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鸟类形态特征的同质性比较

动物学杂志 2024年第3期59卷 321-336页

作者：郑雪星 Per G.P.ericson 屈延华中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部合肥230026 中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学院重点实验室北京100010 瑞典自然历史博物馆瑞典斯德哥尔摩50007

鸟类作为脊椎动物中的主要类群之一,其内部演化关系一直是动物学研究的重点。形态特征及分子特征在推断鸟类内部类群间的系统发育关系时被广泛应用,但长久以来受制于同质性的影响,不同形态特征难以得到一致的系统发育关系。随着基因组... 详细信息

鸟类作为脊椎动物中的主要类群之一,其内部演化关系一直是动物学研究的重点。形态特征及分子特征在推断鸟类内部类群间的系统发育关系时被广泛应用,但长久以来受制于同质性的影响,不同形态特征难以得到一致的系统发育关系。随着基因组测序技术及分析方法的快速发展,基于大量DNA序列数据所建的物种树成为领域内普遍认可的鸟类系统发育关系。在此基础之上,重新挖掘形态特征的研究价值成为可能。本研究基于Prum发表于2015年的鸟类科级水平系统发育树,比较了不同形态特征同质性水平的差异,讨论了形态特征对于提高分子特征系统发育信号及分子树支持率的作用。研究发现,不同种类形态特征的同质性水平存在显著的差异,以一致性指数为标准,杂项特征(包括神经、肌腱及肠道的特征)的得分显著高于骨学特征和肌学特征(P<0.01),颅骨特征的得分显著高于非颅骨、躯干及腿部特征的得分(P<0.05);加入形态特征能够显著提高分子特征的系统发育信号(P<0.05),也提高了分子树的支持率。综上所述,不同的形态特征在同质性水平的得分上具有显著差异,在分子特征上加入形态特征既能够提高分子特征的系统发育信号,也能够提高分子树的支持率。

关键词：形态特征同质性水平一致性指数系统发育信号支持率

Comparative population genomics reveals glacial cycles to drive diversifications in tropical montane birds(Aves,Timaliidae)

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Avian Research 2022年第4期13卷 399-406页

作者： Per G.P.ericson Martin Irestedt Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryP.O.Box 50007SE-10405StockholmSweden

Many bird species are specialized to live in the broadleaved,evergreen forests in the mountain regions in Southeast *** mountain habitats are not continuously distributed as the different mountain areas are separated by lowlands,which has restricted gene flow and thus contributed to the high biological diversity in this *** degree of connectivity between mountain areas has fluctuated with the Pleistocene glacial cycles,being largest during the glaciations when the mountain forests spread to lower *** we study how the intermittent periods of restricted gene flow and connectivity between the populations of five montane species of babblers(Aves,Timaliidae)in Vietnam may be traced in their *** results suggest that the babbler species in the Central Highlands have been isolated from their sister-populations in northern Vietnam for between ca.585 and 380 *** two species with populations in both the Central Highlands and the Da Lat region,we found that these split at more or less the same time(440–340 kya).We also found a significant statistical correlation between the time of the splits of these populations and the lowest altitude at which they are known to occur(no similar correlation was found with the geographic distances between populations).The populations in northern Vietnam show higher genetic variation than their counterparts in South-Central Vietnam,supporting the postulate that smaller populations may have lower genetic variation than *** accordance with this,we found the lowest genetic variation in the two species with the smallest populations in the Central *** two populations also show low levels of genomic *** results show that the south-central populations of the studied babbler species are genetically distinct from their sister-populations in northern Vietnam,providing additional argument for the long-term protection of the evergreen mountain forests in Southeast Asia.

