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Characterizing Peak-Time Traffic Jam Incidents in Kampala Using Exploratory Data Analysis

Journal of Transportation Technologies 2023年第1期13卷 61-86页

作者： Sekalema Hamza umar yahya Abdal Kasule Kasagga Usama Pembe Fahad Kamoga Ibrahim Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Islamic University in Uganda Kampala Uganda Department of Information and Communication Technology Equator University of Science and Technology Masaka Uganda

Traffic congestion is associated with increased environmental pollutions, as well as reduced socio-economic productivity due to significant delays in travel times. The consequences are worse in least developed countries where motorized road transport networks are often inefficiently managed in addition to being largely underdeveloped. Recent research on traffic congestion has mostly focused on infrastructural aspects of road networks, with little or no emphasis at all on motorists’ on-the-road behavior (MB). The current study thus aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by characterizing traffic jam incidents (TJI) observed over a period of 80 days in Uganda’s Capital City, Kampala. MB as well as road network infrastructural factors such as road blockage (RB), were captured for each of the observed TJI. A total of 483 peak-time TJI were recorded, and exploratory data analysis (EDA) subsequently performed on the TJI dataset. EDA involved Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and K-means clustering of the TJI dataset, as well as a detailed descriptive statistical analysis of both the entire dataset and the emerging TJI clusters. A highlight finding of this study is that 48.2% of the observed TJIs were as a result of on-the-road motorist behavior. Furthermore, the intervention of traffic police officers in a bid to regulate traffic flow was equally responsible for 25.9% of the TJIs observed in this study. Overall, these results indicate that whereas road infrastructural improvement is warranted in order to improve traffic flow, introducing interventions to address inappropriate on-the-road motorists’ behavior could alone improve traffic flow in Kampala, by over 48%. Additionally, in-order to effectively regulate traffic flow in Kampala and other least developed cities with similar traffic congestion management practices, motorists’ on-the-road behavior ought to be factored into any data-driven mechanisms deployed to regulate traffic flow and thus potentially significantly

关键词： Motorist Behavior Traffic Jam Traffic Congestion Urban Road-Networks Motorized Transport Traffic Clusters

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Optimizing Connections:Applied Shortest Path Algorithms for MANETs

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 787-807页

作者： Ibrahim Alameri Jitka Komarkova Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Abdulsamad Ebrahim yahya Atef Gharbi Faculty of Medical Sciences Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical UniversityAlkufaNajaf54001Iraq Faculty of Economics and Administration University of PardubiceStudentskaPardubice53210Czech Republic Computer Science Department School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Department of Information Technology College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia Department of Information System College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia

This study is trying to address the critical need for efficient routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)from dynamic topologies that pose great challenges because of the mobility of *** objective was to delve into and refine the application of the Dijkstra’s algorithm in this context,a method conventionally esteemed for its efficiency in static ***,this paper has carried out a comparative theoretical analysis with the Bellman-Ford algorithm,considering adaptation to the dynamic network conditions that are typical for *** paper has shown through detailed algorithmic analysis that Dijkstra’s algorithm,when adapted for dynamic updates,yields a very workable solution to the problem of real-time routing in *** results indicate that with these changes,Dijkstra’s algorithm performs much better computationally and 30%better in routing optimization than Bellman-Ford when working with configurations of sparse *** theoretical framework adapted,with the adaptation of the Dijkstra’s algorithm for dynamically changing network topologies,is novel in this work and quite different from any traditional *** adaptation should offer more efficient routing and less computational overhead,most apt in the limited resource environment of ***,from these findings,one may derive a conclusion that the proposed version of Dijkstra’s algorithm is the best and most feasible choice of the routing protocol for MANETs given all pertinent key performance and resource consumption indicators and further that the proposed method offers a marked improvement over traditional *** paper,therefore,operationalizes the theoretical model into practical scenarios and also further research with empirical simulations to understand more about its operational effectiveness.

