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Symmetry features for license plate classification

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2018年第3期3卷 176-183页

作者： Karpuravalli Srinivas Raghunandan palaiahnakote Shivakumara Lolika Padmanabhan Govindaraju Hemantha Kumar Tong Lu umapada pal Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Karnataka India Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia PES Institute of Technology Bangalore Karnataka India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing People's Republic of China Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Achieving high recognition rate for license plate images is challenging due to multi-type images. We present new symmetry features based on stroke width for classifying each input license image as private, taxi, cursive text, when they expand the symbols by writing and non-text such that an appropriate optical character recognition （OCR） can be chosen for enhancing recognition performance. The proposed method explores gradient vector flow （GVF） for defining symmetry features, namely, GVF opposite direction, stroke width distance, and stroke pixel direction. Stroke pixels in Canny and Sobel which satisfy the above symmetry features are called local candidate stroke pixels. Common stroke pixels of the local candidate stroke pixels are considered as the global candidate stroke pixels. Spatial distribution of stroke pixels in local and global symmetry are explored by generating a weighted proximity matrix to extract statistical features, namely, mean, standard deviation, median and standard deviation with respect the median. The feature matrix is finally fed to an support vector machine （SVM） classifier for classification. Experimental results on large datasets for classification show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. The usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed classification is demonstrated by conducting recognition experiments before and after classification.

关键词：车牌图像图像识别识别技术计算机技术

CNN-RNN based method for license plate recognition

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2018年第3期3卷 169-175页

作者： palaiahnakote Shivakumara Dongqi Tang Maryam Asadzadehkaljahi Tong Lu umapada pal Mohammad Hossein Anisi Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing Universiry Nanjing People's Republic of China Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex CO4 3SQ Colchester UK

Achieving good recognition results for License plates is challenging due to multiple adverse factors. For instance, in Malaysia, where private vehicle （e.g., cars） have numbers with dark background, while public vehicle （taxis/cabs） have numbers with white background. To reduce the complexity of the problem, we propose to classify the above two types of images such that one can choose an appropriate method to achieve better results. Therefore, in this work, we explore the combination of Convolutional Neural Networks （CNN） and Recurrent Neural Networks namely, BLSTM （Bi-Directional Long Short Term Memory）, for recognition. The CNN has been used for feature extraction as it has high discriminative ability, at the same time, BLSTM has the ability to extract context information based on the past information. For classification, we propose Dense Cluster based Voting （DCV）, which separates foreground and background for successful classification of private and public. Experimental results on live data given by MIMOS, which is funded by Malaysian Government and the standard dataset UCSD show that the proposed classification outperforms the existing methods. In addition, the recognition results show that the recognition performance improves significantly after classification compared to before classification.

关键词：车牌识别识别率发展现状人工智能

Multi-gradient-direction based deep learning model for arecanut disease identification

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2022年第2期7卷 156-166页

作者： S.B.Mallikarjuna palaiahnakote Shivakumara Vijeta Khare M.Basavanna umapada pal B.Poornima Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bapuji Institute of Engineering and TechnologyDavanagereAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Theological UniversityBelagaviKarnatakaIndia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia Adani Institute of Infrastructure Engineering AhmedabadIndia Department of Computer Science Davanagere UniversityDavanagereKarnatakaIndia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical InstituteKolkataWest BengalIndia

Arecanut disease identification is a challenging problem in the field of image *** this work,we present a new combination of multi-gradient-direction and deep con-volutional neural networks for arecanut disease identification,namely,rot,split and *** to the effect of the disease,there are chances of losing vital details in the *** enhance the fine details in the images affected by diseases,we explore multi-Sobel directional masks for convolving with the input image,which results in enhanced *** proposed method extracts arecanut as foreground from the enhanced images using Otsu ***,the features are extracted for foreground information for disease identification by exploring the ResNet *** advantage of the proposed approach is that it identifies the diseased images from the healthy arecanut *** results on the dataset of four classes(healthy,rot,split and rot-split)show that the proposed model is superior in terms of classification rate.