关键词： Aves Timaliidae Babblers Demographic history Fragmented distributions Pleistocene glacial cycles Population genomics Tropical mountain forests

A New Enantiornithes(Aves) from the Early Cretaceous of China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第4期88卷 1034-1040页

作者： Johan DALSTT Per G.P.ericson Zhonge ZHOU Department of Vertebrate Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural History Department of Geological Sciences Stockholm University Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences

A new bird from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China is described. This new species, Grabauornis lingyuanensis, shares several synapomorphies with the Enantiornithes. The specimen is relatively well preserved. The skeletal morphology of Grabauornis bears close resemblance to that of other Chinese members of this clade. The brachial index （the ratio between the lengths of humerus and ulna） is 0.95, which is close to the average for enantiornithine birds. It indicates that Grabauornis was a rather good flyer, and the presence of an alula in the wing further testifies to this.

关键词： Enantiornithes Aves Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation Liaoning China

Evolutionary relationships of mitogenomes in a recently radiated Old World avian family

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 153-159页

作者： Wenqing Zang Zhiyong Jiang Per G.P.ericson Gang Song Sergei VDrovetski Takema Saitoh Fumin Lei Yanhua Qu Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryPO Box 50007SE-10405StockholmSweden Laboratories of Analytical Biology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20004USA U.S.Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research RefugeLaurelMD 20708USA Yamashina Institute for Ornithology AbikoChibaJapan Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

Environmentally heterogeneous mountains provide opportunities for rapid diversification and *** family Prunellidae(accentors)is a group of birds comprising primarily mountain specialists that have recently radiated across the Palearctic *** rapid diversification poses challenges to resolving their *** we sequenced the complete mitogenomes and estimated the phylogeny using all 12(including 28 individuals)currently recognized species of *** reconstructed the mitochondrial genome phylogeny using 13 protein-coding genes of 12 species and 2 Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus).Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using a suite of analyses:maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and the coalescent-based *** times were estimated by implementing a Bayesian relaxed clock model in *** on the BEAST time-calibrated tree,we implemented an ancestral area reconstruction using RASP *** phylogenies based on the maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and SVDquartets approaches support a clade of large-sized accentors(subgenus Laiscopus)to be sister to all other accentors with small size(subgenus Prunella).In addition,the trees also support the sister relationship of *** and ***+*** with 100%bootstrap support,but the relationships among the remaining eight species in the Prunella clade are poorly *** species cluster in different positions in the three phylogenetic trees and the nodes are often poorly *** five nodes separating the seven species diverged simultaneously within less than half million years(i.e.,between 2.71 and 3.15 million years ago),suggesting that the recent radiation is likely responsible for rampant incomplete lineage sorting and gene tree *** area reconstruction indicates a central Palearctic region origin for *** study highlights that whole mitochondrial genome phylogeny can resolve major lineages within Prun

关键词： Incomplete lineage sorting Mitochondrial genome Mountain specialists Radiation

A crowd-sourced genomic project to assess hybrid content in a rare avian vagrant(Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus(Pallas,1770))

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 545-552页

作者： Martin Irestedt Filip Thorn Per G.P.ericson Hein van Grouw Yaroslav A.Red'kin Alexander Hellquist Frank Johansson Johan A.A.Nylander Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden Department of Zoology Stockholm University Sweden Bird Group Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumTringUnited Kingdom Zoological Museum Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAS YakutskRussia Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala UniversitySweden Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

The aim of this study was to correlate plumage variation with the amount of genomic hybrid content in hybrids between Azure Tits Cyanistes cyanus(Pallas,1770)and European Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus(Linnaeus,1758),by re-sequencing the genomes of museum specimens of non-hybrids and presumed hybrids with varying *** project was funded by crowdsourcing and initiated when two presumed Azure Tits,observed by hundreds of Swedish birdwatchers,were rejected as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations assumed to indicate hybrid contents from the European Blue *** results confirm that hybrids with intermediate plumages,so called Pleske’s Tits,are first generation hybrids(F1 hybrids).Individuals,whose plumages are similar to Azure Tits,but assessed as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations,are all backcrosses but vary in their degree of hybrid ***,some individuals morphologically recognized as pure Azure Tits expressed similar degrees of hybrid *** results indicate that:(1)hybrid content may be widespread in Azure Tits in the western part of its habitat distribution;(2)plumage deviation in backcrosses is not linearly correlated with the genetic degree of hybrid origin;and(3)all Azure Tits observed in Europe outside its natural distribution may have some degree of hybrid *** therefore suggest that it is very difficult to phenotypically single out hybrids beyond first generation *** argue that decreased sequencing costs and improved analytical tools open the doors for museomic crowd-sourced projects that may not address outstanding biological questions but have a major interest for lay citizens such as birdwatchers.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Cyanistes cyanus Hybridization Museomics