关键词： Dijkstra’s algorithm optimization complexity analysis shortest path first comparative algorithm analysis nondeterministic polynomial(NP)-complete

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Phenolic Profile and Volatiles of in vitro Propagated Lavandula angustifolia ***

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 427-444页

作者： Mir Abdullatif yahya Fatma Tunali Dilek Killi Atalay Sökmen Biotechnology Department Konya Food and Agriculture UniversityKonya42080Türkiye Plant Production and Technologies Department Konya Food and Agriculture UniversityKonya42080Türkiye

An effective in vitro propagation protocol was designed for Lavandula angustifolia Miller,a medicinal aromatic plant that is a prominent source of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Murashige and Skoog media were supplemented with various concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators(PGRs),and the growth parameters of the nodal segments were *** explants formed callus when they were supplemented with 2 mg/L of 6-Benzylaminopurine(BAP).The superior hormonal concentration of Murashige and Skoog(MS)media for the proliferation of shoots from callus cultures(39.33%)was 5 mg/L of 2-Isopentenyl adenine(2iP),and the favorable media for the growth of *** callus cultures was 1 and 2 mg/L of BAP,with a 98%for-mation rate in each *** callus cultures and in vitro propagated *** seedlings obtained from var-ious PGR concentrations of MS media were exposed to qualitative and quantitative analysis in terms of phenolic proﬁles,ﬂavonoids,High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis of phenolic acids,and headspace-SPME analysis for *** analysis revealed that micropropagated seedlings grown in media containing 1 mg/L of 6-Furfurylaminopurine(KIN)accumulated the highest yield(11.95±0.01 mg GAE/g)of phenolic *** contrast,the lowest concentration(2.17±0.04 mg GAE/g)was detected in 0.5 mg/L of BAP+0.5 mg/L of Naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA)*** plantlets grown in 0.5 mg/L of BAP+0.5 mg/L of NAA media showed the highestﬂavonoid yield(31.67±0.06μg/g QE/g).In contrast,callus samples exhibited the lowest yield(11.59±0.02μg/g QE/g)ofﬂavonoids in MS media supplemented with a concentration of 0.5 mg/L of *** analysis revealed the variability of phenolic acid contents within the callus cultures as well as plantlets,with gallic acid,4-OH benzoic acid,chlorogenic acid,vanillic acid,caffeic acid,cinnamic acid,and rosmarinic acid being the prominent *** presence of twenty-two chemicals was revealed by headspace-SPME ***

关键词： Lavender indirect organogenesis micropropagation This

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Enhanced asphalt dynamic modulus prediction: A detailed analysis of artificial hummingbird algorithm-optimised boosted trees

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第2期4卷 224-233页

作者： Ikenna D.Uwanuakwa Ilham yahya Amir Lyce Ndolo Umba Department of Civil Engineering Near East UniversityMersin 10Turkey Faculty of Sciences University of LubumbashiLubumbashiThe Democratic Republic of Congo

This study introduces and evaluates a novel artificial hummingbird algorithm-optimised boosted tree(AHAboosted)model for predicting the dynamic modulus(E*)of hot mix asphalt *** a substantial dataset from NCHRP Report-547,the model was trained and rigorously *** metrics,specifically RMSE,MAE,and R2,were employed to assess the model's predictive accuracy,robustness,and *** benchmarked against well-established models like support vector machines(SVM)and gaussian process regression(GPR),the AHA-boosted model demonstrated enhanced *** achieved R2 values of 0.997 in training and 0.974 in testing,using the traditional Witczak NCHRP 1-40D model *** features such as test temperature,frequency,and asphalt content led to a 1.23%increase in the test R2,signifying an improvement in the model's *** study also explored feature importance and sensitivity through SHAP and permutation importance plots,highlighting binder complex modulus|G*|as a key *** the AHA-boosted model shows promise,a slight decrease in R2 from training to testing indicates a need for further ***,this study confirms the AHA-boosted model as a highly accurate and robust tool for predicting the dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt concrete,making it a valuable asset for pavement engineering.

关键词： Asphalt Dynamic modulus Prediction Artificial hummingbird algorithm Boosted tree

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Enhancing Network Design through Statistical Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 319-339页

作者： Ibrahim Alameri Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Anjum Nazir Abdulsamad Ebrahim yahya Atef Gharbi Faculty of Medical Sciences Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical UniversityAlkufa QuNajaf54001Iraq Computer Science Department School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Department of Computing Faculty of Engineering Sciences&Technology(FEST)Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Department of Information Technology College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia Department of Information System College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia

This paper contributes a sophisticated statistical method for the assessment of performance in routing protocols salient Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)routing protocols:Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV),Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV),Dynamic Source Routing(DSR),and Zone Routing Protocol(ZRP).In this paper,the evaluation will be carried out using complete sets of statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney,and *** articulates a systematic evaluation of how the performance of the previous protocols varies with the number of nodes and the mobility *** study is premised upon the Quality of Service(QoS)metrics of throughput,packet delivery ratio,and end-to-end delay to gain an adequate understanding of the operational efficiency of each protocol under different network *** findings explained significant differences in the performance of different routing protocols;as a result,decisions for the selection and optimization of routing protocols can be taken effectively according to different network *** paper is a step forward in the general understanding of the routing dynamics of MANETs and contributes significantly to the strategic deployment of robust and efficient network infrastructures.

