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Stability Studies on the Aqueous Extract of the Fresh Leaves of Combretum Micranthum G. Don Used as Antibacterial Agent

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 417-424页

作者： Uduma Eke Osonwa Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor uduak victor okon Emmanuel Maduabuchi Uronnachi Calistus Dozie Nwakile Department of Pharmaceutics/Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Agulu 422001 Anambra State Nigeria Department of Pharmaeeutics/Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Uyo Akwaibom State 520001 Nigeria

The fresh leaves of Combretum micranthum were harvested during the rainy season in Akwa Ibom State, washed and subjected to extraction by maceration in distilled water. Concentration was done with a rotary evaporator. The extracts were tested for content of the following phytochemicals using standard methods： alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and steroids. Antibacterial sensitivity test of the extract was carried out on S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli using agar well diffusion method and Ampiclox as control. The effect of storage time of the extract on its antibacterial activity was determined after the extract was kept at room temperature for 1 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Preparations of 200 mg/mL of the aqueous extract were made with additives as follows：（a） no additive; （b） methyl paraben （0.3%）; （c） propyl paraben （0.3%）; （d） sodium metabisulfite （0.01%）; （e） A combination of methyl paraben （0.3%） and propyl paraben （0.3%）; （f） A combination of methyl paraben （0.3%）, propyl paraben （0.3%） and sodium metabisulfite （0.01%）. A visual observation of the stabilized preparations was employed on daily basis for 30 days. Phytochemical analyses on the aqueous extract of the fresh leaves showed the absence of alkaloids, anthraquinones and flavonoids. Saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids were present in moderate amounts and there was abundance of tannins. The extract had similar effect on both S. aureus and E. coli cultures but activity was very low with B. subtilis. When S. aureus activity increased with time of storage up to 48 hours, thereafter the activity started reducing. However, the activity of E. coli continued to increase with time （within the study period）. Thus, it appears reasonable to store the extract for at least 48 hours before the use for enhanced activity.

关键词： Combretum micranthum fresh leaves aqueous extract antibacterial stability.

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Comparison of antioxidant activity of insulin, Ocimum gratissimum L., and Vernonia amygdalina L. in type 1 diabetic rat model

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第4期15卷 302-309页

作者： uduak Akpan okon Idorenyin Udo Umoren Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Uyo

OBJECTIVE： Diabetes mellitus （DM） is known to be associated with increase of oxidative stress products. The direction of effect of any treatment on these products could therefore be a reliable measure of its efficacy on DM. So the aim of this study was to investigate the activity of insulin, Ocimum gratissimum L. （OG） and Vernonia amygdafina L. （VA） on oxidative stress ***： Thirty-six female Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into six groups of six rats each. Thirty rats were induced for type 1 DM （DM1） with a single intraperitoneal administration of 65 mg/ kg body weight of streptozotocin. Group 1 was normal control and was administered distilled water while Group 2 served as DM1 control group; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were diabetic rats treated with 208 mg/kg OG （DM1 ＋ OG）, 52 mg/kg VA （DM1 ＋ VA）, 208 mg/kg OG ＋ 52 mg/kg VA （DMI＋OG ＋VA） and 0.16 IU insulin （DM1 ＋ insulin） respectively. Determination of methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin was achieved by the absorption spectrum principle. Red blood cell （RBC） catalase was assayed by continuous spectrophotometric ***： The RBC catalase concentration was significantly decreased in the DM1 and DMI＋VA groups when compared with the normal control. DM1 ＋ OG significantly increased RBC-catalase when compared to DMI. The methemoglobin concentration was significantly reduced in the DM1, DM1 ＋ VA, DM1 ＋ OG ＋ VA and DM1 ＋ insulin groups when compared to the normal control group. The sulfhemoglobin concentration was significantly increased in the diabetic control and the diabetic treated groups when compared to the normal control. DM1 ＋ OG reduced the sulfhemoglobin concentration when compared to DM1. The blood glucose concentration of all the diabetic groups was significantly raised compared to normal control. OG, VA and insulin significantly reduced the blood glucose concentration with the efficacy of OG and VA higher than ***： Adverse alteration of oxidative indices were obse

关键词： oxidative stress diabetes mellitus, type 1" insulin Ocimum gratissimum L. Vemonia amygdalina L.

