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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第4期25卷 627-635页

作者： K.Chaitra P.Sivaraman R.T.Vinny umananda m.bhatta N.Nagaraju N.Kathyayini Department of Nanobiosciences Centre for Emerging TechnologiesJain Global CampusJain UniversityJakkasandra postKanakapura TalukRamanagara District Naval materials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry St.Joseph's College

Hydrous ruthenium oxide(h-Ru O) nanoparticles and its composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes(h-Ru O/mWCNT) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and proved to have potential application as hybrid supercapacitor material.The h-Ru Oand h-Ru O/mWCNT were characterized for their physico-chemical properties by PXRD,BET surface area,Raman,SEm-EDS and TEm techniques.The electrochemical performance of the materials were investigated,specific capacitance(Cs) of h-Ru Oand hRu O/mWCNT estimated by their cyclic voltammetric studies were found to be 604 and 1585 F/g respectively at a scan rate of 2 m V/s in the potential range 0–1.2 V.Further,this value was found to be nearly three times higher than that of pure h-Ru O.An asymmetric supercapacitor(AS) device was fabricated by employing h-Ru O/mWCNT as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode.The device exhibited Cs of 61.8 F/g at a scan rate of 2 m V/s.Further,the device showed excellent long term stability for 20,000 cycles with 88% capacitance retention at a high current density of 25 A/g.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Hybrid composites Asymmetric supercapacitors Cycle life

Extraction of Zr(IV) from hydrochloric acid with tri-octyl amine and Cyanex 921 in kerosene

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2013年第9期20卷 823-828页

作者： Bhikari Charan bhatta Nandita Panda Sujata mishra Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology Biju Pattanaik University of Technology Department of Chemistry Institute of Technical Education and Research Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University

This article reports the extraction of zirconium （IV） from aqueous HC1 solution by tri-octyl amine （TOA）, Cyanex 921, and their binary mixture using kerosene as the diluent. The effect of some parameters on the extraction of Zr（IV） was investigated such as equilibration time, aqueous phase acidity, extractant molarity, chloride ion concentration, nature of diluents, and temperature. The extraction of Zr（IV） was found to be 99% from 7.5 m HC1 using the mixture of extractants containing 0.1 m TOA and 0.02 m Cyanex 921 in kerosene. Kerosene was found to be the effective diluent for the extraction of Zr（IV） with the binary mixture of TOA and Cyanex 921. The positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change in the binary extraction system show the endothermic process with an increase in entropy. Stripping of Zr（IV） from the loaded organic phase containing the mixture of TOA （0.1 m） and Cyanex 921 （0.02 m） indicates that HNO3 and Na2CO3 are the best stripping agents.

关键词： zirconium solvent extraction hydrochloric acid tri-octyl amine Cyanex 921 kerosene

Deforestation Trends and Spatial modelling of its Drivers in the Dry Temperate Forests of Northern Pakistan–A Case Study of Chitral

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1192-1207页

作者： Khuram Shehzad Faisal m.Qamer mSR murthy Sawaid Abbas Laxmi D.bhatta International Centre for Integrated mountain Development (ICImOD) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Deforestation is a major environmental challenge in the mountain areas of Pakistan. The study assessed trends in the forest cover in Chitral tehsil over the last two decades using supervised land cover classification of Landsat Tm satellite images from 1992, 2000, and 2009, with a maximum likelihood algorithm. In 2009, the forest cover was 10.3% of the land area of Chitral(60,000 ha). The deforestation rate increased from 0.14% per annum in 1992–2000 to 0.54% per annum in 2000–2009, with 3,759 ha forest lost over the 17 years. The spatial drivers of deforestation were investigated using a cellular automaton modelling technique to project future forest conditions. Accessibility(elevation, slope), population density, distance to settlements, and distance to administrative boundary were strongly associated with neighbourhood deforestation. A model projection showed a further loss of 23% of existing forest in Chitral tehsil by 2030, and degradation of 8%, if deforestation continues at the present rate. Arandu Union Council, with 2212 households, will lose 85% of its forest. Local communities have limited income resources and high poverty and are heavily dependent on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. Continued deforestation will further worsen their livelihood conditions, thus improved conservation efforts are essential.

