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Occupational Hazards, Safety and Hygienic Practices among Timber Workers in a South Eastern State, Nigeria

Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2016年第3期4卷 63-71页

作者： Kevin c. Diwe chukwuma B. Duru Anthony c. Iwu Irene A. Merenu Kenechi A. Uwakwe Uche R. Oluoha Tope B. Ogunniyan ugochukwu c. madubueze Ikechi Ohale Department of community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of community Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Timber workers, especially in developing countries, are faced with challenges of prevention and control of work place hazards and illnesses. Objective: To determine the awareness of occupational hazards, effects, safety and hygienic practices among timber workers in a South Eastern State in Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive design that used the total population of timber workers involved in the processing and marketing of wood in three major timber markets in a South Eastern State in Nigeria. Data was collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. Results: The majority of the respondents were aware of the hazardous nature of wood dust (96%) and their main source of awareness was from personal experiences (55%). In spite of the fact that the predominant hazard effects in the majority were nose, throat irritation and cough (33%), the majority were of the opinion that the respirator was not important. Only 13% of the respondents that use personal protective equipment (PPE) always use them and the main reason for not using PPE is forgetfulness (38%). Proper hygiene and sanitation was poorly practiced, as all respondents indiscriminately disposed of waste wood (100%) and about one third (33%) did not have a bath after work each day. conclusion: Timber workers in our environment are faced with increased risks of diseases, accidents and challenges of protection and safety. As a consequence, there is a need for proper education and enforcement of consistent use of the different protective devices.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Occupational Hazard Timber Worker Imo Nigeria

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Knowledge, Attitude and the Prevalence of HIV counselling and Testing among Secondary In-School Adolescents in Orlu Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2017年第2期7卷 77-91页

作者： Anthony c. Iwu Henry N. chineke Kevin c. Diwe chukwuma B. Duru Kenechi A. Uwakwe Emmanuel c. Azuike ugochukwu c. madubueze chukwuyem Abejegah Emmanuel U. Ndukwu Ikechi Ohale Department of community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of community Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Anambra Nigeria Department of community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of community Medicine Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua Nigeria

Background: Adolescence is a period of vulnerability with the onset of multiple risky behaviour which exposes them to HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases and as such, the timely introduction and uptake of strategies like HIV counselling and Testing will reduce transmission and provide access to preventive services. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and prevalence of HIV counselling and Testing among secondary in-school adolescents in Orlu Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study design was used that selected students aged 13 - 19 years in senior classes SS1 to SS3 attending secondary schools. Data was collected using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. chi square statistic was computed and p value was set at 0.05 significant level. Results: Though most of the respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS (99%) and HIV counselling and Testing (92%), the majority of the respondents had a poor level of overall knowledge (61%) and attitude (70%) towards HIV counselling and Testing. The prevalence of HIV counselling and Testing amongst the respondents was very low (7%). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of overall knowledge and level of overall attitude towards HIV counselling and Testing (p conclusion: Identifying and closing the gaps in their knowledge and attitude towards HIV counselling and Testing, will form the basis for the introduction of adolescent-tailored strategies that will further encourage and improve voluntary and confidential uptake of HIV counselling and Testing among the adolescents.

关键词： HcT Knowledge Attitude Prevalence Adolescents Nigeria

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Health care Seeking Behaviour and Predictors of combined Orthodox and Traditional Health care Utilization among Households in communities in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017年第7期7卷 115-137页

作者： chukwuma B. Duru Anthony c. Iwu Kenechi A. Uwakwe Kevin c. Diwe Irene A. Merenu chukwuma U. Okafor chukwuyem Abejegah ugochukwu c. madubueze Emmanuel U. Ndukwu Ikechi Ohale Department of community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Psychiatry University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of community Medicine Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua Nigeria Department of community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Health care seeking behaviour is a complex, dynamic and multidimensional process that involves a sequence of remedial actions that are influenced by the interaction between the individual, household and community with the intention of addressing perceived ill health. Objective: To determine health care seeking attitude and behaviour and the predictors of combined orthodox and traditional health care use among households in communities in Owerri, Imo State. Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional design that used a multistage random sampling technique to select 500 participants from households in two communities in Owerri, Imo State. Data was collected using a pretested, semi structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. chi square statistics were computed to determine significant relationships and binary logistic regression was used to determine predictors of combined use. P was set at 0.05 significance level. Results: The results revealed that, while just more than half of the respondents (56.4%) had a moderate to good level of overall knowledge of health care, almost all of the respondents (96.2%) also had a moderate to good level of overall positive attitude towards seeking health care;with less than one third (29.4%) using combined orthodox and traditional health care treatments. It further revealed that, respondents who were female, traders and from households of polygamous families were significantly more likely to use combined orthodox and traditional health care treatments (p cation, from households with a professional as head, having private water closet toilets and earning a monthly income of more than 50,000 Naira ($140) were significantly less likely to use combined orthodox and traditional health care treatments (p conclusion: There is a need to be more sensitive to the realities of the combined use of orthodox and traditional treatments,

