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Vaccination Coverage and Its Determinants in Children Aged 11 - 23 Months in an Urban District of Nigeria

World Journal of Vaccines 2014年第4期4卷 175-183页

作者： Beckie Nnenna Tagbo Christopher Bismarck Eke Babatunde Ishola Omotowo Chika Nwanma Onwuasigwe Edelu Benedict Onyeka ukoha oluchi mildred Institute of Child Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Background/Objectives: Performance of the vaccination programme in Nigeria is lower than the regional average as well the 95% target necessary for sustained control of vaccine preventable diseases. This study is aimed at assessing the vaccination coverage and its associated factors in children aged 11 - 23 months in Enugu Metropolis. Methods: A cross sectional study in which caregivers and their children pair, aged 11 - 23 months attending children’s outpatient clinics in Enugu metropolis was undertaken. Respondents were selected consecutively while data were collected using pretested interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 while level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of full vaccination. Results: Of 351 subjects studied, 84.9% (298) were fully immunized according to the national programme on immunization schedule using both vaccination cards and history. The OPV0, OPV3, pentavalent-1, pentavalent-3 and measles coverage at the time of survey were 100.0%, 97.2%, 98.0%, 98.6%, 96.9% and 95.4%, respectively. On logistic regression: maternal occupation (government employees), children born in government hospitals and knowledge of when to start and complete vaccinations in a child were the likely predictors for completion of full vaccination in the children. Conclusion: The vaccination coverage among the study group was adjudged to be relatively high. Delivery of a child in a government hospital and the knowledge of the age when routine vaccinations should begin and end in a child were the independent predictors of the high vaccination coverage rate observed. Awareness and health education efforts in government tertiary hospitals should be extended to private and other hospitals to improve and sustain national vaccination coverage in Nigeria.

关键词： Vaccination Immunization Coverage Children Nigeria

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Synthesis of sulfonated Sesamum indicum *** oil and its application as a fatliquor in leather processing

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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2021年第1期3卷 179-191页

作者： Adachukwu N.Nkwor Pius O.ukoha Ikhazuagbe H.Ifijen Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike lkwoP.M.B 1010AbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State 410001Nigeria Department of Research Operation Rubber Research Institute of NigeriaP.M.B.1049Benin-CityNigeria.

Fatliquor is an oil-in-water emulsion that improves the physical properties of leather such as tensile strength,flexibility,and softness by lubricating the leather *** Sesamum indicum oil was synthesized,characterized,and examined for consideration as a substitute for imported fatliquor in *** sulfonation of the oil was confirmed by the significant observations made in the FTIR,1 H NMR,13 C NMR,and 13 C NMR DEPT analysis results.A remarkable difference was observed in the physicochemical properties results of both unsulfonated and sulfonated *** sulfonated sesame fatliquor was applied onto goatskin and compared with a commercial sulfated fatliquor in the processing of shoe upper leather using standard *** average results for tensile strength,double edge tear,elongation,and softness results for the commercial and synthesized fatliquors are as follows:14.27 N/mm^(2);13.77 N/mm^(2),50.61N;60.11 N,38.06%;54.28%,25.2;25.0.A comparable level of lubrication of the leather treated with the sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil and that treated with the commercial leather fatliquor was revealed by the Sudan IV stain test as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis *** analyses,therefore,show that the as-synthesized sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil could be considered as a substitute for imported fatliquor in the leather industry.

关键词： Characterisation Fatliquor Leather Sesamum indicum Sulfonation Vegetable oil

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Lamivudine Using Chloranilic Acid and 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ)

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011年第7期2卷 849-856页

作者： Kenneth C. Madu P. O. ukoha A. A. Attama 不详

A spectrophotometric method for the assay of lamivudine in pure form and in dosage form was developed in this study. The method was based on charge-transfer complex formation between the drug, which acted as n-donor while chloranilic acid and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) acted as a p-acceptor in a non-aqueous solvent in each case. Chloranilic acid was found to form a charge-transfer complex in a 1:1 stoichiometry with lamuvudine (lamivudine-chloranilic acid) with a maximium absorption band at 521 nm. Also, DDQ was found to form a charge-transfer complex in a 1:1 stoichiometry with lamivudine (lamivudine-DDQ) with a maximium absorption band at 530 nm. The pH was obeyed at acid range. The complexes obeyed Beer’s law at a concentration range of 0.04 - 0.28 mg/ml. The thermodynamic parameters calculated at different temperatures included the molar absorptivity, association constant, free energy change, enthalpy and entropy. The proposed method has been conveniently applied in the analysis of commercially available lamivudine tablet with good accuracy and precision.

关键词： Charge-Transfer Complexation Chloranilic Acid DDQ Lamivudine Spectrophotometric Determination Thermodynamic Studies pH Pharmaceutical Formulation

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<i>In Vivo</i>Study of Healing Effects of Sida acuta Leaf Extracts on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Induced Ulceration in Mice

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第9期8卷 1-14页

作者： Chito Clare Ekwealor Chidinma Chinwendu Okorie Chinwe Clarice ukoha Anthonia Nkiruka Mba Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Microbiology Chukwuemeka Odimegwu Ojukwu University Uli Nigeria

Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen that is widely distributed and known to cause peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. Treatment is usually by combination of acid inhibitory therapy and antibiotics because of drug resistance problems. Studies now focus on the use of medicinal plants for treatment of H. pylori induced ulcers because they are inexpensive and have limited side effects. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of cold water and ethanol extracts of Sida acuta leaves on H. pylori induced ulcer in mice. Oral administration with the aid of a feeding tube of 0.5 ml of 107 CFU/ml of H. pylori (Accession number LT799736) in phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8) was used to induce ulcer in mice. Effects of various concentrations of cold water and ethanol extracts of S. acuta leaves on the ulcer parameters and histology examinations of stomach tissues of mice were investigated after 2 weeks of administration of extracts into the mice. Mice treated with clarithromycin served as positive control while mice administered with H. pylori but not treated served as negative control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis and results were considered significant if p 6 CFU/ml to 3.5 × 106 CFU/ml and 2.6 × 106 CFU/ml for cold water and ethanol extracts respectively. Reduction in ulcer severity (2.00 ± 0.10 to 0.080 ± 0.05), ulcer index (8.50 ± 1.10 to 4.26 ± 0.03) and gastric volume (1.32 ± 0.12 to 0.54 ± 0.13) were observed. Histology of stomach tissues of mice treated with extracts revealed clear granulation indicating tissue repair and wound healing. S. acuta extracts were observed to enhance ulcer healing in a mice model.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Sida acuta Leaves Peptic Ulcer Ethanol Extract

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