关键词： deep learning image analysis pattern recognition

Intricacies during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 62-64页

作者： Richa Rattan Rimesh pal Parul Chawla Gupta Arvind Kumar Morya Ripunjay Prasad Department of Endocrinology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012PunjabIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Ophthalmology RP Eye InstituteDelhi 110001India

The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass *** analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to *** these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods ***,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics *** study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for *** GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical *** its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Biomarkers Differentially expressed proteins Retinol-binding protein 4 Angiopoietin-like 8 Proteomics Lifestyle interventions Early prediction

Mechanical, electrical, and thermal expansion properties of carbon nanotube-based silver and silver–palladium alloy composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第11期21卷 1132-1140页

作者： Hemant pal Vimal Sharma Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Department of Physics Govt. Post graduate College

The mechanical, electrical, and thermal expansion properties of carbon nanotube（CNT）-based silver and silver–palladium（10：1, w/w） alloy nanocomposites are reported. To tailor the properties of silver, CNTs were incorporated into a silver matrix by a modified molecular level-mixing process. CNTs interact weakly with silver because of their non-reactive nature and lack of mutual solubility. Therefore, palladium was utilized as an alloying element to improve interfacial adhesion. Comparative microstructural characterizations and property evaluations of the nanocomposites were performed. The structural characterizations revealed that decorated type-CNTs were dispersed, embedded, and anchored into the silver matrix. The experimental results indicated that the modification of the silver and silver–palladium nanocomposite with CNT resulted in increases in the hardness and Young＇s modulus along with concomitant decreases in the electrical conductivity and the coefficient of thermal expansion（CTE）. The hardness and Young＇s modulus of the nanocomposites were increased by 30%？40% whereas the CTE was decreased to 50%-60% of the CTE of silver. The significantly improved CTE and the mechanical properties of the CNT-reinforced silver and silver–palladium nanocomposites are correlated with the intriguing properties of CNTs and with good interfacial adhesion between the CNTs and silver as a result of the fabrication process and the contact action of palladium as an alloying element.

关键词： metal matrix composites carbon nanotubes mechanical properties coefficient of thermal expansion electrical conductivity

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Settling and spreading behaviour of particle clusters in quiescent liquids in confined vessels

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Particuology 2023年第12期83卷 91-100页

作者： Sayan pal Amol A.Kulkarni Chemical Engineering&Process Development Division CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune411008India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India University College London Torrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK

Here we report experiments on particle cluster settling at high Reynolds number in quiescent liquid contained in a *** particles were observed to spread at the vessel bottom surface in a near-circular annular shape after settling irrespective of the shape of the vessel cross-section and particle shape,size,and *** of different parameters such as mass,type and aspect ratio of the particles,height,and viscosity of liquid was investigated on spreading *** of the hemispherical bottom cap of the cluster that bounces upon hitting the vessel bottom surface was found to be responsible for the final circular annular shape of the settled *** leakage from the cluster was seen in the form of a *** the liquid having viscosity beyond 100 cP,cluster breakage was observed that resulted in hindered settling and asymmetric shapes of finally settled *** observations are useful to understand the overall area over which settling and spreading of such clusters can be observed.

关键词： Particle cluster Temporal evolution Settling Spreading

Single Fully Differential Second Generation Current Conveyor Based Four-Quadrant Analog Multiplier Design and Its Applications

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2020年第5期29卷 959-965页

作者： ROY Suvajit pal Radha-Raman Department of Physics and Technophysics Vidyasagar University