关键词： Health Seeking Behaviour combined Use Orthodox and Traditional Treatments Nigeria

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Environmental Sanitation Practices: A case Study of Solid Waste Management in Semi-Urban communities in Orlu, Imo State Nigeria

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2017年第4期5卷 88-105页

作者： chukwuma B. Duru Anthony c. Iwu Kevin c. Diwe Kenechi A. Uwakwe Irene A. Merenu ugochukwu c madubueze Ijeoma N. Okedo-Alex Emmanuel U. Ndukwu Ikechi Ohale Ernest Nwaigbo Department of community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Environmental sanitation is a fundamental process that is a key public health intervention which is essential for social, economic and overall health development of communities. Objective: To determine Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Environmental Sanitation in Semi-Urban communities in Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive design using a multistage random sampling technique to select 426 participants from households and business premises in semi-urban communities in Orlu Local Government Area of Imo State. Data was collected using a pretested, semi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics to assess the respondents’ knowledge, attitude and practices of environmental sanitation. Results: The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents’ was 37.0 ± 2.2 with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Despite high awareness about environmental sanitation (95.0%) reported among the respondents, proportion of them with good knowledge about environmental sanitation (22.9%), attitude (38.6%) and practice (20.8%) towards environmental sanitation was low. The mean quantity of waste generated per week per household or business premise was 14.1 ± 0.94 kg with a majority of the respondents (80.0%), not separating their waste before disposal. The commonest solid waste component generated was organic/perishable materials (74.8%) and the commonest disposal practice reported was open dumping (49.8%). conclusion: A lot of attention is still required in the development of basic sanitation infrastructure and also, in the promotion of strategies or interventions that influence behavioural change towards environmental sanitation especially in developing countries like Nigeria.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Environmental Sanitation Sold Waste Management Nigeria

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Food Hygiene among Food Vendors in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2017年第1期5卷 11-25页

作者： Anthony c. Iwu Kenechi A. Uwakwe chukwuma B. Duru Kevin c. Diwe Henry N. chineke Irene A. Merenu Uche R. Oluoha ugochukwu c. madubueze Emmanuel Ndukwu Ikechi Ohale Department of community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Food vendors play a critical food safety role in the “farm to plate” continuum that is necessary for the prevention and control of food borne diseases and therefore, any lack of its understanding by the food vendors poses a serious challenge to food safety. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and hygienic practices of food vendors in Owerri town of Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross-Sectional descriptive design that used a proportionate convenience sampling technique to select 200 food vendors from the three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Owerri town. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. chi square statistics were computed to determine significant relationships and p value was set at 0.05 significant level. Results: While a majority of the respondents had a good level of knowledge (81%) and positive attitude (71%) about food hygiene, only 37% of the respondents had a good level of hygienic practice. It was revealed that 32% and 46% of the respondents received training on food hygiene and environmental health worker inspection respectively. It was also revealed that, there were statistically significant relationships between knowledge (p = 0.001), attitude (p = 0.000), formal training on food hygiene (p = 0.000) and the level of food hygienic practices. conclusion: The public health management of food vending services should involve the development of strategies that will equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide vending services in a hygienic and safe manner.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Food Hygiene Food Vendors Owerri Nigeria

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The Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Its Sociodemographic Determinants amongst Nursing Mothers at a Tertiary Health care Institution in South East, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017年第4期7卷 63-73页

作者： Henry N. chineke Anthony c. Iwu Kevin c. Diwe chukwuma B. Duru Kenechi A. Uwakwe Eyitayo E. Emmanuel Uche R. Oluoha ugochukwu c. madubueze Emmanuel U. Ndukwu Ikechi Ohale Department of Family Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Epidemiology and community Health Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Breastfeeding is a natural and critical act that provides nutrients and energy for the infant and young child;and through a public health intervention such as exclusive breastfeeding, it improves the survival rates of the infant. Objective: To determine the breastfeeding practices and the sociodemographic determinants of exclusive breastfeeding amongst nursing mothers present at the Imo state university teaching hospital Orlu. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study design was used that included all nursing mothers present within a 4 week study period. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. chi square statistics were computed to determine significant associations and binary logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practice. P value was set at 0.05 significant level. Results: While most of the respondents were aware of exclusive breastfeeding (92.5%), only 24% of the respondents were practicing exclusive breastfeeding. Work and school activities, and the feeling that breast milk was insufficient for the needs of the baby were the reasons for not practicing exclusive breastfeeding for a majority of the respondents (56.6%). Furthermore, 61% of those that were practicing non-exclusive breast feeding gave a cereal or infant formula in addition to the breast milk for 3 to 6 months. It was further revealed that there were statistically significant relationships between breastfeeding practice and maternal age (p = 0.003), level of maternal education (p = 0.005) and maternal occupation (p = 0.006). conclusion: Understanding and taking into cognizance the sociodemographic characteristics will enable the design, and adequate delivery of appropriate and effective strategies that improve exclusive breastfeeding practice.

关键词： Exclusive Breastfeeding Sociodemographic Determinants Nigeria

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