关键词：温带森林生态系统模型空间驱动程序森林砍伐森林覆盖率毁林土地覆盖分类 Tm卫星影像

microtopography driven plant species composition in alpine region: a fine-scale study from Southern Norway

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第3期17卷 542-555页

作者： bhattaRAI Prakash bhatta Kuber Prasad ZHANG Yang-jian VETAAS Ole Reidar Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biological Sciences University of BergenBergenN-5020Norway Department of Geography University of BergenBergenN-5020Norway

This study explores the relationship between the species composition of lichen and vascular plant species with microtopography at fine scale. We conducted our study in Hardengervidda National Park, Norway. Specifically, we aim to test whether the species richness of different plant lifeforms peaks at middle of the microtopography gradient, and then explain the observed patterns with an aid of snow cover gradient along microtopography and snow cover. We sampled 69 species of vascular plants and lichens in 151 plots of 4 m^2 along 23 transects during summer on Tronsbu, Sandhaug and Besso. Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) was performed to explore how microtopographical gradient was related to the variation in the species composition. One-way ANOVA was performed to test the microtopographic variability in species richness.Afterwards, generalized linear model(GLm) was used to reveal species richness patterns along the snow cover gradient. The first axis in DCA represents the complex gradient from snow free ridge to wet snowbed habitats and the second axis represents a gradient from acidic to calcareous sites. Lichen’s species richness is greater in ridge than in snowbeds, while all other life forms follow the opposite trend. Species richness for total plant species, vascular plant species and herbaceous plant species increased with increase in weighted average snow indicator value(WASI), whilst species richness for lichen species declined substantially towards the maximum WASI value. In contrast, species richness for dwarf shrub species showed a unimodal relationship with WASI. This study shows that liquid water availability provides a good potential explanation for species composition and richness in mountains, which is controlled by snow cover and prevalent wind direction.

关键词： Species richness Water energy dynamics hypothesis Weighted average snow indicator value microtopography Ordination

Velocity and thermal slip effects on mHD convective radiative two-phase flows in an asymmetric non-uniform channel

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Propulsion and Power Research 2021年第2期10卷 169-179页

作者： B.mallikarjuna S.H.C.V.Subba bhatta S.Ramprasad Department of mathematics B.M.S.College of EngineeringBangaloreAffiliated to VTUBelgaumKarnatakaIndia Department of mathematics M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyBangaloreAffiliated to VTUBelgaumKarnatakaIndia

This paper aims to examine the influence of thermal radiation on magnetohydrodynamics(mHD)convective two-phase flows through the asymmetric divergent channel under first-order velocity and thermal slip conditions.Suitable transformations are used to nondimensionalize the governed partial differential equations and then solved them numerically.A grid-independent test is done to check the consistency of the numerical method and then validated with existing published results in a limiting case.The graphical illustrations are provided to explain the impacts of various emerging parameters on flow fields.An enhancement in particle velocity is observed with an increment in the velocity slip parameter.As the temperature slip parameter improves a decrement in the fluid as well as particle temperature is observed.An increment in radiation parameter augments fluid temperature.This type of flow has multifarious range applications like fluidized beds,gas cooling systems,polishing heart valves and internal cavities,etc.

关键词： Particulate suspension Two phase flows Heat transfer Thermal radiation Divergent channel

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli m.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik m.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H.m.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.m.m. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m.G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung m. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m.T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo m.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia m. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.m. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari m-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced background.This paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS experiment.Two taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet pseudorapidity.Differences in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

Binary mixture of Tri-Octyl Amine and Cyanex 923 as Extractant for the Extraction of Zr (IV) from Acidic Chloride medium

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International Journal of Nonferrous metallurgy 2014年第2期3卷 9-17页

作者： Bhikari Charan bhatta Sujata mishra Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha Department of Chemistry Institute of Technical Education and Research Siksha 'O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar Odisha India

The extraction of zirconium (IV) from aqueous HCl solution by binary mixture TOA and Cyanex 923 using kerosene as diluent was studied. The effect of parameters like aqueous phase acid concentration, extractant concentration, chloride ion concentration, diverse ion effect, metal loading, nature of diluents and temperature on the extraction of Zr (IV) was investigated. The percentage of extraction of Zr(IV) became 100% with 0.1 m TOA and 0.01 m Cyanex 923 from 7 m HCl and also from 4 m HCl with 0.1 m TOA and 0.02 m Cyanex 923. Benzene was found to be effective diluent for the extraction of Zr(IV) with binary mixture of TOA and Cyanex 923. The positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change in the binary extraction system show endothermic process with increase in randomness. Stripping of Zr (IV) from the loaded organic phase containing mixture of TOA (0.1 m) and Cyanex 923 (0.01 m) indicated that HNO3 and Na2CO3 are the best stripping agents.