种间竞争梯度对白车轴草与其病原菌白车轴草单孢锈菌相互作用的影响(英文)

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植物生态学报 2001年第3期25卷 344-350页

作者：刘登义 Lars ericson 安徽师范大学生物多样性研究中心芜湖241000 瑞典国立于默奥大学生态与环境科学系

白车轴草 (Trifolium repens)在与其病原菌白车轴草单孢锈菌 (Uromyces trifolii- repentis)的长期相互作用中分化形成了抗病型 (Resistance)无性系和易感型 (Susceptibility)无性系。该研究工作旨在了解 :1)在种间竞争不断增强的环境... 详细信息

白车轴草 (Trifolium repens)在与其病原菌白车轴草单孢锈菌 (Uromyces trifolii- repentis)的长期相互作用中分化形成了抗病型 (Resistance)无性系和易感型 (Susceptibility)无性系。该研究工作旨在了解 :1)在种间竞争不断增强的环境梯度中 ,抗病型无性系和易感型无性系的生长表现有何区别 ?2 )在同样的实验条件下 ,分别对抗病型无性系和易感型无性系进行接种感染后 ,两者的生长表现又有何区别 ?在一严重感病的白车轴草自然种群中 ,分别标定 17个抗病型无性系和 14个易感型无性系 ,从各无性系的匍匐茎上分别剪取长 5 cm ,具两个叶两个腋芽的小段作实验材料。接种孢子采自同一植物种群植株的病叶。实验在一个处在次生演替阶段的草本植物群落上进行 ,在该群落的种间竞争梯度上选定 3个分别具有弱、中等和强种间竞争的生境 (Habitat)建立实验站 ,每站设置等量的实验组和对照组。结果显示 :1)随着环境中种间竞争强度的增加 ,无论接种与否 ,抗病型和易感型白车轴草的叶生长量均递减 ;2 )在弱或强种间竞争环境条件下 ,无论接种与否 ,易感型无性系的生长均好于抗病型无性系 ;但在中等种间竞争强度的环境条件下 ,对照实验中易感型无性系的生长显著好于抗病型无性系 ,而接种实验中的结果相反。

关键词：种间竞争环境梯度相互作用白车轴草白车轴草单胞锈菌病原菌

The Recollection of Morning Sickness and Their Support System as Documented by Women Post Pregnancy

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2013年第4期3卷 67-75页

作者： Hanna ericson Malin Sunnergren Annsofie Adolfsson Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Skaraborg HospitalSkovdeSweden School of Health and Medical Sciences Orebro UniversityOrebroSweden

Nausea during pregnancy affects about ten percent of all pregnant women. The causes of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are unclear. The condition can lead to dehydration, electrolyte derangement, impaired organ function and lead to serious health issues or even death if left untreated. The treatment conducted today is symptomatic and is not completely satisfactory. Objective: The purpose of the study was to describe women’s experience of morning sickness and their experience of support. Design: Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Participants: Nine women responded to the survey. Results: The result shows that women who suffer from morning sickness during pregnancy feel a loss of control over their lives which has a significant impact on their mental and physical health making it difficult to function normally. Feelings of isolation, loneliness and alienation are common. It is essential that midwives are attentive in order to provide the help and support that these women require. Conclusion: It is essential that the personnel providing the care are knowledgeable about the condition. More research is necessary to find the root cause of the condition in order to develop effective strategies for treatment.

