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Effect of forest fire on tree diversity and regeneration potential in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 331-338页

作者： Satyam Verma Dharmatma Singh Sathya mani Shanmuganathan Jayakumar Environmental Informatics and Spatial Modeling Lab Department of Ecology and Environmental SciencesSchool of Life SciencesPondicherry UniversityPuducherry 605014India

Introduction:The study was conducted in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve,in the Western Ghats to understand the effect of a single fire event on tree diversity and regeneration *** forest patches were selected which were unburned,2-year-old burn,5-year-old burn,and 15-year-old *** 0.1 ha square plots were laid randomly in all four patches and analyzed for tree diversity,stand structure,and regeneration of tree ***:A total of 4129 individuals of tree species were recorded in field surveys,comprising 3474 seedlings,121 saplings,and 534 ***,40 tree species were recorded in study plots,from which 28 species were seedlings,16 species were saplings,and 37 species were at tree ***:Tree diversity decreased in 2-year-old and 5-year-old burnt plots and was reached to the level of unburnt plots in 15 years of *** of small size classes started increasing after the *** density increased linearly in subsequent years after fire but sapling and tree density recorded less than control in B2 but was higher in B5 and *** overall fire affected diversity,but regeneration showed a positive trend.

关键词： Dry deciduous forest Forest fire Fire mapping Regeneration Western Ghats

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Land Use Pattern for Piluwkhola Small Hydropower Project

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Small Hydro Power News 2006年第2期23卷 21-23页

作者： KUBER mani Arun Valley Hydropower Development Company GPO Box 11039 Kathmandu Nepal

Piluwkhola Small Hydropower Project （3000 kW）, developed by private entrepreneurs, is located in the Eastern part of Nepal and lies in a tropical region between latitude 27°15′53″ and 27°17′8＂N, and longitude 87019′29″ and 87°20′51″E, The project was built within a period of 30 months. Nepali experts built the civil and metal works of the project; the electro mechanical ma- chinery was imported from Germany. The unique features of the project are its 3487 m long steel penstock pipe from the forebay to the powerhouse and the fact that all hardrock was chiseled by hand, No blasting was used for the total alignment of 3.5 km. Initially, a total of 4.99 ha land was estimated to be used for the project whereas 5.92 ha land was used finally. Of the total land used 2.63 ha （44.4%） is government land and 3,29 ha （55.6%） is private cultivated land. Private land was obtained by mutual agreement with the landowners. The land was categorised under different forms of payment. The government land was obtained on a lease for 40 years from the government at a payment of royalt3., with increased at the rate 10% each year for the lease period. Of the total land used, 23% was occupied by the permanent structures while the rest is used for access road, greenery, etc. The access road, also a vital link road to the villagers,passes along the penstock alignment as well as above it. Of the total land excavated, 65% is soft soil and the remaining 35% is hard rock. Soft soil was excavated manually and with an excavator, while all hard rock was excavated manually using ＂ghan＂ and ＂chino ＂, a primitive technology. Excavated soil was dumped along the alignment and reused for backfilling and access road embankments. Slopes above and below the alignment are protected by providing gabion wall and stone masonry walls as well as by bioengineering practices. The project tried its best to minimize the use of land, which is one of the indicators to make the project environmental friendly.

关键词：土地利用小水电水电建设电力系统

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Concentration,sources and wet deposition of dissolved nitrogen and organic carbon in the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain during monsoon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 37-52页

作者： Hemraj Bhattarai Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Chhatra mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Junming Guo Prakriti Sharma Ghimire Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Kathmandu Center for Research and Education(KCRE) KathmanduNepal

Precipitation represents an important phenomenon for carbon and nitrogen ***,the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)with their potential sources were analyzed in wet precipitation during summer monsoon from the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP),important but neglected *** volume-weighted mean(VWM)concentration of DOC and TDN were 687.04 and 1210.23μg/L,***,the VWM concentration of major ions were in a sequence of NH_(4)^(+)>Ca^(2+)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>NO_(3)~->Cl~->Mg^(2+)>F~->NO_(2)~-,suggesting NH_(4)^(+)and Ca^(2+)from agricultural activities and crustal dust played a vital role in precipitation ***,the wet deposition flux of DOC and TDN were 9.95 and 17.06 kg/(ha year),*** wet deposition flux of inorganic nitrogen species such as NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were 14.31 and 0.47 kg/(ha year),respectively,demonstrating the strong influence of emission sources and precipitation *** attribution from different analysis suggested the influence of biomass burning on DOC and anthropogenic activities(agriculture,animal husbandry)on nitrogenous *** air-mass back trajectory analysis indicated the influence of air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal,which possibly carried marine and anthropogenic pollutants along with the biomass burning emissions to the sampling *** study bridges the data gap in the less studied part of the northern IGP region and provides new information for policy makers to deal with pollution control.