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Hypoglycemic efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina compared with insulin and glibenclamide in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ diabetic rat models

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第4期5卷 174-178页

作者： uduak Akpan okon Titilope Helen Olatunbosun Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of UyoP.M.B.1017 UyoAkwa Ibom StateNigeria

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum) and Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina) with those of insulin and ***: Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (DM) were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin and intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (100 mg/kg) along with streptozotocin, respectively. The state of diabetes was confirmed weekly by testing blood glucose level using a ***: The weekly blood glucose levels were higher in type I DM than in type Ⅱ DM. Type Ⅰ DM plus O. gratissimum showed a weekly progressive significant reduction in blood glucose compared to type Ⅰ DM control. Type Ⅰ DM control showed a duration dependent significant higher blood glucose concentration compared to normal control. Type I DM plus V. amygdalina also showed a time dependent significant lower glucose level compared to normal control and type Ⅰ DM control. Combination treatment of type Ⅰ DM (O. gratissimum plus V. amygdalina) showed a significantly elevated glucose concentration compared to normal control which was similar to type I DM control. Insulin treatment in type I DM showed a weekly progressive significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to normal control and type I DM control. Type Ⅱ DM control showed a fairly constant blood glucose concentration throughout the duration of treatment that was significantly higher than that of the normal control. Type Ⅱ DM plus O. gratissimum showed a fairly steady significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to type Ⅱ DM control and normal control. Type Ⅱ DM plus V. amygdalina also showed a fairly constant significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to type Ⅱ DM control and normal control. Type II DM (O. gratissimum plus V. amygdalina) showed a slightly progressive significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to normal control and type Ⅱ DM control. Type Ⅱ DM with glibenclamide showed almost steady

关键词： Ocimum gratissimum Vernonia amygdalina Insulin Glibenclamide Diabetes mellitus Blood glucose

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Completion of 6-mo isoniazid preventive treatment among eligible under six children:A cross-sectional study,Lagos,Nigeria

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第1期11卷 104-115页

作者： victor Abiola Adepoju Ademola Adelekan Aderonke Agbaje Femi Quaitey Tobi Ademola-Kay Ann uduak Udoekpo Olusola Daniel Sokoya Department of HIV and Infectious Diseases Jhpiego NigeriaFederal Capital TerritoryAbuja 900918Nigeria Department of Research Bluegate Research InstituteIbadan 211271Oyo StateNigeria Clinical Services Institute of Human Virology of NigeriaAbuja 900918Nigeria Department of HIV and Infectious Diseases Jhpiego NigeriaUyo 520108AkwaIbomNigeria Adolescent and Youth Care Youth Development and Empowerment InitiativeLagos 23401Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Jhpiego NigeriaUyo 520108AkwaIbomNigeria Lagos State Tuberculosis Buruli Ulcer and Leprosy Control ProgramIkeja 100001LagosNigeria

BACKGROUND Nigeria is one of the thirty high burden countries with significant contribution to the global childhood tuberculosis *** annual risk for children could be as high as 4%particularly in high tuberculosis(TB)prevalent ***(INH)Preventive Therapy has been shown to prevent TB incidence but data on its implementation among children are *** To determine the completion of INH among under six children that were exposed to adults with smear positive pulmonary TB in Lagos,*** This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional review of 265 medical records of eligible children0.005).CONCLUSION This study demonstrated suboptimal INH completion rate among children with only 6 out of 10 children initiated on INH who completed a 6-mo treatment in Lagos,*** huge drop-offs in the first 2 mo of INH calls for innovative strategies such as the use of 60-d INH calen

关键词： Isoniazid Child Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome Completion Latent tuberculosis Dosage

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Correlation between Reasons for Prescription and Karyotype Results in Patients Referred for Suspected Chromosomal Abnormalities

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Open Journal of Genetics 2023年第2期13卷 97-103页