关键词： Nausea during Pregnancy Morning Sickness Experience Support Midwife Qualitative Content Analysis

白车轴草(Trifolium repens)植株抗病性和生长与植物病史的关系(英文)

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应用生态学报 2003年第1期14卷 35-42页

作者：刘登义王友保 Lars ericson 安徽师范大学生物多样性研究中心芜湖241000 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science

从白车轴草 (Trifoliumrepens)自然种群中采集无白车轴草单孢锈菌病史的无性系 (clones) 17个 ,有白车轴草单孢锈菌病史的无性系 14个 ,分别作为抗病型和感受型植物实验材料 ;采集白车轴草单孢锈菌 (Uromycestrifolii repentis)菌系 (st... 详细信息

从白车轴草 (Trifoliumrepens)自然种群中采集无白车轴草单孢锈菌病史的无性系 (clones) 17个 ,有白车轴草单孢锈菌病史的无性系 14个 ,分别作为抗病型和感受型植物实验材料 ;采集白车轴草单孢锈菌 (Uromycestrifolii repentis)菌系 (strains) 10个 ,作为病菌实验材料 .分别设置并进行了两个温室实验、一个田间盆栽实验和一个原生长地移栽实验 ,实验处理上分对照、单菌系接种和 10个菌系接种等 3种 .实验结果表明 ,无论是用单菌系接种还是 10个菌系接种 ,植株发病的概率和程度均与其抗病性有关 ,抗病型植株 (无病史 )发病的概率和程度显著低于感受型 (有病史 )植株 .在相同处理的实验中 (无论是田间实验还是温室实验 ) ,无病史植株和有病史植株的生长无显著差异 ;不同处理田间实验植株的生长有显著差异 ,病情愈重 ,生长愈差 .无病史植株的抗病性明显强于有病史植株 .但是 ,原生长地的移栽实验结果表明 ,在无病原菌存在的情况下 ,有病史植株的 (叶 )生长显著好于无病史植株 .可以认为 ,研究生物个体对环境因子反应性差异的实验应当在自然条件下和自然梯度范围内进行 .

关键词：抗病性生长白车轴草白车轴草单孢锈菌

银叶老鹳草 (Geraniumsylvaticum)种群中诱导保护抗性和病原菌相互作用的研究(英文)

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生物多样性 2002年第1期10卷 29-37页

作者：刘登义 Lars ericson 安徽师范大学生物多样性研究中心 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Ume UniversityS90187UmeSweden

本文通过自然植物种群接种实验、人工接种实验和野外调查研究了 (Geraniumsylvaticum)对老鹳草单孢锈菌 (Uromycesgeranii) (长生活史 )的抗病性在受柄锈菌 (Puccinia) (短生活史 )感病前后和受 2种柄锈菌 (P .lev eillei或P .morthieri... 详细信息

本文通过自然植物种群接种实验、人工接种实验和野外调查研究了 (Geraniumsylvaticum)对老鹳草单孢锈菌 (Uromycesgeranii) (长生活史 )的抗病性在受柄锈菌 (Puccinia) (短生活史 )感病前后和受 2种柄锈菌 (P .lev eillei或P .morthieri)感病后有无区别 ,以及在同一季节里感染同一寄主植物的长生活史单孢锈菌和短生活史柄锈菌间的相互作用。病原菌间的相互作用使寄主植物产生诱导保护抗性。结果表明 ,P .leveillei可诱导寄主植物产生短时间的保护抗性 ,而P .morthieri可能诱导寄主植物产生长时期的保护抗性。诱导保护抗性可能是影响自然植物种群中植病式样的重要因素之一。

关键词：病原菌相互作用诱导保护抗性银叶老鹳草柄锈菌