关键词： Precipitation chemistry Dissolved organic carbon Total dissolved nitrogen Major ions Indo-Gangetic Plain

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Changes in cultivated land patterns and driving forces in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China, from 1992 to 2015

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 203-215页

作者： ZhaNG Yu-xin WANG Yu-kuan FU Bin LI Ming LU Ya-feng DIXIT Amod mani ChaUDhaRY Suresh WANG Shan Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal Kathmandu LalitpurP.O.Box 13667Nepal Chengdu Land Planning and Cadastre Center Chengdu 610074China

Changes of cultivated land patterns caused by major water conservation projects are rarely reported. We selected the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China to study the change in area and landscape pattern of the cultivated land in the head,central, and tail areas of the reservoir that took place between 1992 and 2015;we then studied the spatial distribution of the cultivated land in the three parts of the reservoir;finally, we studied the driving forces behind the changes in the cultivated land. The results derived are as follows.(1) During the construction of the Three Gorges Project(TGP, 1992–2015), the area of cultivated land around the reservoir decreased by30.23 million ha. This reduction occurred in phases:the most severe change in cultivated land occurred during the later stage of the project(2002–2010);only 0.62 million ha of cultivated land did not change between 1992 and 2015.(2) Spatial pattern analysis showed that the cultivated land in the three parts of the reservoir changed from a northern distribution to a southern distribution;thus, the area of cultivated land in the north decreased over the time period. The area of cultivated land in the head and tail areas decreased by varying degrees, while it increased in the central area over the 23 years, indicating that the change in cultivated land showed regional differences.(3) The TGP, the policy of reverting farmland to forest,and urbanization were the main driving factors for the change of cultivated land, but there were differences in their impacts at different stages.(4) According to the patch dynamics of the land cover change, the degree of change gradually intensified during the early and later stages of the project and then stabilized during the operational period. Our research provides scientific support for the protection of cultivated land resources and food security in the reservoir area and for the coordination of social and economic development, which is of great significance to sustainable de

关键词： Agricultural land change Three Gorges Reservoir area Landscape index The standard deviation ellipse Cultivated land Driving forces

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Optimizing Plant Geometry and Nutrient Management for Grain Yield and Economics in Irrigated Greengram

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1144-1150页

作者： Murugesan Mohana Keerthi Rajagopalan Babu mani Joseph Rajiah Amutha Department of Agronomy Agricultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Killikulam Tuticorin Tamil Nadu India

Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) is important pulse crop in India. The yield and economics were in-creased by optimization of plant geometry and nutrient management under irrigated condition. The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of November 2013 to January 2014 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam. An experiment was laid out in randomised block design and replicated thrice and the test variety of the crop greengram (CO 6) was used. The plant geometry of 30 × 30 cm, 25 × 25 cm and 30 × 10 cm was adopted. The Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based fertilizer application, RDF, FYM and ZnSO4 was applied in soil as basal. The foliar spray of Pulse Wonder and Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) spray was done at one week after flowering and 1% KNO3 at 50 per cent flowering. Adoption of planting geometry of 30 × 30 cm, application of RDF, 12.5 t of FYM and 25 kg ZnSO4 as basal and foliar spraying of 1% KNO3 at 50 per cent flowering recorded higher dry matter production of 2865 kg·ha-1 and yield attributes viz., number of pod clusters plant-1 (10.34), number of pods plant-1 (53.40), number of seeds pod-1 (13.23), pod length (8.77 cm) and seed test weight (3.42 g). Higher grain yield of 1775 kg·ha-1, haulm yield (2920 kg·ha-1), harvest index (0.38), net return (57,806 Rs·ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.43) were associated with the treatment comprising of 30 × 30 cm spacing, application of RDF, 12.5 t of FYM and 25 kg ZnSO4 as basal and foliar spraying of 1% KNO3 at 50 per cent flowering.

关键词： Greengram Plant Geometry Nutrients Yield

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