关键词： Zirconium Solvent Extraction Hydrochloric Acid TOA Cyanex 923 Kerosene

Charcoal Production as a means of Forest management, Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihood Support in Nepal

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2017年第3期7卷 187-193页

作者： menaka Panta Neupane Kishor Prasad bhatta Suman Ghimire International Union for Conservation of Nature Nepal Country Office P.O. Box No. 3923 Kupondole Lalitpur Nepal

Distribution and Habitat Preference of Red Panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens fulgens</i>) in Jumla District, Nepal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第15期4卷 989-1001页

作者： manoj bhatta Karan Bahadur Shah Bhupendra Devkota Rajiv Paudel Saroj Panthi Amrit Science Campus Kathmandu Nepal Natural History museum Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal College of Applied Science Kathmandu Nepal Winrock International Lalitpur Nepal Department of Forests District Forest Office Darchula Nepal

Reliable and sufficient information regarding status, distribution and habitat preference of red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) is lacking in Nepal. The research activities on red panda in the mid-western Nepal are very limited, so the status of red panda in the region is quite unknown. The study conducted during may, 2013 in three Village Development Committees (VDCs) namely Godhemahadev, malikathata and Tamti of Jumla district was an important step for providing vital information including distribution and habitat preference of this species. The study included the reconnaissance, key informants survey, interviews and consultation for the most potential area identification, opportunistic survey comprising the direct observation and indirect sign count method for the presence and distribution, habitat assessment consisting vegetation sampling and ocular estimation. The study revealed the presence of red panda in three forests namely Bahirepatan, Imilchadamar and Tyakot of Godhemahadev, Tamti and malikathata VDCs respectively. The species was found distributed between 2880 and 3244 m with an average dropping encounter rate of 1.04 per hour of searching effort and 12 pellets per dropping. Red panda mostly preferred the habitat in the elevation range of 2900 - 3000 m with southwest facing steep slopes (36? - 45?), associated with water sources at the distance of ≤100 m. Trees such as Acer spp., Betula utilis and Quercus semecarpifolia, shrub species of Elaeagnus parvifolia, Drepanostachyum spp. and Jasminum humile, and the herbs like Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Fragaria nubicola and Galium asperifolium were found to be the most preferred species by red panda. The red panda preferred the habitat with dense crown coverage (>20% - 100%) and 31% - 50% ground cover. Fallen logs (39%) were the most preferred substrate used for defecation.

关键词： Distribution Habitat Preference Jumla Red Panda Sign

Evaluation of Nitrate Reductase Assay for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

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Open Journal of medical microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 138-141页

作者： Ranjit Kumar Sah Dwij Raj bhatta Gokarna Raj Ghimire Jeevan Bahadur Sherchand Central Department of microbiology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Institute of medicine Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu Nepal National Tuberculosis Center Bhaktapur Nepal

Emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mDR-TB) urgently demands for simple, rapid and inexpensive methods of its detection for the effective treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, particularly in low-income countries. A total of 113 clinical isolates of m. tuberculosis were tested for four first line antitubercular drugs by nitrate reductase assay (NRA) and were compared with standard proportion method to evaluate NRA efficacy. Results were available in 7 - 14 days by NRA as compared to proportion method which generally takes 4 - 6 weeks. The sensitivity and specificity of NRA were 98.1% and 100% for isoniazid, 95.1% and 98.6% for rifampicin, 91.4% and 94.9% for streptomycin, and 78.6% and 97.9% for ethambutol, respectively. Agreement between NRA and proportion method were 99.1%, 97.3%, 93.8%, 95.6% for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol, respectively. NRA is easier, inexpensive and reliable method for susceptibility testing of mycobacterum tuberculosis for isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most im- portant drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. The reduction in susceptibility testing time, and higher sensitivity and specificity of NRA method is of fundamental importance in detecting mDR-TB.

关键词： Drug Susceptibility mDR-TB NRA Proportion method