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An Adaptive Scalable Data Pipeline for Multiclass Attack Classification in Large-Scale IoT Networks

Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 500-511页

作者： Selvam Saravanan uma maheswari balasubramanian Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of ComputingAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035India

The current large-scale Internet of Things(IoT)networks typically generate high-velocity network traffic *** use IoT devices to create botnets and launch attacks,such as DDoS,Spamming,Cryptocurrency mining,Phishing,*** service providers of large-scale IoT networks need to set up a data pipeline to collect the vast network traffic data from the IoT devices,store it,analyze it,and report the malicious IoT devices and types of ***,the attacks originating from IoT devices are dynamic,as attackers launch one kind of attack at one time and another kind of attack at another *** number of attacks and benign instances also vary from time to *** phenomenon of change in attack patterns is called concept ***,the attack detection system must learn continuously from the ever-changing real-time attack patterns in large-scale IoT network *** meet this requirement,in this work,we propose a data pipeline with Apache Kafka,Apache Spark structured streaming,and MongoDB that can adapt to the ever-changing attack patterns in real time and classify attacks in large-scale IoT *** concept drift is detected,the proposed system retrains the classifier with the instances that cause the drift and a representative subsample instances from the previous training of the *** proposed approach is evaluated with the latest dataset,IoT23,which consists of benign and several attack instances from various IoT *** classification accuracy is improved from 97.8%to 99.46%by the proposed *** training time of distributed random forest algorithm is also studied by varying the number of cores in Apache Spark environment.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT) concept drift Apache Spark MongoDB Apache Kafka streaming

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Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance,intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 344-361页

作者： Wenchao Liu Huimei Liu Yaoyao Wang Zhongxiang Zhao Balamuralikrishnan balasubramanian Rajesh Jha Department of Animal Science College of Coastal Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong 524088People’s Republic of China Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Life ScienceSejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Global warming leading to heat stress(HS)is becoming a major challenge for broiler *** study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed(Enteromorpha prolifera)polysaccharides(EPS)on the intestinal barrier function,microbial ecology,and performance of broilers under HS.A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers(male,56 days old)with 682.59±7.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups:1)TN(thermal neutral zone,23.6±1.8℃),2)HS(heat stress,33.2±1.5℃ for 10 h/d),and 3)HSE(HS+0.1%EPS).Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per *** study was conducted for 4 weeks;feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and *** the end of the feeding trial,small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology,antioxidant,secretory immunoglobulin A(s Ig A)content,apoptosis,gene and protein expression analysis;cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S r DNA *** Dietary EPS promoted the average daily gain(ADG)of broilers during 3–4 weeks of HS(P<0.05).At the end of HS on broilers,the activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),glutathione S-transferase(GST),and the content of s Ig A in jejunum were improved by EPS supplementation(P<0.05).Besides,dietary EPS reduced the epithelial cell apoptosis of jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed broilers(P<0.05).Addition of EPS in HS group broilers'diet upregulated the relative m RNA expression of Occludin,ZO-1,γ-GCLc and IL-10 of the jejunum(P<0.05),whereas downregulated the relative m RNA expression of NF-κB p65,TNF-αand IL-1βof the jejunum(P<0.05).Dietary EPS increased the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1,whereas it reduced the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and MLCK(P<0.01)and tended to decrease the protein expression of TNF-α(P=0.094)in heat-stressed ***,the proportions of Bacteroides and Oscillospira among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine ex

关键词： Broilers Cecal microbiota Heat stress Intestinal barrier function Seaweed polysaccharides

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A Novel Eccentric Intrusion Detection Model Based on Recurrent Neural Networks with Leveraging LSTM

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3089-3127页

作者： Navaneetha Krishnan Muthunambu Senthil Prabakaran balasubramanian Prabhu Kavin Kishore Senthil Siruvangur Kavitha Chinnadurai Jehad Ali Department of Computer Applications Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India Department of Data Science and Business Systems College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyJeppiaar NagarRajiv Gandhi SalaiChennai600119India Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Korea

