material has higher stored strain energy than the residual matrix region because the crystallographic orientation of the former region is favorable for basal slip and because of the occurrence of the dislocation transmutation reaction in the *** reducing the total strain energy accumulated in the precompressed material,the residual matrix region—having lower stored strain energy—preferentially grows while consuming the twinned regions formed in the surrounding grains during *** a result,the area fraction of grains with a matrix texture increases whereas that of grains with a twin texture decreases after *** twin texture intensity increases significantly and this texture becomes more concentrated along the RD because the highly RD oriented twins tend to grow during annealing on account of their fairly low stored strain energy.

关键词： Magnesium Twin Annealing Grain growth Strain energy

Dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructural evolution of Mg alloy AZ31 through high-speed rolling

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第10期34卷 1747-1755页

作者： Jeong Hun lee Jong un lee sang-Hoon Kim Seok Weon Song Chong Soo lee Sung Hyuk Park Ulsan Regional Division Korea Institute of Industrial Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University Technical Research Laboratories POSCO Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology

High-speed rolling （HSR） is known to improve the workability of Mg alloys significantly, which makes it possible to impose a large reduction in a single pass without fracture. In the present study, dynamic recrystallization （DRX） behavior and microstructural and textural variations of Mg alloy AZ31 dur-ing a HSR process were investigated by conducting rolling with different imposed reductions in the range of 20%-80% at a high rolling speed of 470 m/min and 400℃. High-strain-rate deformation during HSR suppresses dislocation slips but promotes twinning, which results in the formation of numer-ous twins of several types, i.e., {10-12} extension twins, {10-11} and {10-13} contraction twins, and {10-11}-{10-12} double twins. After twinning, high strain energy is accumulated in twin bands because their crystallographic orientations are favorable for basal slips, leading to subsequent DRX at the twin bands. Accordingly, twinning activation and twinning-induced DRX behavior play crucial roles in accommodating plastic deformation during HSR and in varying microstructure and texture of the high- speed-rolled （HSRed） sheets. Area fraction of fine DRXed grains formed at the twin bands increases with increasing rolling reduction, which is attributed to the combined effects of increased strain, strain rate, and deformation temperature and a decreased critical strain for DRX. Size, internal strain, and texture intensity of the DRXed grains are smaller than those of unDRXed grains. Therefore, as rolling reduction increases, average grain size, stored internal energy, microstructural inhomogeneity, and basal texture intensity of the HSRed sheets gradually decrease owing to an increase in the area fraction of the DRXed grains.

关键词： Magnesium alloy High-speed rolling Twinning Dynamic recrystallization Microstructure

Characterization of Wollastonite Glass-ceramics Made from Waste Glass and Coal Fly Ash

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第2期29卷 149-153页

作者： Soon-Do Yoon Jong-un lee Jeong-Hwan lee Yeon-Hum Yun Wang-Jung Yoon School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering Chonnam National University Department of Energy & Resources Engineering Chonnam National University

The crystallization behavior of wollastonite glass-ceramics was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis and surface morphological observations, and the chemical compositions were evaluated by field emission-scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. Various heat treatment temperatures （850, 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 ℃） were used to obtain glass-ceramics of the ideal wollastonite crystal phase as well as optimum mechanical properties and chemical durability. From XRD, FE-SEM and EDS, the crystallization of acicular crystal phase in the matrix was achieved at heat treatment temperature of 1000 and 1050 ℃, and wollastonite （CaSiO3） was found in the acicular type main crystal phase in the glass-ceramics. Various properties, such as density, compressive strength, bending strength and chemical durability were also examined. The mechanical properties of glass-ceramics obtained at the heat treatment temperature of 1000 and 1050 ℃ were superior to those obtained at the heat treatment temperature of 850 ℃.

关键词： Coal fly ash Waste glass Mechanical properties Glass-ceramics

Effects of Sn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Bi binary alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第3期10卷 920-931页

作者： sang-Cheol Jin Jong un lee Jongbin Go Hui Yu Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachiSakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

We investigated the effects of Sn addition on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of an extruded Mg-Bi binary alloy by comparing Mg-5 Bi(B5)and Mg-5 Bi-4 Sn(BT54).Both the extruded alloys exhibit a partially recrystallized grain structure with a strong extrusion fiber texture and numerous Mg3Bi2 ***,the addition of Sn significantly decreases the average grain size of the extruded alloy from 123.9 to 75.2μ*** Sn solute atoms inhibit the activity of dislocation slip,which reduces the internal strain energy accumulated in the dynamically recrystallized(DRXed)grains during ***,this reduced strain energy leads to the decrease in the DRXed grain size owing to weakened grain growth during natural *** extruded BT54 alloy exhibits higher tensile strength and ductility than the extruded B5 *** improvement in the strength by the Sn addition is attributed to the combined effects of grain refinement,Sn solute atoms,and increased dislocation *** formation of{10-11}and{10-11}-{10-12}twins during tension is suppressed by the grain refinement,thereby improving the tensile elongation considerably.

关键词： Mg±Bi alloy Extrusion Dynamic recrystallization Microstructure Mechanical properties.