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Relationship among Different Soil Biochemical Methods to Determine Soil Health

Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第11期8卷 303-313页

作者： Amitava Chatterjee umesh acharya Department of Soil Science North Dakota State University Fargo USA

Numerous soil biochemical methods are used to determine the soil health status, but the relationships among these methods are not well understood. Relationships among soil biochemical tests, 1) chloroform fumigated microbial biomass C (CFMBC), 2) permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), 3) Solvita CO2-burst (Solvita), 4) Solvita labile amino nitrogen (SLAN), and short-term soil CO2 efflux during laboratory incubation using (v) Alkali-base trap (Alkali) and (vi) infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), were evaluated for nine agricultural soils collected across the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, USA. Not a single test is comprehensive to relate with all soil biochemical tests. Coefficient of variation percentage for particular method varied with soil type. Among six tests, CFMBC is significantly (p < 0.05) related with Alkali (r = 0.37), Solvita (r = 0.57), SLAN (r = 0.52), and POXC (r = 0.68). Soil CFMBC correlates with most of soil biochemical tests and can be potential to determine soil biochemical condition.

关键词： Chloroform Fumigated Microbial Biomass Carbon Solvita CO2-Burst Soil Labile Amino Nitrogen (SLAN) Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Infrared Gas Analyzer Soil Organic Carbon

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Evaluation of a Dry Extract System Involving NIR Spectroscopy (DESIR) for Rapid Assessment of Pesticide Contamination of Fruit Surfaces

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第8期3卷 524-533页

作者： umesh Kumar acharya Phul Prasad Subedi Kerry Brian Walsh Central Queensland University Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Plant Science Group Rockhampton Australia

The dry-extract system for (near) infrared (DESIR) technique was implemented using reflectance near-infrared spec-troscopy in context of detection of contact pesticide residues on fruit. Based on chemical structure, spectra features and regression statistics for PLSR models, a product containing metiram and pyraclostrobin was chosen from six pesticides for further consideration. Regression models based on spectra of dry extracts of aqueous solutions and either acetone or water washes of contaminated fruit were encouraging (RMSECV of approximately 0.03 - 0.06 mg a.i.). This level of analytical performance would support the use of the technique as a rapid screening tool, with suspect samples then subject to the reference GC-MS analysis method. However, the PLSR model performance was poor across populations of fruit, suggesting that matrix changes in the solvent wash between sets of fruit is problematic. Further work is required to establish whether sufficient variation can be built into a calibration set to overcome this issue, without degrading model performance to the point where it loses practical application.

关键词： Apple Mango Tomato Fungicide Insecticide Aero Metiram Pyraclostrobin Octave Prochloraz Penncozeb Mancozeb Amistar Azoxystrobin Applaud Buprofezin Lorsban Chlorpyrifos Near Infrared Pesticide

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<i>In vitro</i>properties of chitosan nanoparticles induce apoptosis in human lymphoma SUDHL-4 cell line

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第12期4卷 1118-1127页

作者： umesh K. Parida Niranjan Rout Birendra K. Bindhani acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Center Cuttack India School of Biotechnology KIIT University Bhubaneswar India

In this study, the possible mechanisms were investigated with chitosan nanoparticles using sodium tripoly-phosphate and effects on human lymphoma SUDHL-4 in vitro. It was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, particle Size, zeta potential, SEM & TEM. Different techniques such as cell proliferation, ultra structure changes, DNA fragmentation, phase distribution of cell cycle, MTT assay, MMP, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, flow cytometry and electron microscopy were used with treatment of different concentrations of CH-NPs (25, 50, 75, 100 μg/ml) at different time periods. Electron microscopy study revealed that the chitosan nanoparticles showed 78 nm particle size which is a high surface charge as 52 mV. Inhibition of chitosan nanoparticles after 48h treatment was marked in cell proliferation of SUDHL-4 with an IC50 value of 5 μg/ml. Electron microscopy showed typical necrotic cell morphology after treatment of chitosan nanoparticles. The DNA degradation related with necrosis was determined using agarose electrophoresis and loss of MMP & occurrence of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Chitosan nanoparticles with low molecular weight (LMW) were comparatively stable in medium containing aqueous and rate of dissolution was slow in acidic medium. Results of this present study clearly provided information that the chitosan nanoparticles effectively inhibit the proliferation of SUDHL-4 through multiple mechanisms in vitro and this novel formulation can open a new avenue against human Lymphoma.

关键词： Chitosan Nanoparticles Sodium Triphosphate SUDHL-4 Apoptosis MTT Assay

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