The extensive utilization of the Internet in everyday life can be attributed to the substantial accessibility of online services and the growing significance of the data transmitted via the ***,this development has expanded the potential targets that hackers might *** adequate safeguards,data transmitted on the internet is significantly more susceptible to unauthorized access,theft,or *** identification of unauthorised access attempts is a critical component of cybersecurity as it aids in the detection and prevention of malicious *** research paper introduces a novel intrusion detection framework that utilizes Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN)integrated with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)*** proposed model can identify various types of cyberattacks,including conventional and distinctive *** networks,a specific kind of feedforward neural networks,possess an intrinsic memory *** Neural Networks(RNNs)incorporating Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)mechanisms have demonstrated greater capabilities in retaining and utilizing data dependencies over extended *** such as data types,training duration,accuracy,number of false positives,and number of false negatives are among the parameters employed to assess the effectiveness of these models in identifying both common and unusual *** are utilised in conjunction with LSTM to support human analysts in identifying possible intrusion events,hence enhancing their decision-making capabilities.A potential solution to address the limitations of Shallow learning is the introduction of the Eccentric Intrusion Detection *** model utilises Recurrent Neural Networks,specifically exploiting LSTM *** proposed model achieves detection accuracy(99.5%),generalisation(99%),and false-positive rate(0.72%),the parameters findings reveal that it is superior to state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Cybersecurity intrusion detection machine learning leveraging long short-term memory(LLSTM) CICIDS2019 dataset innovative cyberattacks

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Accelerated intermetallic phase amorphization in a Mg-based high-entropy alloy powder

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1792-1798页

作者： Prince Sharma Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi Kerri-Lee Chintersingh Mirko Schoenitz Edward L.Dreizin Sz-Chian Liou Ganesh balasubramanian Institute for Functional Materials&Devices Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Center of Materials for Advanced Energetics New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA

We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical *** presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy *** from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic *** transformation,characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder,lattice expansion,and the presence of nanograin boundaries,signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic ***,this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational *** atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing.

关键词： High-entropy alloy High-energy milling Antisite disorder Amorphous Intermetallic

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满盒巧克力

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中学生英语 2024年第25期 13-15页

作者： balasubramanian 周硕

从前，有两个朋友理查德和乔治，两人的关系很好。一天，理查德在商店里看到一块美味的巧克力棒。他非常想要它。一想到它，他就流口水。当他梦见巧克力棒时，他的好朋友乔治来了。理查德那天得到了一支新铅笔。乔治看到了那支铅笔，非...

从前，有两个朋友理查德和乔治，两人的关系很好。一天，理查德在商店里看到一块美味的巧克力棒。他非常想要它。一想到它，他就流口水。当他梦见巧克力棒时，他的好朋友乔治来了。理查德那天得到了一支新铅笔。乔治看到了那支铅笔，非常喜欢它。他问理查德铅笔的价格。这只铅笔两美元，但他谎称它质量很好，花了他五美元。乔治非常喜欢这支铅笔，于是他花光了自己存的钱，付给了理查德。乔治得到了铅笔，理查德把钱花在了巧克力棒上。

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Spatiotemporal detection of land use/land cover changes and land surface temperature using Landsat and MODIS data across the coastal Kanyakumari district, India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 172-181页

作者： S.Chrisben Sam Gurugnanam balasubramanian Centre for Applied Geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to Be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia

This study assesses the changes in land use/land cover(LULC) and land surface temperature(LST) to identify their impacts from 2000 to 2020 along the coast of Kanyakumari district, India using remote sensing techniques. Landsat images are used to estimate the LULC changes and the MODIS data for *** Maximum Likelihood Classification(MLC) method is used, and the LULC is classified into six categories: Agriculture Land, Barren Land, Salt Pan, Sandy Beach, Settlement, and Waterbody. Within the two decades of the present change detection study, upheave in the Settlement area of 49.89% is noticed, and the Agriculture Land is exploited by 20.09%. Salt Pan emits a high LST of 31.57°C, and the Waterbodies are noticed with a low LST of 28.9°C. However, the overall rate of LST decreased by 0.56°C during this period. This study will help policymakers make appropriate planning and management to overcome the impact of LULC and LST in the forthcoming years.

关键词： Land use/land cover Land surface temperature Landsat MODIS and remote sensing

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Fault Recognition of Multilevel Inverter Using Artificial Neural Network Approach

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1331-1347页

作者： Aravind Athimoolam Karthik balasubramanian Research Scholar Faculty of Electrical EngineeringAnna UniversityChennai600025India Associate Professor Department of EEESona College of TechnologySalem636005India

This paper focuses on the development of a diagnostic tool for detect-ing insulated gate bipolar transistor power electronic switchﬂaws caused by both open and short circuit faults in multi-level inverter time-frequency output voltage speciﬁ***-resolution laboratory virtual instrument engineering work-bench software testing tool with a sample rate data collection system,as well as specialized signal processing and soft computing technologies,are used in this proposed *** a single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter,simu-lation and experimental investigations of both open and short issues of the insu-lated gate bipolar transistor components are performed *** all conceivable switch issues,the output voltage signals are evaluated for different modulation index *** fourier transform and discrete wavelet transform methods are used to investigate the frequency domain properties of output voltage *** the artiﬁcial neural network,the back propagation training technique was employed,and the generated neural parameter values were used in the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench real-time fault diagnosis model.