This manuscript presents a new fourquadrant analog multiplier using a recently reported current mode active building block, namely the Fully differential second generation current conveyor(FDCCⅡ).The proposed circuit employs single FDCCⅡ and two NMOSFETs only, thus has simple architecture. It is fully-integrable as no other external passive component has been used. Non-ideal behaviour of the reported configuration has been analysed considering current and voltage tracking errors of the FDCCⅡ. Workability of the derived multiplier is verified with PSPICE(Cadence16.6) simulations using model parameter of TSMC 0.35μm CMOS process and found to be in close agreement with theoretical anticipations. The static power consumption of the circuit is 0.107 mW. The circuit works well with good linearity(nonlinearity error ≤ 0.96%) for the input voltage range of ±0.5 V for a supply voltage of ±1 V and the output is insensitive to temperature variation. Simulation results show that the –3 dB bandwidth of the proposed multiplier is 20.67 MHz and the output referred noise√is less than 9 nV/Hz at 1 kΩ load condition. MonteCarlo analysis has also been performed for the proposed configuration. The applicability of the reported multiplier as amplitude modulator, squarer, and frequency doubler are also demonstrated.

关键词： Four-quadrant analog multiplier Fully differential second generation current conveyor (FDCCII) Amplitude modulator Squarer Frequency doubler

Interaction behavior and load sharing pattern of piled raft using nonlinear regression and LM algorithm-based artificial neural network

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第5期15卷 1181-1198页

作者： Plaban DEB Sujit Kumar pal Department of Civil Engineering G H Raisoni College of Engineering&ManagementPune 412207India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of TechnologyAgartala 799046India

In the recent era,piled raft foundation(PRF)has been considered an emergent technology for offshore and onshore *** previous studies,there is a lack of illustration regarding the load sharing and interaction behavior which are considered the main intents in the present *** element(FE)models are prepared with various design variables in a double-layer soil system,and the load sharing and interaction factors of piled rafts are *** obtained results are then checked statistically with nonlinear multiple regression(NMR)and artificial neural network(ANN)modeling,and some prediction models are *** models are prepared with Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm for load sharing and interaction factors through backpropagation *** factor of safety(FS)of PRF is also estimated using the proposed NMR and ANN models,which can be used for developing the design strategy of PRF.

关键词： interaction load sharing ratio piled raft nonlinear regression artificial neural network

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Observation of Complex Organic Molecules Containing Peptide-like Bonds Toward Hot Core G358.93-0.03 MM1

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 181-189页

作者： Arijit Manna Sabyasachi pal Department of Physics and Astronomy Midnapore City CollegePaschim MedinipurWest Bengal721129India

In star formation regions,the complex organic molecules(COMs)that contain peptide bonds(-NH-C(=O)-)play a major role in the metabolic process because-NH-C(=O)-is connected to amino acids(R-CHNH_2-COOH).Over the past few decades,many COMs containing peptide-like bonds have been detected in hot molecular cores(HMCs),hot corinos,and cold molecular clouds,however,their prebiotic chemistry is poorly *** present the first detection of the rotational emission lines of formamide(NH_2CHO)and isocyanic acid(HNCO),which contain peptide-like bonds toward the chemically rich HMC G358.93-0.03 MM1,using high-resolution and high-sensitivity Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array bands 6 and *** estimate that the column densities of NH_2CHO and HNCO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1 are(2.80±0.29)×10~(15)cm~(-2)and(1.80±0.42)×10~(16)cm~(-2)with excitation temperatures of 165±21 K and 170±32 K,*** fractional abundances of NH_2CHO and HNCO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1 are(9.03±1.44)×10~(-10)and(5.80±2.09)×10^(-9).We compare the estimated abundances of NH_2CHO and HNCO with the existing threephase warm-up chemical model abundance values and notice that the observed and modeled abundances are very *** conclude that NH_2CHO is produced by the reaction of NH_2and H_2CO in the gas phase toward G358.93-0.03 ***,HNCO is produced on the surface of grains by the reaction of NH and CO toward G358.93-0.03 *** also find that NH_2CHO and HNCO are chemically linked toward G358.93-0.03 MM1.

关键词： ISM individual objects(G358.93-0.03)-ISM abundances-ISM kinematics and dynamics-stars formation-astrochemistry

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