关键词： Routing protocols statistical approach friedman MANET

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A review of control strategies used for morphing aircraft applications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 436-463页

作者： Muhammed S.PARANCHEERIVILAKKATHIL Jafar S.PILAKKADAN Rafic M.AJAJ Mohammadreza AMOOZGAR Davood ASADI yahya ZWEIRI Michael I.FRISWELL Department of Aerospace Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Aerospace Engineering Advanced Research and Innovation Center(ARIC)Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Mechanical Materials&Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Aerospace Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology UniversityTurkey College of Engineering Swansea UniversitySwansea SA18ENUK

This paper reviews the various control algorithms and strategies used for fixed-wing morphing aircraft applications. It is evident from the literature that the development of control algorithms for morphing aircraft technologies focused on three main areas. The first area is related to precise control of the shape of morphing concepts for various flight conditions. The second area is mainly related to the flight dynamics, stability, and control aspects of morphing aircraft. The third area deals mainly with aeroelastic control using morphing concepts either for load alleviation purposes and/or to control the instability boundaries. The design of controllers for morphing aircraft/wings is very challenging due to the large changes that can occur in the structural, aerodynamic, and inertial characteristics. In addition, the type of actuation system and actuation rate/speed can have a significant effect on the design of such controllers. The aerospace community is in strong need of such a critical review especially as morphing aircraft technologies move from fundamental research at a low Technology Readiness Level(TRL) to real-life applications. This critical review aims to identify research gaps and propose future directions. In this paper, research activities/papers are categorized according to the control strategy used. This ranges from simple Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controllers at one end to complex robust adaptive controllers and deep learning algorithms at the other end. This includes analytical, computational, and experimental studies. In addition, the various dynamic models used and their fidelities are highlighted and discussed.

关键词： Control strategies Morphing aircraft Shape morphing Flight dynamics Aeroelasticity

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Thermal Decomposition of Olive-Solid Waste by TGA: Characterization and Devolatilization Kinetics under Nitrogen and Oxygen Atmospheres

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 31-47页

作者： yahya H. Khraisha Chemical Engineering Department University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Despite the fact that a few countries in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have limited crude oil reserves, they have abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies heavily on the importation of natural gas and crude oil for its energy needs;but, by applying thermochemical conversion techniques, leftover olive oil can be used to replace these energy sources. Understanding the chemical, physical, and thermal characteristics of raw materials is essential to obtaining the most out of these conversion processes. Thermogravimetric analysis was used in this study to examine the thermal behavior of olive-solid residue (kernel) at three different heating rates (5, 20 and 40 C/min) in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. The initial degradation temperature, the residual weight at 500 and 700˚C and the thermal degradation rate during the devolatilization stage (below 400˚C) were all determined. It was found that in N2 and O2 atmospheres, both the initial degradation temperature and the degradation rate increase with increasing heating rates. As heating rates increase in the N2 atmosphere, the residual weight at 500 or 700˚C decreases slightly, but at low heating rates compared to high heating rates in the O2 atmosphere, it decreases significantly. This suggests that a longer lignin oxidation process is better than a shorter one. Coats and Redfern approach was used to identify the mechanism and activation energy for the devolatilization stage of pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. The process mechanism analysis revealed that the model of first-order and second-order reactions may adequately describe the mechanism of heat degradation of the devolatilization step of olive-solid waste for pyrolysis and oxidation processes, respectively.