作者： Zhou Patricia Deh Malika Joane Astrid Dieth Quidana Désirée Coulibaly Mimbra Olivia Annick Bouatinin Bi You Etienne Bazago Goulai Abou Joël Landry okon Brahima Doukouré Mohenou Isidore Jean-Marie Diomandé Gnangoran victor Yao Laboratory of Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics Training and Research Unit-Medical Sciences Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Pathologycal Anatomy and Cytology Training and Research Unit-Medical Sciences Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Clinical Cytology and Reproductive Biology Training and Research Unit-Medical Sciences Alassane Ouattara University Bouaké C&ocircte d’Ivoire

Karyotype prescription is based on clinical signs (or reasons for karyotype prescription) which are phenotypic manifestations associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to establish a correspondence between karyotype indications and their results in patients. This was a retrospective study that was carried out in the Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics laboratory of the University Hospital of Cocody-Abidjan from 2014 to 2019. 58 patient files were identified and included the indication or reason for prescribing a constitutional karyotype and the biological result obtained. An individual data sheet was used to collect the data. 17 reasons for prescription were identified and divided into 2 groups. Sexual ambiguity was the most frequent reason (29.3%). The first group (G1) represented the 10 reasons for which the karyotype results were normal. The second group (G2) corresponded of the 7 motives with normal or abnormal karyotype results. Several anomalies were listed according to these reasons: inversions, mosaics (anomalies of number and structure) and trisomy 21. The last was the most frequent chromosomal anomaly (69.24%). It was found in several reasons for karyotype prescription: malformations, neurological disorders, suspected trisomy and cardiac pathology. Several factors could explain these results, among which are the limits of the karyotype and the non-genetic causes that can induce these abnormal phenotypes. Complementary examinations to the karyotype are molecular cytogenetic techniques, notably fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH).

关键词： Diagnosis Reasons for Prescription Karyotype Chromosomal Abnormalities

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Appropriate Means to Vulgarize the Human Cytogenetics

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Open Journal of Genetics 2023年第4期13卷 125-133页

作者： Zhou Patricia Deh Abou Joël Landry okon Gnaté François Montéomo Quidana Désirée Coulibaly Mimbra Olivia Annick Bouatinin Philippe Irenée Agossou Bi You Etienne Bazago Goulai Brahima Doukouré Gnangoran victor Yao Mohenou Isidore Jean-Marie Diomandé Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics Laboratory UFR-Medical Sciences Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia UFR-Nature Sciences Nangui-Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Laboratory UFR-Medical Sciences Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Clinical Cytology and Biology of Reproduction UFR-Medical Sciences Alassane Ouattara University Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire

Purpose: Insufficient epidemiological data on the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities may hamper investments in research and interventions for better prevention and treatment of these major threats to the population in numerous countries. The aim of this literature review is to contribute to the popularization of cytogenetics. Methodology: This literature review is a text which contains, analyzes and organizes several referenced articles in French and English which have been selected from electronic databases. It provides a documentation of various activities and progress that have an interest in the field of cytogenetics. Results: In the context of cytogenetics, it is necessary to establish partnerships to strengthen infrastructures and produce quality results. The setting up of cytogenetic services and incentives for participatory research give space to the community in the production of knowledge and innovation, alongside researchers. It’s important to create biobanks, where samples of substances from the human body are collected for use in research into the causes and mechanisms of many diseases and their treatments. To carry out clinical trials aims at assessing the effectiveness of a therapeutic strategy, as is currently the case with the use of cytogenetic tests (karyotype, FISH, etc.) as tool of therapeutic decision and prognostic in cancer biology. The monitoring of the ethic of cytogenetic research projects allows protecting rights, security and welfare of subjects. To solve issues of data management and analysis such as the obstacle to the acquisition of tools and the insufficiency in the training of researchers. Furthermore, dissemination of research results will lead to better understanding of research results, greater public engagement in science and greater social respect for research. Conclusion: Cytogenetics can benefit from these actions such as the development of its research infrastructures and training programs for its workforce as well as t

关键词： Human Cytogenetics Vulgarization Actions

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Correlation between Reasons for Prescription and Karyotype Results in Patients Referred for Suspected Chromosomal Abnormalities

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Open Journal of Genetics（遗传学期刊） 2023年第2期

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Appropriate Means to Vulgarize the Human Cytogenetics

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Open Journal of Genetics（遗传学期刊） 2023年第4期

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