关键词： Back propagation learning DWT cascaded H-bridge MLI FFT sinusoidal PWM THD

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Leveraging Readability and Sentiment in Spam Review Filtering Using Transformer Models

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1439-1454页

作者： Sujithra Kanmani Surendiran balasubramanian Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology PuducherryKaraikalIndia

Online reviews significantly influence decision-making in many aspects of *** integrity of internet evaluations is crucial for both consumers and *** concern necessitates the development of effective fake review detection *** goal of this study is to identify fraudulent text reviews.A comparison is made on shill reviews *** reviews over sentiment and readability features using semi-supervised language processing methods with a labeled and balanced Deceptive Opinion *** analyze textual features accessible in internet reviews by merging sentiment mining approaches with ***,the research improves fake review screening by using various transformer models such as Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers(BERT),Robustly Optimized BERT(Roberta),XLNET(Transformer-XL)and XLM-Roberta(Cross-lingual Language model–Roberta).This proposed research extracts and classifies features from product reviews to increase the effectiveness of review *** evidenced by the investigation,the application of transformer models improves the performance of spam review filtering when related to existing machine learning and deep learning models.

关键词： Fraudulent sentiment readability BERT XLNET roberta XLMroberta

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Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride contamination in the groundwater of Noyyal basin,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 619-631页

作者： Karung Phaisonreng Kom balasubramanian Gurugnanam Swaminathan Bairavi Centre for Applied Geology Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be UniversityGandhigramDindigul 624302Tamil NaduIndia

The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human *** 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal basin,*** and chloride are the dominant cation and anion,*** nitrate concentration in groundwater samples varies from 2 to 89 mg/L,of which 33.33%are above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L for drinking *** fluoride concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/L,with 28.57%of the samples exceeding the safe value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking *** plots demonstrate that the potential of hydrogen(pH),electrical conductivity(EC),total dissolved solids(TDS),Na^(+)and HCO^(-)_(3)are positively correlated with F^(-),whereas Ca^(2+)is negatively *** Ca-Mg-Cl is the most common water type in the investigated *** Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction between rock and water impacts the groundwater *** the method of the United States Environmental Production Agency(USEPA),this study assesses the non-carcinogenic health risk posed by nitrate and fluoride in different age groups(infants,children,and adults).The values of total hazard index(THI)vary from 0.59 to 10.07(mean=4.76)for infants,0.36 to 6.23(mean=2.95)for children,and 0.19 to 3.32(mean=1.57)for ***,97.62%,92.86%,and 73.81%of the samples surpass the recommended limit(THI=1)for infants,children,and adults,***,the health risk assessment(HRA)indicates that infants and children are more susceptible to noncarcinogenic health hazards than *** THI spatial variation map shows that central and southern regions of the study area have been identified as high health risk areas(THI>3.0)for all age groups.

关键词： Nitrate Fluoride Non-carcinogenic Hazard quotient Total hazard index Noyyal basin

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Sexual plasticity in bony fishes:Analyzing morphological to molecular changes of sex reversal

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第5期7卷 525-539页

作者： Swathi Tenugu balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology School of Life SciencesUniversity of HyderabadP.O.Central UniversityHyderabad500046India

Sex reversal is one of the characteristic properties of sexual plasticity in bony fishes wherein both natural and induced sex change happens at various stages of life cycle in different *** determination in gonochoristic species is genetically regulated,wherein the same sex is retained throughout their life span whereas hermaphrodites change their sex during development or *** sequential hermaphrodites,serial sex change occurs at different points of life ***,synchronous hermaphrodites function as both the sexes during *** variables like temperature,pH and social factors can trigger sex reversal in *** reversal through gene mutations and chemicals/hormones,including sex steroids,can be induced mostly at early developmental stages but natural sex reversal can occur at any *** reversal mechanism shows morphological to molecular changes,which are ideal for identification of sex-specific gene *** fact,gonadal transdifferentiation occurs at the molecular level through differential expression of transcription factors and steroidogenic enzyme genes vis-a-vis hormones,thereby imparting phenotypic or structural *** addition,brain shows sexual dimorphism which is mostly consequential to gonadal sex development and occasionally either *** major breakthrough in this line is the identification of sex determining genes such as dmy/dmrt1Yb,gsdfY,sox3 in the Japanese medaka and amhY in Patagonian ***,the induction of mono-sex population by favouring one sex due to sex-specific differences in growth is an important economic boom for *** review comprehensively highlights key molecular factors involved in natural and induced sex reversal conditions to illustrate teleostean sexual plasticity and its application perspectives.

关键词： Sex reversal Sequential hermaphrodite Sex steroids Gonadal transdifferentiation Sexual dimorphism Teleost

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