关键词： Biomass Olive-Solid Waste Thermogravimetry Pyrolysis Oxidation Heating Rates Kinetics

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Melittin analog p5RHH enhances recombinant adeno-associated virus transduction efficiency

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 72-82页

作者： Jing-shun Meng Yun He Heng-bin Yang Li-ping Zhou Si-yuan Wang Xi-lin Feng Omar yahya Al-shargi Xiao-min Yu Li-qing Zhu Chang-quan Ling Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203China Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200043China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology(Ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Yantai Fuheng Biological Technology Co. Ltd.YantaiShandong Province 264006China. Department of Clinical Laboratory the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Objective Melittin and its derivatives have been characterized to establish effective gene delivery *** capability of facilitating endosomal release enhances the nanoparticles-based gene ***,little investigation has been conducted to explore its potential application in the context of viral *** Various melittin-derived peptides were inserted into the loop VIII of the capsid proteins of recombinant adeno-associated virus *** vectors carrying either gfp or fluc genes were subjected to qPCR assays and transduction assays of HEK293T cells to investigate the efficiency of vector production and gene *** addition,the ability of a specific p5RHH-rAAV vector to deliver genes was examined through in vitro transduction of different cultured cells and in vivo tail vein administration to C57BL/6 ***,the intricate details of the vector-mediated transduction mechanisms were revealed by specific pharmacological inhibitors of every stage of the rAAV2 intracellular life *** A total of 76 melittin-related peptides were compiled from existing *** them,cMA2,Melt13,p5RHH and aAR3 were found to significantly enhance the gene delivery efficiency of rAAV2 *** p5RHH-rAAV2 vectors efficiently transduced not only rAAV-potent cell lines but also cell lines previously considered resistant to ***,bafilomycin A1,a vacuolar endosome acidification inhibitor,completely inhibited the transgene expression mediated by the p5RHH-rAAV2 *** importantly,p5RHH-rAAV8 vectors also demonstrated increased hepatic transduction in vivo in C57BL/6 *** The incorporation of melittin analogues into the rAAV capsids results in a significant improvement in rAAV-mediated transgene *** further modifications remain an area of interest,our studies have substantially broadened the pharmacological prospects of melittin in the context of viral vector-mediated gene delivery.

关键词： Melittin Recombinant adeno-associated virus Capsid engineering Transduction efficiency

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Promoting Ethical Sensitivity in Nursing Education:A Systematic Review of Case Study-Based Health Education

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第4期8卷 22-29页

作者： Jinyi Tang Santhna Letchmi Panduragan Fatimah yahya Nisha Nambiar Faculty of Nursing Lincoln University CollegeMalaysia

Introduction: Nursing ethical sensitivity refers to a nurse’s capacity for thoughtful consideration of ethical issues when faced with dilemmas. In the nursing domain, ethical dilemmas arise when nurses face challenges in making sound ethical decisions during clinical practice. These challenges may stem from conflicts between personal values and professional responsibilities. Methodology: Articles downloaded from Pub Med, CNKI, and Google Scholar were reviewed. Results: After rigorous screening, a meticulous analysis was conducted, encompassing 10 articles and involving a substantial cohort of 2863 participants. Existing literature revealed variations in the ethical dilemmas faced by nurses across different departments. The ethical sensitivity of nurses also varies, with higher ethical sensitivity correlating with stronger empathetic abilities. Zhen et al. classified the causes of ethical dilemmas into four main categories: (1) Ethical dilemmas arising from personal reasons of nursing students;(2) Ethical dilemmas stemming from the actions of teachers;(3) Ethical dilemmas triggered by patients;(4) Ethical dilemmas resulting from miscellaneous reasons. Conclusion: According to literature findings, nursing ethical sensitivity was positively linked to the nurse’s ethical decision-making ability. A case study-oriented teaching program has proven effective in enhancing ethical sensitivity among nursing students.

关键词： Ethical sensitivity Ethical dilemma Case study education Nursing ethical sensitivity scale Influencing factors Nursing student

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Accelerating Large-Scale Sorting through Parallel Algorithms

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第1期12卷 131-138页

作者： yahya Alhabboub Fares Almutairi Mohammed Safhi Yazan Alqahtani Adam Almeedani Yasir Alguwaifli College of Computer Science and Information Technology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia

This study explores the application of parallel algorithms to enhance large-scale sorting, focusing on the QuickSort method. Implemented in both sequential and parallel forms, the paper provides a detailed comparison of their performance. This study investigates the efficacy of both techniques through the lens of array generation and pivot selection to manage datasets of varying sizes. This study meticulously documents the performance metrics, recording 16,499.2 milliseconds for the serial implementation and 16,339 milliseconds for the parallel implementation when sorting an array by using C++ chrono library. These results suggest that while the performance gains of the parallel approach over its serial counterpart are not immediately pronounced for smaller datasets, the benefits are expected to be more substantial as the dataset size increases.

关键词： Sorting Algorithm Quick Sort QuickSort Parallel Parallel Algorithms

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